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advantages and disadvantages of stem cells

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advantages and disadvantages of stem cells

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advantages: stem cells can differentiate into specialised cells and can aid multiple blood related illnesses.

disadvantages: many argue that using specialised cells to treat people is unnatural and harms/destroys human life.

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stem cells are usually found in the bone marrow or fat in an adult human body.

cell differentiation is very important because stem cells can develop into any kind of specialised cell, meaning that if people lack a specific kind of specialised cell or need more of that kind of cell then stem cells can be used.

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animal cell

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structure and function of organelles

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plant cell

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there are more bacteria than literally anything else

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organisms with no nuclei

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- unicellular or microscopic
- cell wall: peptidoglycan
- some have a capsule or slime layer (goo)
- some species have flagella for movement
- some contain plasmids (small loops of DNA)
- has 1 circular chromosome
- some can photosynthesis

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organisms that have nuclei

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- also called the dustbin kingdom
- strange collection of simple organisms that don't fit into the other groups
- some are more like animals and some are like plants
- mostly single celled
e.g: amoeba

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- store carbohydrates as glycogen
- multicellular or unicellular
- cell wall called chitin
- made out of a network of fibres called a mycelium or hyphae which have many nuclei
- feed by saprophytic nutrition using extracellular enzymes
e.g
single celled: yeast
multicellular: mould

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- stores carbohydrates as glycogen
- multicellular
- cannot photosynthesise
- heterotrophic (feeds on other organisms)
- can move from A to B
- have no cell walls or chloroplasts
- has nervous coordination

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- cellulose cell walls
- multicellular
- carry out photosynthesis, makes own food (autotrophic)
- stores sugar as starch or sucrose

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all living organisms require all aspects of MRS.H.GREN to be considered living.
Movement - action by an organism causing change in position or place
Respiration - chemical reaction in cells breaking down nutrient molecules, releasing energy for metabolism
Sensitivity - detect stimuli in internal/external environment and respond appropriately

Homeostasis - maintenance of constant internal environment

Growth - permanent increase in dry mass/biomass by and increase in cell number & size
Reproduction - process that makes more of same kind of organism
Excretion - removal of organisms of waste products of metabolism, toxic materials and excess substances
Nutrition -  taking in materials for energy, growth & development