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In February of 2021, the winter storm known as Uri hit Texas. Soon after it hit the power went out. This left people hopeless in freezing temperatures. It also effect the natural environment by freezing all of the land. The economy also lost billions...

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In February of 2021, Texas experienced something that was unbelievable to most. There was a winter storm that brought freezing temperatures throughout most of Texas. Because of this period of time, electricity demand went through the roof. 3 severe winter storms swept across the united states. The people in Texas were stunned when there was no electricity. With the freezing temperatures and no electricity, the people and environment was doomed.

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The people were left in a total crisis. As power went out, everyone got desperate. Lighting fires for the first time and even starting there stoves to create heat. Still the people did not realize the major problem. The gas being released from the stoves ended up killing more then 40 people. Not only that, but if someone did not have a home during this time, there bodies would literally freeze in place. The official DEATH count was 210 but it is said over 700 could be related to this crisis.

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Homeless person trying to stay out of the Cold.

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Homeless person trying to stay out of the Cold.

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This did not just leave physical damage on the people. The land itself was just as doomed. When the 3 severe storms went over Texas it left a deep freeze on everything, the plants, and the animals. It could take many years for these things to return back to normal.

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A look from above of how it effected the land.

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A look from above of how it effected the land.

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The 2021 power crisis in Texas had a huge impact on the economy. As the disaster amount continues to by added up still to this day, it is believed that the amount will fall in between 80-130 billion dollars. This amount is due to the power outage, and the infrastructure damage.

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Texas addressed the 2021 freeze by passing legislation and requiring power companies to be winterized so this hopefully would not happen again. This also created stricter penalties for anyone who does not do this in the future. This also restructured the ERCOT grid operator. This all should lead to less problems in the future.

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Video explaining how it happened and why it was so life changing.

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Video explaining how it happened and why it was so life changing.

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How Texas Power Outage Happened in the Winter Storm, Feb 2021

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The average temperature of the state of Texas is 68.8 degrees Fahrenheit. Temperatures dropped to as low as -2 Fahrenheit in places like Dallas and Fort Worth. In other places like College Station and Houston, the temperatures varied between 0-15 degrees Fahrenheit. Most people that live in environments with warm temperatures, are not typically ready for extreme weather situations like this. If the people would of been more prepared, the results could of ended very differently. This also effected the natural environment. The plants of Texas known as ",drought-tolerant native plants like Lantana, Texas Sage, and Autumn Sage, as well as popular choices for heat tolerance such as cacti, agave, Black-eyed Susan, and Gulf Coast Muhly, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Texas_power_crisis)" are plants that are known for living in dry hot conditions. In cold ones, you can imagine what would happen to these plants and the animals in the surrounding area.

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Power generation in Texas by source during the storm

In February 2021, the state of Texas suffered a major power crisis, which came about during three severe winter storms sweeping across the United States on February 10-11, 13-17, and 15-20. The storms triggered the worst energy infrastructure failure in Texas state history, leading to shortages of water, food, and heat. More than 4.5 million homes and businesses were left without power, some for several days. At least 246 people were killed directly or indirectly, with some estimates as high as 702 killed as a result of the crisis.

State officials, including governor Greg Abbott, initially blamed the outages on frozen wind turbines and solar panels. Data showed that failure to winterize power sources, principally natural gas infrastructure but also to a lesser extent wind turbines, had caused the grid failure, with a drop in power production from natural gas more than five times greater than that from wind turbines. Texas's power grid has long been separate from the two major national grids to avoid federal oversight, though it is still connected to the other national grids and Mexico's; the limited number of ties made it difficult for the state to import electricity from other states during the crisis. Deregulation of its electricity market beginning in the 1990s resulted in competition in wholesale electricity prices, but also cost cutting for contingency preparation.

The crisis drew much attention to the state's lack of preparedness for such storms, and to a report from U.S. federal regulators ten years earlier that had warned Texas that its power plants would fail in sufficiently cold conditions. Damages due to the cold wave and winter storm were estimated to be at least $195 billion, likely the most expensive disaster in the state's history. According to the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT), the Texas power grid was "seconds or minutes away from" complete failure when partial grid shutdowns were implemented. During the crisis, some energy firms made billions in profits, while others went bankrupt, due to some firms being able to pass extremely high wholesale prices ($9,000/MWh, typically $50/MWh) on to consumers, while others could not, as well as this price being held at the $9,000 cap by ERCOT for allegedly two days longer than necessary; creating $16 billion in unnecessary charges.

In 2011, Texas was hit by the Groundhog Day blizzard between February 1 and 5, resulting in rolling blackouts across more than 75% of the state. Many roads around Houston were impassable, and boil-water advisories were issued in several areas. Following this disaster, the North American Electric Reliability Corporation made several recommendations for upgrading Texas's electrical infrastructure to prevent a similar event occurring in the future, but these recommendations were ignored due to the cost of winterizing the systems. At the time the blackouts and failures in the power grid were likened to those that occurred in December 1989, after which similar recommendations were made to the state government and ERCOT, which were similarly ignored. On August 16, 2011, a 357-page report was released by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission in response to the February 2011 power outage in Texas.

In mid-February 2021, a series of severe winter storms swept across the United States. This outbreak was due to the polar jet stream dipping particularly far south into the U.S., stretching from Washington to Texas, and running back north along the East Coast, allowing a polar vortex to bring very cold air across the country, and spawning multiple storms along the jet stream track as a result. This weather phenomenon resulted in record low temperatures throughout Texas, with temperatures in Dallas, Austin, Houston and San Antonio falling below temperatures in Anchorage, Alaska.

Snow covering grounds of the Texas Capitol on February 15, 2021

On February 10, a winter storm formed north of the Gulf coast, dropping significant amounts of sleet and ice on many states in the Deep South and the Ohio Valley, including Texas, Georgia, Louisiana, Arkansas, Tennessee, as well as states on the East Coast. A second storm developed off the Pacific Northwest on February 13 and began to gradually develop into an organized storm as it tracked southward toward Texas. It grew even more organized as it turned toward the northeast U.S. before splitting in half - one half continuing into Quebec and the other moving out over the Atlantic Ocean. This storm, along with various other storms from the previous two weeks, resulted in over 75% of the contiguous U.S. being covered in snow. This storm was directly responsible for nearly 10 million people losing power, with 5.2 million in the U.S. and 4.7 million in Mexico. A third winter storm caused an additional 4 million power outages, and 29 deaths, with 23 in the U.S. and 6 in Mexico. At least 246 people lost their lives during the winter storms.

Natural gas prices spiked to $23.86 on February 17, 2021[40]
In February 2003 there was a similar spike in natural gas prices because of shortages[41]

Reduced electricity from coal, nuclear, and wind power plants contributed to the shortage on February 15 and afterwards.[42]

The winter storm caused a record low temperature at Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport of −2 °F (−19 °C) on February 16, the coldest in North Texas in 72 years. Most Texan homes, which infrequently see low temperatures, have poor insulation and are heated with inefficient electric resistance heaters, resulting in extremely high electricity demand. Power equipment in Texas was not winterized, leaving it vulnerable to extended periods of cold weather. Natural gas power generating facilities had equipment freeze up and faced shortages of fuel. Texas Governor Greg Abbott and some other politicians initially said renewable energy sources were the cause for the power outages, citing frozen wind turbines as an example of their unreliability. Viral images of a helicopter de-icing a wind turbine said to be in Texas were actually taken in 2015 in Sweden. However, wind energy accounts for only 23% of Texas power output; moreover, equipment for other energy sources such as natural gas power generating facilities either freezing up or having mechanical failures were also responsible. Governor Abbott later acknowledged that coal, natural gas, and nuclear plants had played a role. Five times more natural gas than wind power had been lost. When power was cut, it disabled some compressors that push gas through pipelines, knocking out further gas plants due to lack of supply.

ERCOT was aware on February 13 that blackouts would be likely and the grid would have to shut off more than 10% of its demand. The next day, electricity demand exceeded 67.2 gigawatts, higher than what the grid operator had ever planned for in extreme winter weather. Overnight ERCOT ordered utilities to drop several thousand megawatts of load, but the grid frequency continued to drop as demand exceeded supply. The grid came within minutes of overloading and shutting down completely, which would have required a slow and costly black start.

During the 2011 Groundhog Day blizzard, Texas had faced similar power outages due to frozen power equipment, after which the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission reported that more winterization of power infrastructure was necessary. ERCOT said that some generators since then implemented new winter "best practices," but these were on a voluntary basis and mandatory regulation had not been established. This is likely due to ERCOT's independence of the FERC therefore not having the necessary budget to upgrade the power grid to withstand colder weather after the recommendation during efforts to increase renewable energy sources.

Unlike other power interconnections, Texas does not require a reserve margin of power capacity beyond what is expected. A 2019 North American Electric Reliability Corporation report found that ERCOT had a low anticipated reserve margin of generation capacity and was the only part of the country without sufficient resources available to meet projected peak summer electricity demand.

Natural gas production and price

There was not only insufficient power generation capacity online, but also insufficient natural gas supply to the power plants. The failure of some gas distribution infrastructure, which had not been adequately winterized, resulted in exceedingly high prices for natural gas. Some gas compressor stations lost power when utilities began shutdowns, and overall gas supply fell by 85%. University of Texas professor Michael Webber said, "This is the moral hazard of the market which is when wind or solar or coal or nuclear underperforms, they lose money. And when gas power plants underperform they lose money. But when the gas producers underperform, they made money. And this is why the gas system gets a pass, which is it's very lucrative for it to fail, and that lucrative return shows up as political donations that curries favor that really gets the statewide officials to turn a blind eye to it."

By February 17, at least 21 people died from causes related to the winter storm. By February 19, the number was updated to at least 32 people who died, with deaths linked to carbon monoxide poisoning, car crashes, drownings, house fires and hypothermia. On February 21, the death toll had increased to 70. As of January 2, 2022, the total loss of life was reported to be 246, with deaths in 77 counties. Victims included children less than a year old to elderly up to 102 years old. Reports found that almost two-thirds died of hypothermia and that 148 deaths were directly caused by the storm, 92 deaths were indirectly caused by the storm, and 6 deaths were found as possibly caused by the storm.

In addition to equipment problems, demand for electricity in Texas hit a record 69,692 megawatts (MW) on February 14 - 3,200 MW higher than the previous record set in January 2018 and 12,329 MW higher than its current capacity. The Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) initiated rotating outages at 1:25am on February 15. However, a retrospective Houston Chronicle article a year later said peak demand was even higher: 76,819 megawatts on Feb. 16, 2021.

The rotating outages prevented electricity demand from overwhelming the grid, a scenario which could have caused equipment to catch fire and power lines to go down, potentially resulting in a much more severe blackout. At the peak, over 5 million people in Texas were without power, with 11 million experiencing an outage at some point, some for more than 3 days.

During the period of outages, the wholesale electric price was set to $9,000/ megawatt-hour which was the "system cap" set by ERCOT, compared to a more typical $25/MWh. Customers with pricing plans based on wholesale prices who had power faced large bills. Some Griddy customers signed up for wholesale variable rates plans allowed by the Texas deregulated electricity market found themselves facing over $5,000 bills for five days of service during the storm. Wholesale prices were kept at an artificially inflated level of $9,000 for about four days, an amount normally only hit momentarily, in fear of instability even after electricity demand dropped. Total Texas electricity costs on February 16 alone reached $10.3 billion, greater than the $9.8 billion spent in all of 2020. The legislature allowed issuance of about $5 billion in bonds to pay for it, or $200 per Texan. The then-CEO of ERCOT testified under oath that Governor Abbot had ordered power prices to stay at this level, which led to the bankruptcy of the Brazos Electric co-op.

Amateur video footage of rows of empty shelves in a Texas Walmart grocery store

Water service was disrupted for more than 12 million people due to pipes freezing and bursting. More than 200,000 people in Texas live in areas where water systems were completely non-operational. On February 17, residents of Austin were asked not to drip their faucets despite the risk of pipes freezing as the demand for water in the city was more than 2.5 times the amount supplied on the previous day. The city had lost more than 325 million US gallons (1.23×10 ⁹ L) of water due to burst pipes by February 18, according to Austin Water Director Greg Meszaros. Nearly 12 million people were advised to boil their tap water before consumption due to low water pressure throughout the pipe network.

Due to the inclement weather conditions and extensive power outages, most grocery stores statewide could not keep up with the increased demand for food and sundry items. Many stores were forced to close due to lack of power; the few that remained open completely ran out of most staple food items like bread, milk, and eggs. Officials also warned that the shortages could be long term, stating that 60% of the region's grapefruit crop and 100% of the orange crop were lost due to the weather.

An intersection in Austin flooded because of broken plumbing

Plumbing in buildings throughout the state burst due to freezing. Structures were damaged by water and streets were flooded. A shortage of plumbers, in part due to excessive licensing requirements kept in place by Governor Abbott despite the legislature removing them, led to months-long waits for repairs.

Significant releases of pollutants due to stopping and starting fossil fuel infrastructure such as chemical plants and fuel refineries were reported. These included one ton of the carcinogen benzene, two tons of sulfur dioxide, 12 tons of natural gas, and 34 tons of carbon monoxide.

The combination of below freezing temperatures with no power for heat led people to undertake dangerous ways of heating their homes. Deaths attributed to the storm include cases of carbon monoxide poisoning from people running their cars or generators indoors for heating. At least 300 cases of carbon monoxide poisoning were reported.

A line to enter a Texas pharmacy on February 16

Due to the continued power outages across the state, many were faced with freezing temperatures in their homes. The freezing temperatures potentially caused the death of an 11-year old boy, an 84-year-old widow, and a 75-year-old veteran, among others. Zoo, domesticated, and wild animals were also at risk due to the low temperatures with animal sanctuaries and veterinary clinics identifying an increase in hypothermia cases in the animals.

In an effort to alleviate the energy shortage, Governor Abbott ordered natural gas producers not to export gas out of state and to sell it within Texas instead. He also called for the resignation of ERCOT leaders.

Colorado City, Texas, Mayor Tim Boyd faced extreme backlash after he made comments criticizing citizens for not preparing for the winter storm and stating: "the strong will survive and the weak will perish." He resigned following the controversy.

Senator Ted Cruz faced heavy scrutiny over his trip to Cancún, Mexico. Though he initially claimed he was dropping off his wife and daughters, text messages from his wife revealed the hastily planned nature of the trip as an escape from the freezing conditions. He received condemnation from his political allies and rivals for leaving the state during a crisis and traveling internationally during the COVID-19 pandemic. Later that day, he returned back to Texas admitting that the vacation was a mistake, receiving further criticism for appearing to blame his young daughters for the trip, claiming they begged him to go. Cruz on February 22 tweeted the news about the hike of electricity rates in Texas, calling "(s)tate and local regulators should act swiftly to prevent this injustice". This was criticized as hypocrisy because Cruz had been a strong advocate of the Texan power grid deregulation, one of the major cited reasons which led to this mass power outage.

President Joe Biden visits the Harris County Emergency Operations Center in Houston following the crisis, February 25, 2021

On February 14, President Biden declared that an emergency existed in the State of Texas, authorizing the Department of Homeland Security and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) to provide emergency assistance throughout Texas. FEMA sent 60 generators, as well as water and blankets, to the state.

Local churches, community centers and other locations opened warming stations for affected individuals as well as asked for physical and monetary donations to help those affected. Several local mutual aid groups responded with supply delivery and distribution, particularly in the hard-hit Houston and Austin areas. Celebrities such as Beyoncé and Reese Witherspoon teamed up with companies to provide monetary relief, donated personally, and supplied donation links to their social media followers to raise relief and awareness. Through his " We're Texas" virtual benefit concert, Matthew McConaughey and his wife Camila Alves McConaughey raised over $7.7 million to continue support for those affected by the storm.

Power outages in Harris County, Texas's largest county and one of its most affected, returned to normal around February 22, 2021. Boil-water advisories lasted in some areas of Texas until February 27, 2021.

On February 16, 2021, Governor Greg Abbott declared that ERCOT reform is an emergency priority for the state legislature, and there would be an investigation of the power outage to determine long-term solutions. The legislature held hearings with power plant chief executives, but not with natural gas industry leaders.

The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission is investigating anomalies in the natural gas market, where companies may have illegally manipulated prices. Intrastate pipelines are not required to report their tariffs like interstate pipelines, making it harder to investigate. FERC was unable to say if there was price gouging. Texas attorney general Ken Paxton has not announced investigations into energy prices.

The ERCOT board of directors voted to fire its CEO, Bill Magness, who turned down his $800,000 severance package.

ERCOT admitted that there could be blackouts in winter 2022, reporting that there was enough generation for "normal" winter weather.

On March 1, 2021, DeAnn T. Walker, the chairwoman of the Public Utility Commission (PUC), the Texas agency responsible for overseeing ERCOT and the state's electricity grid, resigned after a week of tough questioning from Texas legislators at a round of hearings. Governor Greg Abbott, who had originally appointed Walker, filled the vacant chairperson position by promoting PUC Commissioner Arthur D'Andrea two days later. On March 9, 2021, D'Andrea was recorded reassuring utility investors that he would protect their profits in a 48-minute call that was later leaked to the press. D'Andrea resigned his post a week later, two hours after the call was leaked. At issue is $16 billion in alleged overcharges that accrued when the PUC issued orders requiring ERCOT set the price of electricity at the $9,000-a-megawatt-hour maximum for nearly two days after widespread outages ended late the night of February 17 instead of resetting the prices the following day. Power generation entities benefited from the inflated prices, but retail companies and entities that buy the generated power to sell directly to consumers have gone bankrupt.

In March 2021, the Texas State Legislature introduced a package of bills that would put measures in place to prevent a future power outage in extreme temperatures. House Bill 11 defined extreme weather conditions to provide a guideline for regulators and industry to design around, and House Bill 14 would create the Texas Supply Chain Security and Mapping Committee to prioritize energy needs during extreme weather, but neither bill passed.

In May, the Legislature approved House Bill 4492, which sets up a loan plan for power companies but which excluded direct credits for consumers, and Senate Bill 3, which includes a requirement of certain gas facilities to weatherize. SB 3 limited weatherization requirements to "critical" facilities and excluded an amendment to provide grants for backup power at health care facilities. The original version of the bill would have fined facilities that failed to weatherize, hired a hundred inspectors to ensure compliance, and created a committee to determine the most important gas facilities to power plants, but these provisions were removed by the Texas House of Representatives. Democratic proposals to require energy conservation, increase penalties for failing to weatherize, and require progress within six months of enactment were excluded. Governor Abbott said "everything that needed to be done was done to fix the power grid in Texas" when he signed the bill.

On June 8, 2021, Governor Abbott signed two bills to address Texas's power grid, Senate Bills 2 and 3. SB 2 changed the number of directors on ERCOT's Board from 16 to 11 and gives the state's politicians greater influence over the board.

The Railroad Commission then proposed a rule that would allow gas companies to claim their facilities were not prepared for winter operation and exempt themselves from weatherizing. This was condemned in a Senate committee hearing and replaced by a rule proposal without the opt-out provision, but it will not be finalized by winter 2022 and may not be strong enough.

On February 16, 2021, the Texas PUC set wholesale electricity prices at $9,000 per megawatt-hour to, according to the commission, reflect the need for an increase in electricity production for the aftermath of the winter storm. Because of this, Texans collectively have to pay roughly $37.7 billion in electric bills in the aftermath of the deadly winter storm.

On February 19, 2021, a lawsuit was filed in Nueces County and raised allegations against ERCOT, claiming that there were repeated warnings of weaknesses in the state's electric power infrastructure that were ignored. Also named in the lawsuit was the American Electric Power utility company. An additional lawsuit against ERCOT was filed in Fort Bend County. The company has raised claims of sovereign immunity to the legal cases, a legal principle that protects some government agencies from lawsuits if the money spent on legal fees would disrupt "key government services". This defense has been used by ERCOT in other legal cases, and has been upheld by courts.

A class action lawsuit was filed against Texas electricity retailer Griddy for potential price gouging by a Chambers County resident after receiving a $9,000 bill for electricity during the week of the storm, compared to an average $200 bill.

CPS Energy in San Antonio filed a lawsuit against Energy Transfer Partners saying it committed price gouging, charging $500 per MMBTU rather than a "reasonable" $40.

Despite investigations and legislation after the power crisis that killed hundreds, as of January 2022, little has changed in the electricity system and Texas remains at risk of major blackouts in another winter storm. Power company Vistra, which is investing $80 million to prepare its plants for cold weather, says another power crisis could happen. The gas industry is not similarly preparing to ensure operation and is resisting regulation by the Railroad Commission of Texas, which oversees the oil and gas industry but whose commissioners' campaigns are funded by it. Gas production fell by 25% on January 2, 2022, when temperatures in West Texas fell to 14 degrees. The CEO of a Texas-based manufacturer of process heating and freeze protection equipment said Texas has not invested in technologies for gas winterization, which would cost $85-200 million per year.

Governor Abbott said in November 2021, "I can guarantee the lights will stay on," though in February 2022 he said, "No one can guarantee that there won't be a load shed event."

A cold snap in February 2022 was not as cold or prolonged as that in 2021, so demand did not surpass supply even as 12% of natural gas systems failed.

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In February 2021, the state of Texas suffered a major power crisis, which came about during three severe winter storms sweeping across the United States on February 10-11, 13-17, and 15-20. The storms triggered the worst energy infrastructure failure in Texas state history, leading to shortages of water, food, and heat.

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After going through a situation like this, everyone's views changed. People finally realized they needed to put more effect into power systems so they are ready for every situation. It also helped communities grow as they all helped each other in times of need. Though lots of plants and animals struggles sine then they have bounced back and increased by 2.6 percent.

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From a Ecocentric view point, a way we could solve this problem is by learning from what happened. They could spend there money and by local to help with climate change along with maybe walking or biking to work instead of driving to also help climate change.

From a Anthrocentric view point, they could create policies to prevent harm to people in the future. They also would support environmental actions is overall it benefited humans. They also value nature only when it’s useful to humans like for food, energy, or comfort. Humans are seen as more important than other life forms, and the environment is mainly protected to benefit people.

From a Technocentric view point, the only thing that needs to be changed is the power grid systems. If we can update them and winterize them then all problems should be solved by using technology.

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-For people who say ",This was not that bad," you are wrong. This was terrible! This cold front took over the entire state of Texas, and reached into other surrounding states. Not to mention it even hit some of the Northern parts of Mexico.

-The disaster was fueled by a Negative Arctic Oscillation and disruptions to the polar vortex.

-Many parts of Texas hit record amount of day being in a consecutive freeze. Cities as big as Austin saw 7 days in a row of freezing temperatures.

-4.5 MILLION houses and companies lost power during this time.

-Texas runs its own power grid system, where as other states, including Colorado, share power grids with surrounding states.

-At one point, the ERCOT was just 4 minutes and 37 seconds away from total grid collapse, which means they would've had to rebuild the whole system again in order for it to function properly.

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-ENERGY-Long term deregulation, grid isolation, and climate related stress.

-WATER-infrastructure neglect, underinvestment in resilient water systems.

-HOUSING-Winterization gaps, unsafe housing.

-POLITICS-Accountability crisis, federal-state tension.

-PUBLIC HEALTH-Hospital outages, carbon monoxide deaths.

-CLIMATE CHANGE- Polar Vortex+ Artic warming= More extreme weather

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One other example of a serious thing that climate change caused recently is, "Maui wildfires of 2023, a series of wildfires that burned parts of the island of Maui in the U.S. state of Hawaii in August 2023. The fires, which began on August 8, struck hardest the historic resort town of Lahaina, on Maui’s western peninsula, reducing most of the town to ash and ruins. 102 people were killed in Lahaina by the smoke and flames or by drowning, making the wildfire one of the world’s deadliest on record. Almost 3,000 structures were reported to have been either damaged or destroyed by the fire. In addition to the fires on Maui, a series of less devastating wildfires burned parts of the island of Hawaii starting on August 9.(The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica This article was most recently revised and updated by John P. Rafferty.)" When powerlines fell due to a wind storm, the land and ennviroment was so dry that it started the fire. That was not the only fire that had happened recently in Hawaii, the others just were able to be contained. This example relates to the fact that climate change harms us in many different ways. Weather a severe winter storm or dry seasons being extended a extra month, these are all outputs of climate change. These are both tragedies that put humans and the environment in danger.

Another example is how severe hurricanes have been becoming. Climate change is making hurricanes more dangerous by increasing their intensity, rainfall, and potential for damage. Warmer ocean temperatures give hurricanes more energy, making them stronger, while a warmer atmosphere holds more moisture, leading to heavier rain and greater flooding. Overall, climate change is amplifying the impact of hurricanes, especially in coastal areas. A example is the damage of hurricane Katrina, it destroyed towns, and killed many people. It was truly terrible and another cause of climate change.