# data[].attributes.body
Hello peeps! it's me Amalina here. My full name is Nuramalina Wafa Binti Mohd Ismail but I am also called "Ama" by some of you ^^. My student number is 2023637346. I don't have much to say but I do hope that this pallet project could help you guys learn more about religion in culture, especially in Malaysia.

# data[].attributes.body
1. Bajau

2. Bugis

3. Iban

4. India Peranakan (Mamak)

5. Orang Asli

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
The picture show Bajau people near their house on the sea 

# data[].attributes.body
Who are the Bajau?

They are known as Sea Gypsies aka Sea Nomads a group of community where they lived on the water in South East Asia. Bajau people are also known for their excellent diving abilities as well as their unique cultural practices.

Introduction of Religion

In Bajau culture, religion plays an important role for all. It can be said that once you are born as Bajau you are also born as a Muslim as there are no such things as non-Muslim in their culture. This is because, the many aspects of Bajau village life, such as the observance of Ramadan and Hari Raya Puasa belong to Islam and it is not difficult to appreciate newcomers once he had converted to Islam. In Bajau, Islam is a common religious belief system and ritual, thus they have attached a shared meaning and purpose to many village activities there. In this way, we can say that Bajau are individualistic people but they share the same identity which is Islam where there is a powerful unity among themselves.

# data[].attributes.body
The traditional belief system of the West Coast Bajau people is animistic in nature where they believe that a variety of spirituals is interacting with humans with both positive and negative impacts. For example, people are not encouraged to go out at night as many spiritual lingering outside at that time. However, most people still believe a variety of both traditional and more current beliefs thus making it difficult to separate them. Moreover, there are still some former beliefs being used among the West Coast Bajau In Bajau, there are five prayer points among them which are spiritual and other strongholds, the reliance on doing good works (usually associated with the Islamic religion) for gaining favor with God. In the mind of the Bajau ethnic, to be a Bajau means you must be a Muslim

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Komuniti Bajau Laut @ Palauh penganut agama Islam: Mufti

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
KOTA KINABALU: Komuniti Bajau Laut @ Palauh di Semporna diklasifikasikan sebagai penganut agama Islam berdasarkan laporan dan tinjauan yang dijalankan oleh Jabatan Hal Ehwal Agama Islam Negeri Sabah (JHEAINS). Mufti Negeri Sabah Datuk Bungsu @ Aziz Jaafar berkata, tinjauan berhubung agama yang dianuti komuniti berkenaan dilaksanakan pihak JHEAINS beberapa tahun yang lepas.

# data[].attributes.body
Like most people in Malaysia, Bajau also can be clarify as Muslim as they belief in Islam and thus they become one of our relative in religion. Awwww... I never know we are relative tsk..tsk

# data[].attributes.body
In Tawi-Tawi, the number of Bajau approximates 1600 where they only cover 4% of the population. In addition, the Tawi are among the most conservative of all Sulu Sama as they reflect the pre-Islamic Sama culture. For example, their sea-borne houses were located far from the land which separated them from the outside of the sea and this actually helped them to preserve their conservative ways. Moreover, this is a significant sign of respect to other Bajau groups in Sulu such as Sitangkai Bajau. Although they are influenced by Sulu Islam, the Tawi-Tawi boat dwellers are still known as"pagans" by the surrounding Muslims and retain their traditional religion.

# data[].attributes.body
Who are they?

They are known as sea traders and legendary warriors from Indonesia. They first came to Malaysia in the 16th century and settled in various parts of Malaysia in the states of Johor, Selangor, and Pulau Pinang. In the 1700, they dominated Selangor's politics and economy. This has made The 18th century has been called the "Age of the Bugis." as many successful and well known people during this century are Bugis people. Moreover they also able to become a king where it place in Selangor.

# data[].attributes.body
Citation

1. NIMMO, H. A. (1990). Religious Beliefs of the Tawi-Tawi Bajau. Philippine Studies, 38(1), 3–27. http://www.jstor.org/stable/42633161

News and Other sources

1. https://www.utusanborneo.com.my/2021/02/03/komuniti-bajau-laut-palauh-penganut-agama-islam-mufti

2. https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/12978/MY

3. https://www.peoplegroups.org/Explore/groupdetails.aspx?peid=19332#:~:text=This%20people%20group%20is%20only,the%20rightful%20successors%20of%20Muhammad.

Youtube

1. https://www.youtube.com/live/D4vx-iNP9Mw?si=Xt4nSCLUKPZuE0s2

Tabawan: The Island of Pre-Islamic Rituals and Traditional Practices in Tawi-Tawi

# data[].attributes.body
Introduction to Religion

Bugis are one of the early converts to Buddhism but later converted to Islam in the early 1600s. Furthermore, In Bugis, superstition is a strong belief in daily life as there are many do and don`t which are associated with pregnancy, childbirth, eating, fishing, and opening windows. For example, when dressing, buttons are fastened beginning at the bottom, but unfastened from the top to the bottom. This shows that they are rich in tradition.

# data[].attributes.headline
Between Religion Islam and Protestant Church 

# data[].attributes.subject
Between Religion Islam and Protestant Church 

# data[].attributes.body
Anto Lucas and Chris De Jong treat the Mukhdi Akbar movement in Selayar where this is in contrast with patuntung belief system of highland Goa which treated by Rottger-Rossler and Rossler is root in mystical concept of Islam. In fact, this movement happen as a protest against the traditional extraction demanded both in Selayar by adat and Islamic funtional. Lucas and Chris collab with the leaders of Protestan Church to strengthen their power against refomist of Islam during ealry independance period to post 1966-developments.

In their account, both leaders also stress on the mystical content of the movement`s teachings where emphasis upon union of all pervasive divine essences through enlightenment adepts and religious path such as worlds(alam) and states(zaman)until to the final revelation of the truth. However, what make it irony is the emphasis principal of "Isa"(Jesus) as the source of all mystical and divine revelation which 'led Protestant Dutch missionaries mistakenly to consider the movement as converging with the Christianity and begin the ill-intention campaign of proselytization in the thirties.

# data[].attributes.headline
TIMETABLE FOR PERCENTAGE ABOUT RELIGION OF BUGIS PEOPLE

# data[].attributes.subject
TIMETABLE FOR PERCENTAGE ABOUT RELIGION OF BUGIS PEOPLE

# data[].attributes.body
Primary Religion:

Islam

Major Religion ▲

Percent

Buddhism

0.00 %

Christianity  (Evangelical 0.00 %)

0.00 %

Ethnic Religions

0.00 %

Hinduism

2.00 %

Islam

98.00 %

Non-Religious

0.00 %

Other / Small

0.00 %

Unknown

From this schedule , we can see that Bugis people have different belief and religion with Islam being the majority while others being minority.

# data[].attributes.body
Citation

1. Introduction. (2000). Bijdragen Tot de Taal-, Land- En Volkenkunde, 156(3), 379–391. http://www.jstor.org/stable/27865645

News and other sources

1. https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/10985/MY

2. http://www.sabrizain.org/malaya/library/bugisreligion.pdf

3. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bugis

4. https://www.peoplegroups.org/Explore/groupdetails.aspx?peid=48662

Video

1. https://youtube.com/shorts/kFgszmOLQO4?si=9gUhyyF5-ExZrTJ3

# data[].attributes.body
They are a branch of the Dayak peoples of Borneo located in Sarawak, part of Sabah, and some west in Malaysia Iban also formerly known as Sea Dayak during the British colonial era. A long time ago, they were a very strong and successful warring tribe, the Ibans were a very feared tribe in Borneo. They speak the Iban language. Today, they are the largest people group in Sarawak and are one of the main indigenous people groups in the neighboring country, Brunei Darussalam.

# data[].attributes.body
Like any other ethnic , at first the Iban also are an animists where some of them are still hold to the traditional ritual and belief where it mainly relate to agricultural and rice field. This day, many of them are still Christians but there minority people who marrying into Malay family and this is a common sight to see a mixed of traditional Iban and Islamic Iban lived together especially in their modern longhouse in this day.

# data[].attributes.body
They have their own traditional religious system called "pengarap Iban". The unified pantheon of the Iban religion is headed by Petara who is the supreme deity or principal God, Raja petara, also known as Entala or Keri Raja petara

Below are the names of the seven deities that they believe in.

1. Sengalang Burong the god of war

2. Biku Bunsu Petara (female) the high priest

3. Sempulang Gana the god of agriculture along with his father-in-law Semarugah the god of land

4. Selempandai/Selempeta/Selempetoh the god of creation and procreation.

5. Menjaya Manang the god of health and shamanism is the first manang Bali

6. Anda Mara the god of wealth and fortune.

7. Ini Andan/Inee (female) the natural-born doctor and the god of justice

# data[].attributes.body
Some of ilustration gods that they belief

# data[].attributes.body
News and other sources

1. https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/12167/MY

2. https://ibancustoms.wordpress.com/iban-history-in-brief/

# data[].attributes.body
They are an ethnic group found primarily within the Malaysian state of Penang and in Singapore. India Peranakan are remembered for setting up the first Malay newspaper in Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia and China, the Jawi Peranakan and their influences on Malay culture.

# data[].attributes.body
India Peranakan is an ethnic group found primarily within the Malaysian state of Penang and in Singapore. They are remembered for setting up the first Malay newspaper in Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, and China, the Jawi Peranakan, and their influences on Malay culture. They are of Indian origin, and most of them practice the religion of Islam, as they largely hail from the southern regions of India, especially Tamil Nadu, and speak Tamil, though that is changing with further assimilation into Malaysian culture.

# data[].attributes.body
Religion and belief

India Peranakan/mamak who have inter-married Malays for generations and have actually become Malays. They can only be identified from their mamak ancestry by their mamak-sounding names like Merican, Shah, Syed, Sheikh, or by their 'Indian' appearances.

# data[].attributes.body
https://youtu.be/gmx_BE6Zfkk?si=dLsuofl9irFWtq6q

# data[].attributes.body
News and other sources

1. https://kryssieismalaysian.wordpress.com/2015/03/21/the-peranakan-culture-in-malaysia/

2. http://georgetownstreet.blogspot.com/2010/01/malaysian-indian-muslim.html

3. https://theearlymalaydoctors.blogspot.com/2010/10/identities-and-ethinicities.html

4. https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-a-Mamak-and-an-Indian-in-Malaysia#:~:text=Mamak%20%3A,from%20Tamil%20Nadu%20and%20Kerala.

Youtube

1. https://youtu.be/gmx_BE6Zfkk?si=dLsuofl9irFWtq6q

# data[].attributes.body
Known as native people, original people in Malaysia. They are one of the oldest ethnic in the Peninsular. In 2017, Orang Asli accounted for 0.7% of the population of Malaysia, which is approximately 198,000 people.

# data[].attributes.body
In the Orang Asli community, they are made from different religions such as Muslims, animists,s and Christians. Orang Asli are free to choose their own religion. 70% practice traditional animist religions, about 10% are Christian, and 15-20% Muslim, though the number or Orang Asli who are Muslim has been steadily increasing in recent years, especially among the Proto-Malay.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Orang Asli Indigenous People of Malaysia-Many are Baha'is *Steadfast*

# data[].attributes.body
News and other sources

1. https://minorityrights.org/minorities/orang-asli/

2. https://www.malaysiakini.com/letters/482646

3. https://peacefulsocieties.uncg.edu/2006/07/20/orang-asli-religions-and-cultures-challenged/

Youtube

1. https://youtu.be/OrVuxenAV08?si=nMyhj5f-Qm-sYfoL

# data[].attributes.headline
Below is my reflection both in Pdf and Word

# data[].attributes.subject
Below is my reflection both in Pdf and Word