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Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo/Mexican Cession Feb. 2, 1848

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Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo/Mexican Cession Feb. 2, 1848

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This treaty ended the war between The United States and Mexico. Mexico gave The United States a large portion of their land. The United States gained a lot more land, this led the question, were they free or slave states? A lot of the land gained from the Mexican Cession was below the Missouri Compromise line, this led to further sectionalism.

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Short lived political party that opposed the expansion of slavery in the west. This led to sectionalism because The United States expanded westward to gain land for agriculture, but if you get land and crops you need people to maintain it, and The United States used slaves. The Free Soil Party opposed this, further dividing the nation.

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Zachary Taylor was a U.S. general and war hero, and did not know a lot about politics. He was reluctant to run, but the people wanted him to lead the war effort. When Taylor was elected he pushed California and New Mexico to apply for statehood, that way they could decide whether or not they wanted slaves.

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This was a bill that attempted to keep the Union together. It gave new states the option of whether they would be slave states or free states, and also they would admit California into the Union as a free state. Separating these new states as free and slave states was just planting seeds for even the new states to be adversaries, this would lead to the Civil War.

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This was part of the Compromise of 1850. The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 required all slaves to be returned to their owners, even if they were in a free state. This act also made the federal government responsible for the capture and return of runaway slaves. This led to tension between the North and South rising, and the succession of the South.

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This was a novel written by Harriet Beecher Stowe that increased support for the movement to end slavery. It was about a runaway slave who has been sold many times and has to endure physical brutality by slave drivers and his masters. This further led to sectionalism because slave owners feared this would lead their slaves to rebel, and they were outraged. It was hated so much that even possessing the book was risky.

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Pierce was elected president in 1852 and backed the fugitive slave act. He believed that the abolitionist movement was a threat to our country's unity. His presidency would ultimately lead to further sectionalism because he was pressured into backing the Kansas-Nebraska act, and this would accelerate the course toward Civil War.

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The Kansas-Nebraska act repealed the Missouri compromise, created two new territories, and allowed for popular sovereignty. Sectionalism escalated because of "bleeding Kansas". There were a series of violent confrontations with weapons between people who supported slavery and those who didn't.

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It began due to a coalition between former Whigs and Free Soilers. The Whig party had split and they wanted to stop the spread of slavery. The party was made up of former Whigs, Free Soilers, and even Democrats. The Northern Whigs would join the Republican party in order to try to stop the spread of slavery, meanwhile the other Whigs disagreed. The promoted sectionalism due to the fact that the Union was mostly Republican, and the Confederacy was mostly Democratic. Republicans wanted slavery to stop expansion, while Democrats wanted it to expand.

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Proslavery and antislavery forces fought following the creation of Kansas. It is thought that 55 people were killed as a result. This would go on to shape American politics and lead to the Civil War, due to this it became very clear that the ongoing problem of slavery would not be able to be figured out without violence. This divided the North and South.

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A proslavery democrat used a walking cane to attack Senator Charles Sumner, who was a Republican abolitionist from Massachusetts. This further proved that the North and South's problems were not to be solved peacefully, and this further separated the North and South as the attacker was a southern man.

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Buchanan refused to take a side on slavery, so his presidency failed to resolve the problem. He declared slavery an issue for states and not for the national government to decide. Buchanan left his successor all of these problems and his failure of any initiative or action for slavery is thought to be one of the main causes of the Civil war.

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Dred Scott was an enslaved African American who unsuccessfully sued for his freedom. This cased denied the legality of citizenship for African Americans, and made it clear to the nation that slavery was to be upheld. This would lead to sectionalism because the verdict outraged abolitionists. The divide between the North and South would keep growing.

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A pro slavery document allowed slavery in the state of Kansas, even though most citizens opposed it. It contained a clause protecting slaveholding and a bill of rights that excluded African Americans, all it did was add to friction dividing people and led to the Civil War.

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Abolitionist John Brown led a small group on a raid in an attempt to start an armed revolt of enslaved people and destroy slavery. 16 people were killed in the raid, including 10 of Brown's men. This further proved the point that the problems between the North and South would not be able to be solved without violence.

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Lincoln won the election with less than 40 percent of the popular vote. The election demonstrated the divide in the United States. Lincoln refused to allow the south to secede and was against the expansion of slavery. The democratic party was split and the election, and this led to Lincoln winning. The election of Lincoln was the last straw before the Civil war, and his refusal to allow the south to secede had to be resolved with violence.

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South Carolina became the first state to secede. This was a result of the election of Abraham Lincoln, this would lead to the Union falling apart and the succession of the rest of the south after them. The controversy of the expansion of slavery was also one of the reasons that led them to secede.

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Unsuccessful proposal to make slavery permanent in the United States, and make it unconstitutional for congressman in the future to end slavery. It failed because it was too radical and stated that the amendments would not be able to be changed in the future and that would be mean slavery would stay in the United States forever.