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I am fascinated by the connections between propaganda and indoctrination - how these are similar and different. In particular, I want to explore how propaganda, long-term, becomes indoctrination, and I am curious about whether people are able to question/resist propaganda, and whether they are able to question/resist indoctrination.

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Type the Topic you decided on in your written Topic Brainstorming

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Source: Stalin/Putin packet

Context: In recent history, the Russian government has been known to spread misinformation and propaganda to glorify Putin and to influence what people believe. Russia invaded Ukraine in February 2022. Putin justified the invasion by claiming that Ukraine was historically a part of Russia and that people in Ukraine wanted to be under Russian control.

Evidence:"Ukraine plays a significant role in the drama of anger and fear portrayed on Russian news. According to Russian propaganda, Ukraine is considered a fake country with no history or legitimacy, weaponized by declining Western powers against Russia. The Russian government successfully conceals its crimes from its own citizens through the use of specialized language. The invasion of Ukraine is labeled a "special military operation," and mass murder is portrayed as "protection" for eastern Ukraine residents. By avoiding terms like genocide, the Russian government frames its actions as defense against a supposed genocide perpetrated by the Ukrainian regime."

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Create a green sticky note. Choose at least 3 of the questions below to answer on that note.
1. Which pieces of evidence are very similar?
2. Which ones are outliers (seem different)?
3. What do your pieces of evidence show about how leaders control people?
4. What does your evidence show about the impacts or consequences of control on people?
5. What connections does your evidence show between control methods?
6. What does your evidence show about how damaging/effective certain methods of control are?

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Please gather 5 pieces of evidence: 2 from English, 2 from History, and 1 of your choice.

Create a sticky note for each piece of evidence. Color code by making the ENGLISH evidence red and the HISTORY evidence yellow.

You can copy and paste direct quotes or summaries from the class Padlet or from the electronic versions of the texts (linked on the Essay Resource Page)

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indoctrination - somehow changes the personality of kids so that all normal frustrations, etc get channeled into the goals of the Party

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indoctrination - somehow changes the personality of kids so that all normal frustrations, etc get channeled into the goals of the Party

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1984, page 24

Context: Winston had a quick stop at the Parson's residence, when their children randomly started calling him a thought criminal and were mad they couldn't go to a public hanging.

Quote: "What was worst of all was that by means of such organizations as the Spies they were systematically turned into ungovernable little savages, and yet this produced in them no tendency whatever to rebel against the discipline of the Party... All their ferocity was turned outwards, against the enemies of the State, against foreigners, traitors, saboteurs, thought-criminals."

Could also connect to surveillance, propaganda, scapegoating, and terror

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Step 4: Turn your topic into a thesis statement OR a question. 

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Step 4: Turn your topic into a thesis statement OR a question. 

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Create a purple sticky note with your working thesis/question.
Option 1: turn topic into a thesis statement

Connection statement (___ tactic  connects to ___ tactic because ____)

Cause and effect statement (_____ leads to ___ impact because _______)

The most  ___ (Important, damaging, effective) tactic is _____ because __________

Or other

Option 2: turn topic in a question..

How does ______ connect to _______?

How does ____ impact ____?

What is the most (damaging , important, effective )___ and why?

How are __ and __ connected?

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Indoctrination - Newspeak leads to unconsciousness/no thought - that is pure Orthodoxy (belief in the Party)

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Indoctrination - Newspeak leads to unconsciousness/no thought - that is pure Orthodoxy (belief in the Party)

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Source: 1984 Ch5 pg 53

Context: Syme is describing how language will drastically change for future generations of people in 1984.

Quote: "The whole climate of thought will be different. In fact there will be no thought, as we understand it now. Orthodoxy means not thinking - not needing to think. Orthodoxy is unconsciousness."

Other Control Tactics: Propaganda, Leader as God-Like Figure, Censorship.

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Move other evidence off to the side.
You want to keep the evidence that: best supports your thesis/question and is "juicy" (quotes that can be interpreted in multiple different ways).

Double check: paraphrase quotes to make sure they connect to your thesis statement/question. Look up all words you do not know. Ask any questions you may have about your evidence.

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Propaganda - Jun-Sang didn't know if he could even trust the information he got from SK news; he was so used to getting twisted information from NK

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Propaganda - Jun-Sang didn't know if he could even trust the information he got from SK news; he was so used to getting twisted information from NK

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eden + elsa

source: Nothing to Envy (Jun-sang) pg. 194

context: Jun-sang explaining how he was watching/listening to South Korean tv and what he learned from it.

quote: "Listening to South Korean television was like looking in the mirror for the first time in your life and realizing you were unattractive. North Koreans were always told theirs was the proudest country in the world, but the rest of the world considered it a pathetic, bankrupt regime. Jun-sang knew people were starving. He knew that people were dragged off to labor camps; but he had never before heard these figures. Surely South korean new reports were exaggerated, just like North Korean  propaganda?"

this also connects to: propaganda, censorship

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Propaganda - telescreens tell Winston and others statistics about how well they're doing, but also about what other people are doing - celebrating, supporting, etc. "Facts" + peer pressure.

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Propaganda - telescreens tell Winston and others statistics about how well they're doing, but also about what other people are doing - celebrating, supporting, etc. "Facts" + peer pressure.

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Source: 1984, page 59

Context: A telescreen is spewing information while Winston and his coworkers are having lunch at work.

Quote: "All over Oceania this morning there were irrepressible spontaneous demonstrations when workers marched out of factories and offices and paraded through the streets with banners voicing their gratitude to Big Brother for the new, happy life which his wise leadership has bestowed upon us. Here are some of the completed figures. Foodstuffs-" The phrase 'our new, happy life' recurred several times. It had been a favorite of late with the Ministry of Plenty.

Could also work for: Indoc

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Indoctrination - George is smart but even he appears to have bought into the idea that competition was the "dark ages" and bad

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Indoctrination - George is smart but even he appears to have bought into the idea that competition was the "dark ages" and bad

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Source: harrison bergeron chunk 1

context: they are discussing cheating the laws and are talking about why it would be bad.

Quote: ¨if i tried to get away with it,¨ said George, then other people´d get away with it-and pretty soon we´d be right back to the dark ages again, with everybody competing against everybody else, you wouldn't like that would you?¨

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Propaganda - Putin is video conferencing directly with students to try to improve Russia's image

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Propaganda - Putin is video conferencing directly with students to try to improve Russia's image

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Quote: "An hour of weekly state-mandated "patriotic" education called "talks about important things" is another war-time novelty- to open the school year Putin held a session via video Friday, telling students that Russia was just as "invincible" now as it was during World War II."

Context: Putin wants to win the students over by telling them fake facts and they will believe it.

Could also relate to Indoctrination

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1. My first pieces of evidence are similar because they all deal with textbooks and speeches in which the government tries to portray itself in a good light.

My middle section is similar because those pieces of evidence show people sort of believing the messages from the propaganda, but sort of not believing them.

My third section is similar because it shows people who are no longer questioning - the ways that thought is changed over time as a result of years of propaganda.

5. The stuff in the middle shows that without active support for other points of view, it's hard to maintain a critical viewpoint.

6. My last quote, from Syme, talks about the connection between orthodoxy - that is, full belief in the Party's messages - and unconsciousness. The warning is that constant propaganda leads to indoctrination, which is the same as the erasure of human creative thought.

This is making me think about how uncomfortable it is for me when I disagree with people politically or morally, but maybe how healthy that discomfort is?

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Propaganda leads to indoctrination - that is, an unquestioning belief in the government - through time, repetition, and choking out other messages.

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1. My two propaganda examples are similar because they both deal with the government pushing positive messaging out to people through media messaging.

My three indoctrination examples are similar because they all show what people look like after having been exposed to propaganda for a long time - they stop doubting, accept the basic premises of the government, and even perpetuate the messages through their own actions.

2. One example that feels different is my quote for Jun-Sang - he's kind of in this in-between place. On one hand, he's getting information from outside of NK that makes him doubt his own country's narrative. But on the other hand, he seems doubtful about how much he should trust the SK narrative - is this just propaganda too? He seems to be scarred, almost, from being exposed to so much false information and feels like he doesn't know how to recognize the truth when he sees it.

5. What connections does your evidence show between control methods?
My evidence shows the types of propaganda people in dictatorships are exposed to - media messages and school lessons that say the country is wonderful, strong, fair, properous. Jun-Sang's example shows how even getting counter-evidence can not necessarily be enough to counter-balance this biased information - he is actively seeking the truth, but isn't sure he can trust it. And then my last group shows that eventually propaganda leads to the outcome of indoctrination - indoctrination feels less like a control tactic than just a descriptor of someone who has lost the ability to think independently.

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Propaganda leads to indoctrination - that is, an unquestioning belief in the government - through time, repetition, and choking out other messages.