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Fredrick Griffin discovered that bacteria taken from a virulent strain of bacteria added to a non-virulent strain transformed it into a virulent form. His experiment consisted of a mice and different forms of bacteria. He had infected the mice with the harmful and harmless bacteria and obviously the infected one had died and the healthy one had lived. Them had had mixed the virulent and non-virulent bacteria and heated it which was supposed to kill the bacteria, but it didn’t, and the mouse died. This experiment has concluded that healthy cells could turn into harmful cells with the transformation principle. Later, scientist like Oswald Avery had further investigated the principle and so did many sciences after him.

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Oswald Avery concluded that DNA is passed down and called genes. He had proved everyone who though genes where proteins by proving they were genes. He showcased

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Erwin Chargaff had discovered the ratios of A, T, C, and G are all equal. Chargaff had notice d that in plants and animals there was equal amounts of adenine and thymine, and cytosine and guanine. Chargaff had also started to conclude about how genetic code is copied.  He had used parts of the DNA to determine what was in the genetic code. This experiment had; after called the “Chargaff Experiment”. Chargaff was interested in how the DNA worked. His experiments had helped farther the research of DNA.

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James Watson and Francis Cricks discovery was the double helix and the twisted ladder structure. This is a very important to the discovery of DNA because it showed the scientist the look of DNA.  After Oswald Avery's discovery of the gene and the hereditary code in DNA many wonder about the structure. Many also wondered about how uniformed it was. After many failed attempts they found out most textbooks where wrong. They used a cardboard as a model and found out that A bonded to T and C bonded to G. they found these shapes where in a ladder formation. They later published their findings.

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Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase had the discovery that genes were made of DNA instead of proteins. They also studied bacterial transformation. Their studies had proved that genetic codes could be changed depending on what’s around them. They had conducted experiments called the “Hershey and Chase experiments”.  They had studied how viruses infected bacteria. They had used radioactive isotopes labeling to perform their experiments. There research in science had influenced a lot in DNA.

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Rosaline Franklin’s discovery was the double helix using a x ray diffraction. She also discovery the density of DNA. She had provided clearer pictures of the double helix first discovered by James Watson and Francis Crick. Adding onto Watsons and Cricks work she looked more into how genes are passed down with DNA. She also captured photograph 51. Her discovery of the double helix had really improved the knowledge of DNA and how genes move from parents to offspring.

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