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1. Date of Battle: April 9, 1942 – April 17, 1942

2. Description: After the U.S. and Filipino forces surrendered to Japan in the Philippines, around 75,000 troops were forced to march over 60 miles in brutal conditions.

3. Outcome: Japanese victory; many soldiers died from starvation, dehydration, or were executed.

4. Significance: One of the worst war crimes by the Japanese military. It showed the brutality of the Pacific War and strengthened American resolve.

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Date of Battle: 1939 – May 8, 1945

Description: A long struggle between Allied and German forces for control of the Atlantic Ocean’s shipping lanes.

Outcome: Allied victory, helped by radar, sonar, and breaking German codes.

Significance: Allowed supplies and troops to safely reach Europe, which was vital for the D-Day invasion and overall Allied success

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Date of Battle: May 4–8, 1942

Description: First air-sea battle in history between Japanese and Allied naval forces. Aircraft launched from carriers fought each other.

Outcome: Tactical Japanese victory but strategic Allied victory as Japan’s advance on Australia was stopped.

Significance: First major check on Japanese expansion in the Pacific; helped protect Australia.

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Anzio, Metropolitan City of Rome Capital, Italy

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Anzio, Metropolitan City of Rome Capital, Italy

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Anzio, Metropolitan City of Rome Capital, Italy

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Date of Battle: January 22 – June 5, 1944

Description: Allied amphibious landing near Rome to outflank German defenses in Italy.

Outcome: Allied victory, but with heavy casualties.

Significance: Opened the way to liberate Rome from Nazi control; showed the difficulty of the Italian campaign.

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Midway Atoll, United States Minor Outlying Islands

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Midway Atoll, United States Minor Outlying Islands

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Midway Atoll, United States Minor Outlying Islands

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Date of Battle: June 4–7, 1942

Description: A surprise U.S. naval victory where four Japanese carriers were sunk.

Outcome: U.S. victory; major damage to Japanese Navy.

Significance: Turning point in the Pacific; shifted the momentum to the Allies.

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Date of Battle: June 6, 1944

Description: Allied forces stormed beaches of Normandy to begin liberating Western Europe.

Outcome: Allied victory; major beachheads established.

Significance: Opened a Western front against Germany, speeding up the end of the war.

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Date of Battle: August 7, 1942 – February 9, 1943

Description: First major land offensive by Allied forces against Japan.

Outcome: Allied victory; Japanese forces eventually evacuated.

Significance: First major offensive by the Allies in the Pacific; began the island-hopping campaign.

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Date of Battle: December 16, 1944 – January 25, 1945

Description: Germany’s last major offensive in the West, trying to split Allied forces.

Outcome: Allied victory after initial German success.

Significance: Depleted Germany’s reserves and helped speed up the end of the war in Europe.

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Date of Battle: October 23–26, 1944

Description: Largest naval battle of World War II; U.S. aimed to retake the Philippines.

Outcome: Decisive Allied victory; Japanese Navy crippled.

Significance: Opened the door to liberate the Philippines; Japan’s naval power was destroyed.

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Iwo Jima, Iōjima, Ogasawara, Tokyo, Japan

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Iwo Jima, Iōjima, Ogasawara, Tokyo, Japan

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Iwo Jima, Iōjima, Ogasawara, Tokyo, Japan

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Date of Battle: February 19 – March 26, 1945

Description: U.S. forces invaded the island of Iwo Jima to secure airfields.

Outcome: U.S. victory after heavy casualties on both sides.

Significance: Provided a critical base for bombing Japan; symbol of Marine courage and sacrifice.

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Marines raising the flag on Mt. Suribachi

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Date of Battle: November 8–16, 1942

Description: Allied invasion of North Africa to fight Axis forces and gain control of the Mediterranean.

Outcome: Allied victory; Axis forces pushed out of Africa.

Significance: First major U.S. operation in Europe/Africa; led to the invasion of Italy.

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Date of Battle: April 1 – June 22, 1945

Description: Final and largest Pacific island battle; fierce resistance from Japanese troops and civilians.

Outcome: U.S. victory, but very high casualties on both sides.

Significance: Showed how deadly an invasion of Japan would be; helped lead to the decision to use atomic bombs.