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1 Scope

Malaysian Standard served as a fundamental criterion for Halal food product and food commerce or company offers practical guidelines for the food industry on the production and handling of halal food in Malaysia.

2 Definitions

For the purposes of this standard, the following definitions apply.

2.1 Shariah law

2.1.1 Shariah law refers to Allah's instructions for the behaviour of those who are answerable (mukallaf) by duty, choice, or al wadh'u.

2.1.2 According to Malaysian law, shariah law is any fatwa that has been approved by the Islamic Authority as well as the laws of Islam found in the Mazhab of Shafie as well as any other Mazhabs of Maliki, Hambali, and Hanafi that have been approved by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong to be in effect in the Federal Territory or the Ruler of any State to be in effect in the state.

2.2 Halal Things or actions permitted by Shariah law without punishment imposed on the doer.

2.3 Halal food Halal food means food and drink and/or their ingredients permitted under the Shariah law and fulfill the following conditions:
a) does not contain any parts or products of animals that are non-halal or products of animals which are not slaughtered according to Shariah law
b) does not contain najs according to Shariah law
c) safe for consumption, non-poisonous and hazardous to health
d) not prepared, processed or manufactured using equipment contaminated with najs according to Shariah law
e) does not contain any human parts or its derivatives that are not permitted by Shariah law
f) during its preparation, processing, handling, packaging, storage and distribution, the food is physically separated from any other food that does not meet the requirements stated in items a), b), c), d) or e) or any other things that have been decreed as najs by Shariah law.

2.4 Najs

2.4.1 Najs according to Shariah law are:
a) dogs and pigs and their descendents
b) halal food that is contaminated with things that are non-halal
c) halal food that comes into direct contact with things that are non-halal
d) any liquid and objects discharged from the orifices of human beings or animals such as urine, blood, vomit, pus, placenta and excrement, sperm and ova of pigs and dogs except sperm and ova of other animals
NOTE (Milk, sperm and ova of human and animals, except dog and pig, are not najs)
e) carrion or ha/al animals that are not slaughtered according to Shariah law
f) khamal and food or drink which contain or mixed with khamar.
2.4.2 There are three types of najs:
a) mughallazah which is considered as severe najs which are dogs and pigs (khinzir including any liquid and objects discharged from their orifices, descendants and derivatives
b) mukhaffafah which is considered as light najs. The only najs in this category is urine from a baby boy at the age of two years and below who has not consumed any other food except his mother's milk
c) mutawassitah which is considered as medium najs which does not falls under severe or light najs such as vomit, pus, blood, khamar, carrion, liquid and objects discharged from the orifices, etc.

2.5 Slaughtering
According to Shariah law, the trachea (halqum), oesophagus (mariJ), and both the carotid arteries and jugular veins (wadajain) must be severed during the slaughter process in order to shorten the animal's bleeding and end.

2.6 Competent authority
organisation with which the government has entrusted the execution of certain tasks in accordance with established specifications.

2.7 Premises
All permanent or temporary buildings and other structures, as well as the land on which they are located and any adjacent land, are used in the preparation, slaughter, processing, handling, packaging, storage, distribution, and sale of any food.

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3.5 Processing of halal food
3.5.1 Sources of halal food and drink
3.5.1.1 Animals
Animals can be divided into two categories:
3.5.1.1.1 Land animals
All land animals are halal as food except the following:
a)  not slaughtered according to Shariah law;
b) pigs and dogs their descendants;
c) animals with long pointed teeth or tusks which are used to kill prey such as tigers, bears,
elephants, cats, monkeys
d) predator birds such as eagles, owls
e) pests or poisonous animals such as rats, cockroaches, centipedes, scorpions,
snakes, wasps and other similar animals;
f) animals that are forbidden to be killed in Islam such as bees (al-nahlah), woodpeckers
(hud-hud),
g) creatures that are considered repulsive such as lice, flies
h) farmed halal animals which are intentionally and continually fed with najs; and
i) other animals forbidden to be eaten in accordance to Shariah law such as donkeys and
mules.
3.5.1.1.2 Aquatic animals
Aquatic animals are those which live in water and cannot survive outside it, such as fish. All
aquatic animals are halal except those that are poisonous, intoxicating or hazardous to
health. Animals that live both on land and water such as crocodiles, turtles and frogs are not
halal.

3.5.1.2 Plants
All types of plants and plant products and their derivatives are hala! except those that are
poisonous, intoxicating or hazardous to health.
3.5.1.3 Mushroom and micro-organisms
All types of mushroom and micro-organisms (Le. bacteria, algae and fungi) and their byproducts
and/or derivatives are halal except those that are poisonous, intoxicating or
hazardous to health.
3.5.1.4 Natural minerals and chemicals
All natural minerals and chemicals are ha!al except those that are poisonous, intoxicating or
hazardous to health.
3.5.1.5 Drinks
All kinds of water and beverages are hala! as drinks except those that are poisonous,
intoxicating or hazardous to health.
3.5.1.6 Genetically modified food (GMF)
Food and drinks containing products and/or by-products of Genetically modified organisms
(GMOs) or ingredients made by the use of genetic material of animals that are non-halal by
Shariah law are not halal.

3.5.2 Slaughtering process
3.5.2.1 The slaughtering process shall take into account animal welfare in accordance to
Shariah law. The following requirements shall also be complied with:
a) slaughtering shall be performed only by a practicing muslim who is mentally sound,
baligh, fully understands the fundamental rules and conditions related to the slaughter of
animals in Islam;
b) the slaughterman shall have certificate for halal slaughter issued by a competent
authority;
c) the act of slaughtering shall be done with niyyah (intention) in the name of Allah and not
for other purposes. The slaughterman is well aware of his action;
d) the animal to be slaughtered has to be an animal that is halal;
e) the animal to be slaughtered shall be alive or deemed to be alive (hayat al-musfaqirrah3) at the time of slaughter;
f) animals to be slaughtered shall be healthy and have been approved by the competent
authority;
g) tasmiyyah has to be invoked immediately before slaughtering;
h) the slaughtering is recommended to be performed while facing the qiblah;
i) slaughtering lines, tools and utensils shall be dedicated for halal slaughter only;
j) slaughtering knife or blade shall be sharp and free from blood and other impurities;
k) slaughtering shall be done only once. The "sawing action" of the slaughtering is permitted
as long as the slaughtering knife or blade is not lifted off the animal during the
slaughtering;
I) bones, nails and teeth shall not be used as slaughtering tools;
m) the act of halal slaughter shall begin with an incision on the neck at some point just below
the glottis (Adam's apple) and after the glottis for long necked animals;
n) the slaughter act shall sever the trachea (halqum), oesophagus (mari) and both the
carotid arteries and jugular veins (wadajain) to hasten the bleeding and death of the
animal (see Figures 1 to 4). The bleeding shall be spontaneous and complete; and
0) a trained Muslim inspector shall be appointed and be responsible to check that the
animals are properly slaughtered according to the Shariah law.
3.5.2.2 For poultry, scalding shall only be carried out on animals that are deemed dead as
a result of halal slaughter.
3.5.2.3 Stunning is not recommended. However if stunning is to be carried out the
conditions specified in Annex A shall be complied

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* The heads of animal to be stunned shall be held still before the stunner can be applied.

* The centre of the stunner shall be in contact with the animal at a point of intersection of lines drawn from the medial comers of the eyes and the base of the ears.

* The stunner shall be applied so that the head of the stunner is perpendicular to the frontal bone.

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Gun Description

* Air pressure that powers the stunner should not be more than 225 psi

* Stunner shall be flat or slightly convex

*Shall be a protective collar around head of the stunner so that it shouldn't protrude more than 3 mm beyond it.

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3.5.3 Processing, handling, distribution and serving
All processed halal food shall meet the following requirements:
a) food or its ingredients shall not be processed using any components or products of
animals that are non-halal by Shariah law or of halal food any components or products of
animals that are not slaughtered according to Shariah law;
b) food shall not be processed using anything in any quantity that is decreed as najs by
Shariah law;
c) processed food or its ingredients shall be safe for consumption, non-poisonous, nonintoxicating
or non-hazardous to health;
d) food shall be prepared, processed or manufactured using equipment and facilities that
are free from contamination with najs; and e) during its preparation, processing, handling, packaging, storage distribution and serving,
it shall be physically separated from any other food that does not meet the requirements
specified in items a), b), c) and/or d) or any other things that are decreed as najs by
Shariah law.

3.6 Storage, transportation, display, sale and servings of halal food
3.6.1 All halal food that are stored, transported, displayed, sold and/or served shall be
categorised and labelled halal and segregated at every stage so as to prevent them from
being mixed or contaminated with things that are non-halal.
3.6.2 Products based on naj al-Mughal/azah shall be stored in dedicated place.
3.6.3 Transportation vehicles such as bonded truck shall be dedicated and
appropriate to the type of the halal food and satisfy hygiene and sanitation condition.

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* The type of stunner used for slaughter of halal animals shall be 'head only stunner' type, where both electrodes are placed on the head region.

* For poultry is allowed by using "water bath stunner" only.

* The strength of current used shall be supervised by a trained muslim and monitored by competent authority.

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3.5.1
Sources halal food and drink
3.5.1.1
Animals divided to 2 categories
: LAND AND AQUATIC

LAND
Haram - not slaughtered according to Shariah law
- pigs and dogs

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Requirements on the use of stunning in slaughter of ruminant and poultry

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Requirements on the use of stunning in slaughter of ruminant and poultry

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* In general, slaughtering shall be carried out according to the requirements related to the slaughter of animals in Islam.

* The animal shall be alive or deemed to be alive (hayat a/-mustaqirrah) at the time of slaughter.

* Two permitted methods are electrical or pneumatic percussive stunning.

* Important information in stunning;-
a - shall be under the supervision of a trained muslim
and periodically monitored by competent authority
b - shall not kill or cause permanent physical injury to the animal