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Based on my understanding,

1. Listening is both for understanding meaning and learning new language.

2. Effective listening used sound to meaning and using context and prior knowledge processes.

3. Metacognitive strategies (planning, monitoring, evaluating) help learners improve listening.

4. Speaking serves three functions:
1.Interaction (social talk)

2.Transaction (exchanging info)

3.Performance (public speaking)

5. Fluency vs. Accuracy:

Both need balance, tasks, and practice cycles help achieve this.

6. Listening is active, not passive.

7. Authentic materials and integrated listening-speaking tasks improve real communication skills.

8. Balancing fluency with accuracy is essential for long-term progress.

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1.Listening is interrelated and intervened with other language skills such as speaking,reading and writing.As time goes on,listening skills had become easier by learning on several developing teaching skills and language acquisition.

2.learning speaking skills and listening skills are very important nowadays because it's concerning the teaching of these crucial language.These skills contains multiple teaching ways,such as Bottom-up processing and Top-down processing and same goes to listening it has Cognitive strategies and Metacognitive strategies.

3.Listening skills in important because it's cut off misunderstanding that cost time, money,credibility, and relationships.

Moreover,effective listening has three modes which is attentive listening, responsive listening, and active listening.

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1. Listening is tightly connected with our communication skills.

2. A great listener can be adapt into others language skills much faster that help increase their language proficiency

3. Strategies to become a better listener are top-down processing and bottom-top processing that help in deciphering the message or information much more clear

4. Listening is the input meanwhile speaking is the output

5. Speaking skill can be sharpen by having daily conversation with others

6. Long term commitment is needed to increase speaking proficiency

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listening A macro skill in language learning

- important skill because as we listen to others it is easier for us to improve the other skills and confidence.

- primary form of communication

- provital in providing substancial and meaningfull response

- challange; lack of effort, laziness

- strategies; the text type, language used

Courses in listening n speaking have prominant place in langguage program around the world

Listening as comprehension

characteristics of spoken discourse, traditional way of thinking. listening provide input that trigger further development.

bottom-up listening, listeners take in raw speec. mentally break it down into its component.

top-down processing, background knowledge in understanding meaning of a message

combining both; involving activity prior knowledge, making prediction and reviewing keywords.

Listening strategies; Cognitive listening, metacognitive listening

The teaching of speaking

priority in TESL

Oral skills have hardly neglected as it the main skills in TESL

Conversational roytines ; fixed expression or ‘routines’

Style of speaking that appropriate to the particular circumstances. reflext age, expression and politeness.

Function of speaking; mantain social relations, exhange information.

Talk as interaction; “conversation” . exhange greetings, small talk

Talk as transaction, message in making oneself understood

Talk as performance; public talk, transmit information before an audience

Implication for teaching

Teaching talk as interaction

Teaching talk as performance; require diff teaching strategies. Need to provide example, oral presentation

Attentive listening

focus on speaker, patient let the speaker finish speaking. essential for attentive listening

Responsive listening

demonstrate to listeners what they listen which encourage the speaker. Include both, non-verbal and verbal cues

Active listening

combine skills of listening and responding without invalidating the speaker’s comment.

active listener monitor both the content and feeling level.

listening state back what they losten and understand, rephwsenit in tehir own word.

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1. Listening is the foundation of language learning

2. Challenges in listening for language learners include speech speed, accents, limited vocabulary and more

3. Strategies of improvement which is Top-down strategies (using prior knowledge) and bottom-up strategies (focusing on grammar, details etc) to understand spoken discourse

4. There are two different perspectives which is listening as comprehension and listening as acquisition

5. Listening and speaking are core skills in second language learning

6. Effective listening has three modes which is attentive listening, responsive and active listening

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From my understanding, 1. Listening is a receptive language skill that develops first in humans and awakens awareness of the target languages. 2. Effective listening enables perception of sound, rhythm, intonation, and stress. 3. Listening act as the concrete basis for overall language proficiency. 4. Pronunciation, word stress, vocabulary, and syntax are acquired through listening. 5. Listening as comprehension is the traditional view that treats listening primarily as the process of understanding.

6. Mastering speaking skills is vital and learners evaluate their success based on how much they have improved in speaking.

7. Effective listening skills are important for enhancing communication and understanding.

8. Effective listening ensures that information is accurately received and interpreted in order to avoid misunderstanding as it will cost us our time, money, credibility and even relationship.

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Syed Aiman Hakiemi Bin Syed Mohd Asyraf😎

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From what i understand

GENERAL

-Listening is one of the four major skills in language learning.

-Listening contributes primarily for language expertise.

-Learning to listen to the language you want to learn will improve ur mastery in that language.

-Sound,rhythm,intonation and stress of the of the language can only be adapted through listening.

-listening help us improve other skills and gain confident.

-listening could be hard if we lack of effort to understand each word,lazy to improve their vocabulary and stick with one source which lead them to problem with different pronounciation and accent.

METHOD OF LEARNING

-Bottom-up processing is one of the way of learning to listen.

-Bottom-up using incoming input as a way to understand the massage.

-Top-down processing is a way where they use knowledge and clues to understand.

-Attentive listening when you focus on the speaker and remove every distraction

-Responsive listening when you give gesture that show you understand what being said

-nonverbal response example (smilling and nodding)

-Verbal responses example (say i see or yes)

-Active listening combine of listening and responds skill.

-Selective listening when you choose what to listen and what to ignore

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Based on my understanding,

1. Listening has an important place in learning as it is one of the four major skills in language acquisition.

2. , the problems in listening were accompanied with the four following factors: the message, the speaker, the listener and the physical setting.

3. listening plays a vital role, as it helps the language learner to acquire pronunciation, word stress, vocabulary, and syntax and the comprehension of messages conveyed can be based solely on tone of voice, pitch and accent; and it is only possible when we listen.

4. Listening has an important place in learning as it is one of the four major skills in language acquisition.

5. Listening serves the goal of extracting meaning from messages.

6. The mastery of speaking skills in English is a priority for many second-language or foreign-language learners

7. the interactional functions of speaking, in which it serves to establish and maintain social relations, and the transactional functions, which focus on the exchange of information.

8. 3 modes of listening

I. Attentive listening

II. Responsive listening

III. Active listening

😁

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1. listening contributes the highest percentage of involvement in the exchange of information

2. aiming effective listening to deal with variety of situations, input and purpose

3. poor listening skills could affect human interaction and learning other subject

4. listen to examine : theory, implications and explore

5. there are various meaning of words according to the situation and how we deliver it

6. different styles of speaking reflect : roles, age and status

7. understanding listening modes helps reduce opportunity of misunderstanding

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LISTENING: A MACRO SKILL IN LANGUAGE LEARNING

Listening is a basic skill that interlinked with other language skill such as speaking, reading, and writing.

The widespread of advance technology contribute to effective listening skill.

Still, some people remain far behind to the current expectation of listening skill.

Therefore, we need to find an alternative to overcame this problem.

Listening is important as it belong to the 4 major skill in English language.

Listening is a receptor skill within human being that awaken awareness due to its the first one to be developed.

One must be able to listen to to understand the nuance in a particular language which is English in order to be better in English proficiency.

Indeed, the end goal are to ensure that the speaker can extract the message just by listen to it.

LISTENING: METHOD ON HOW TO BETTER LISTENER

1.Cognitive Strategies:

Mental activities related to storing input in a working memory for later retrieval

EXAMPLE:

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1. major skills-listening, speaking, reading and writing.

2. pronunciation-some techniques to pronounce the words.

3. tone of voice, pitch and accent-how they use tone of voice, pitching and accent in the correct way according to the situation.

4. cognitive-storing memory in long or short term memory to call back.

5. metacognitive-same as cognitive but more effective and executive (monitoring, accessing the situation, self-evaluating, and self-testing).

6. attentive listening-focus on the deliverer while talking.

7. responsive listening-two way communication

8. active listening-able to summarize or asking questions

9. nonverbal-communication without words.

10. verbal-communication with words.

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based on my understanding

1.listening helps learners pick up pronunciation, word stress, vocabulary, sentence structure, and understand messages through tone, pitch, and accent

2.without listening, communication cannot happen

3.teaching listening strategies helps learners become better listeners

4.When the focus is on understanding, activity like spotting differences are not encouraged. These focus on listening for words (bottom-up) instead of listening for meaning (top-down).

5.listening skills are important because misunderstanding can happen and it wastes time, money, trust, and even damage relationships

😆

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From my understanding,

-Listening is a very important language skill because it supports other skills such as speaking, reading, and writing.

-Challenges in teaching listening includes the use of accent, lack of vocabulary, and low concentration.

-There's a few strategies for effective listening which are top-down strategies, bottom-up strategies, and metacognitive strategies.

-Listening can be seen from two different perspectives which is listening as comprehension and listening as acquisition.

-When we speak and listen we tend to be getting something

done, exploring ideas, or working out something.

-Speaking is important as it serves different purposes :

1.Talk as interaction

2.Talk as transaction

3.Talk as performance

-Listening and speaking are complementary skills.

-There are 3 modes of effective listening which is :

1. Attentive listening ( listeners focus on the speakers and try to eliminate distractions)

2. Responsive listening ( listeners demonstrate that they are listening either verbally or non verbally)

3. Active listening ( combines both listening and responding without invalidating the speakers comments)

😁

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wan hazyrah auny binti wan mohd haizul 🌷🎀

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1. Listening is the first language skill to develop and forms the foundation for language acquisition

2. ⁠Learners struggle with listening due to factors such as speech speed, vocabulary gaps, accents, concentration issues, and environmental distractions.

3. Effective listening lessons combine bottom up tasks with top down tasks, usually through a pre listening, whilelistening, post listening sequence.

4. ⁠With English as an international language, listening and speaking have become central in language programs worldwide, and exams now often include listening to emphasize its importance.

5. Effective listening is important because misunderstanding can cost time, money, credibility, and relationships.

6. ⁠Attentive listening means focusing fully on the speaker, avoiding distractions, and not interrupting.

7. ⁠Active listening is the most important, where you listen to both content and feelings, paraphrase in your own words, and confirm understanding before responding.

8. ⁠Spoken language differs greatly from written text. It is fast, often unplanned, linear, filled with pauses, fillers, and context dependent features, making it more challenging for second-language learners.

9. ⁠Speaking has shifted from rote drills and memorization in traditional methods to communicative language teaching, where learners focus on fluency, real life interaction, negotiation of meaning, and even intercultural competence for cross-cultural communication.

10. ⁠Responsive listening shows the speaker you are listening through verbal cues and nonverbal cues.

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WAN HUSNA INSYIRAH BINTI WAN KHAIRULANUAR 😋

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1. listenings is one of the basic language skill other than speaking, reading, and writing. In the 19th century, the most important language skill was reading and writing but now listening has become more important in language teaching.

2. Listening is a major skill in language learning because it helps us understand sounds, rhythm, and pronunciation. It is the first skill we develop and is important to improve speaking, reading, and writing. Good listening builds confidence and makes learning other skills easier.

3. Listening makes up almost half of language learning, but it is the hardest skill because it includes many subskills. Even though teaching listening is improving, it still needs more attention in the curriculum.

4. Listening and speaking are now very important in learning English because people need fluency for real communication. Listening is no longer seen as just small skills but as an active process using both details and background knowledge, while speaking moved from drills to real conversations and tasks. Today, the focus is on authentic communication, cultural understanding, and practical strategies for learning.

5. Listening can be understood in two ways: listening as comprehension (understanding spoken messages) and listening as acquisition (using listening to learn a language). Spoken language is harder than written language because it’s fast, unplanned, and full of hesitations, accents, and informal features. Understanding speech uses bottom-up processing (focusing on sounds, words, and grammar) and top-down processing (using context and background knowledge). To teach bottom-up listening, learners need activities like dictation, recognizing keywords, and using stress and intonation to understand meaning.

6. In real life, listening uses both bottom-up (details like words and grammar) and top-down (background knowledge and context) processing. Which one dominates depends on how familiar the listener is with the topic and their purpose for listening. A common listening lesson includes three stages: pre-listening (activating knowledge and reviewing vocabulary), while-listening (listening for gist, details, or sequence), and post-listening (responding to the topic or analyzing difficult parts). Good lessons combine both strategies to help students understand meaning and learn features of spoken language.

7. Effective listening has three main types: attentive, responsive, and active listening. Attentive listening means fully focusing on the speaker, avoiding distractions, and being patient without interrupting. Though it can be challenging, this skill is essential for clear and effective communication.

8. Responsive listening shows the speaker that you are paying attention and understanding, which encourages them to continue. It involves using nonverbal cues like smiling, nodding, good eye contact, and avoiding distractions, as well as verbal cues such as “Uh-huh,” “I see,” or briefly repeating what was said.

9. Active listening is about really understanding what someone is saying before you respond. You pay attention to both their words and feelings, then repeat the idea in your own words to make sure you got it right. It’s not about giving advice or taking over the conversation but it’s about showing you truly understand them first.

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Based on my understanding,

1. Listening is the most significant part of communication. Without listening skill, no communication can be achieved.

2. Listening is felt comparatively much difficult by the learners, as it has all its interrelated subskills such as receiving, understanding, remembering, evaluating and responding.

3. Listening strategies can be broadly classified as Top-down strategies ( the listener relies on the background knowledge of the topic, the listening context, the text type, and the language and they help the listener to interpret the ideas he has listened) and Bottom-up strategies ( text based where the listeners use linguistic knowledge to understand information )

4. Two kinds of strategies in listening are Cognitive strategies ( mental activities related to comprehending and storing input in working memory or long-term memory for later retrieval ) and Metacognitive strategies ( those conscious or unconscious mental activities that that perform an executive function in the management of cognitive strategies)

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•listening forms the concrete basis for the complete language proficiency.

•A typical lesson in current teaching materials involves a three-part

sequence consisting of pre-listening, while-listening, and post-listening and

contains activities that link bottom-up and top-down listening

•Different speech styles reflect perceptions of the social roles of the participants

in a speech event.

•Utilizing these three modes of listening, which are attentive listening, responsive listening and active listening will make you a more effective listener and, in turn, a more effective communicator.

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1) Listening helps us to improve a lot of skills so that we can have a better communication with others.

2) Mishearing can happen when we lack of vocabulary and have different accents and pronunciation.

3) To comprehend a message better, we can use both top down and bottom up strategies.

4) Cognitive - Comprehending and storing input.

Metacognitive - Functioning in the management of cognitive strategies.

5) Responsive listener - Using verbal and non-verbal responsive as a sign of understanding the message.

Active listener - Able to rephrase the message.

6) Comprehension and acquisition is essential to teach listening effectively.

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1. listening improves many skills and gain confidence

2. we need to spend more time to improve our listening skills.

3. active listener can understand and respond to a message very well.

4. different level of talking pace make it harder for some people to understand better.

5. peaking skills is essential for us to have a good conversation with people.

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1. According to The Role of Listening in Language Acquisition; the Challenges & Strategies in Teaching Listening by Dr Runakadevi qoute listening "interrelated and intervened" with other skills but during nineteenth century listening gains its significance in language skills.

Even so there are few challenges in learning listening such as "assesment is behind" (the way teachers test or access listening skills considered as outdated.)

Dr Runakadevi suggest a few strategies to which include top down strategies (listener based, drawing background, focus on context.) what can be achieved with this strategies: grasping the main idea and summarizing the text. The other strategies are bottom up ( language details within message sound, words, grammar) what can achieved: focus on specific details, recognize word pattern.

2. According to Jack C. Richard he explain on how listening being viewed today from micro skills to interactive and strategic process.

He explain the difference between listening for comprehension ( listen to understand the context )and listening for acquisition (listening to improve the skills of our second language)

Jack C. Richard suggest noticing activities ( spotting language forms in the listening.) and restructuring activities (using the language learned in forms of speaking or writing task to the student remember.)

3. Lastly, “3 Modes of Effective Listening” by Jamie Hutzel there are two different modes of listening.

Attentive listening ( focus fully on speakers and actively eliminate distraction to understand the context more) and Responsive listening ( a listening that shows the speakers that you listen by giving two different respons which is verbal: "yes" "no" and non verbal: "nodding" "eyecontact")

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Based on my understanding,

1)Listening has an important place in learning as it is one of the four major skills in

language acquisition.listening plays a vital role, as it helps the language learner to

acquire pronunciation, word stress, vocabulary, and syntax.

2)Listening helps the language learner to

acquire pronunciation, word stress, vocabulary, and syntax and the comprehension of

messages conveyed can be based solely on tone of voice, pitch and accent

3)the problems in listening were accompanied with the

four following factors: the message, the speaker, the listener and the physical setting. Reasons why the learners feel listening difficult are lack of effort to understand each and every word while listening,failure or laziness to build up vocabulary and different pronounciation.

4)Language isn't only about grammar mastery but language is primarily used for communication.listening and speaking should be taught as interactive and purposeful skills.

5)Listening is also important in order to emphasize real world listening tasks like note taking,identifying main ideas and inferring meaning

6)Effective listening is important because our actions and responses depend on how well we understand others.Poor listening can leads to misunderstandings but good listening skill build trust and confidence in personal and professional settings.

7)There are 3 modes of listening.

-attentive listening

-responsive listening

-active listening

by mastering these modes,we can enhance communication accuracy and reduces misunderstandings

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Base on my understanding,

1) There are 4 modes of listening

* attentive listening

- focus on the speaker and patient let the speaker finish their thoughts without interruption

* active listening

- combines the skills of listening and responding

* selective listening

- listen to only interested part of the conversation & ignoring the rest

* responsive listening

- has verbal( I see, yes, really?)and non-verbal responses(nodding, smiling, eye contact)

2) listening is a macro skill in language learning. Listening could improve someone language ability.

3) there are 2 strategies for effective teaching of listening:

- Top-down strategies

* listening for the main idea

* predicting

* drawing inference

* summarizing

- Bottom-up

* concentrate on specific details while listening

* recognize word-oder patterns

4) 2 listening strategies

* cognitive strategies: mental activities related to comprehending & storing input in work memory ( comprehension process,storing input in work memory ( comprehension process, storing & memory process, using & retrieval process)

* metacognitive strategies: those conscious/ unconscious mental activities that perform an executive function in the management of cognitive strategies ( assessing the situation, monitoring, self-evaluating, self-testing)

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based on my understanding,

1. listening is part of the most important part of communication in providing a substantial and meaningful response.

2. listener have to make strategies to interpret ideas like listening for the main idea,predicting,drawing inference and summarizing ideas.

3. listening should be an interactive, interpretive process to apply to both their prior knowledge and linguistics knowledge in understanding messages.

4. next,metacognitive abilities can make strategic,learning faster, confident,think clearly,and succesfully in coping with new situations.

5. to conclude,without listening skills, learning skills is impossible because its important in learning others subjects too and students have to try to improve their skills to upgrade their skills in themselves.

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>Listening contributes primarily for language expertise

>Listening helps the language learner to understand the beauty of language

>Listening pivotal in providing a substantial and meaningful response

>Listening is interrelated subskills such as receiving understanding remembering evaluating & responding

2 strategies for effective teaching of listening

-Top down strategies(Listener based)

-Bottom down strategies(Text based)

>The metacognitive strategies train the language learner to cope with the demands

of listening

>Language learning would be impossible without listening skill

>Listening is crucial not only in language learning but also for other subject