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I wish to research deeper into how languages are made "from scratch," so to speak. I utilize my knowledge of the three real-world languages that I am familiar with and compare them to fictional languages such as those in J.R.R. Tolkien's works.

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Title IPA Translation = The Start of Speaking

I have color-coded the posts below as follows:

Green relates to Tolkien and new languages in literature.

Red relates to games and language in the recreational world. Tolkien started by having fun with languages, so doing so is imperative to the project.

Yellow relates to anything historical or philological.

Purple relates to questions I will ask to start discussion.

Note - the order that I intended is green to red to yellow with purple in between, but any order is welcome!

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How J.R.R. Tolkien Created Fantastic Worlds With Language

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The life of J.R.R. Tolkien and languages were deeply intertwined, from his childhood learning Latin to the publication of The Lord of the Rings.

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Where would you start to make you own language? What would you base it off of?

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This is supplementary to the article above

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Please read these along with the Hobbit at least once, they're a blast!

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Do a quick Google search on Lingua Nolta, Esperanto, and/or other conlangs. What did you find? Did you know about these languages before? Have you heard the term "conlang" before this? It's a new term for me!

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Chants of Sennaar - Gameplay Overview Trailer | Gamescom 2023

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https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://thornygames.com/pages/xenolanguage-a-game-about-alien-language-and-human-memory?fbclid=IwY2xjawJqjJVleHRuA2FlbQIxMAABHoWchEmjnPOSLO8pByefOwAEvlKz568Ml14yhqf1WQqf24vnetcZ5Z2SCo4q_aem_nhlIvyvnjrCqjiT2EZ-trg__;!!KIFmrYtlezdzESbnm_I!Ezbni8WNzBnQmggNNvmm2HPtRICSeWo23_HE8BFwb6X62qMWFOwJSkO8OOz60J4XWdRUXwC9dQzFvx2FDXZqdeOor8QNtSoFcLU$

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Many of you have heard of the Sims and its created language. This article provides some insight into the language and some phrases in Simlish too!

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Translation Services Australia- #1 NAATI Translator Service in Australia

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Simlish: Everything You Need To Know About Sims Language

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Simlish is the language used across the entire Sims franchise. You have to discover the Simlish language, how and who invented the Simlish language.

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Would you play any of these games? Did any of you play them before? Have you heard of other games related to linguistics like these? Share your thoughts below!

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This episode is focused on the IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet), but the hosts also discuss the formation on English as we know it in that there were initially many variations. Then, English was solidified and standardized through writing. This supports the theme in that way, along with the fact that the phonemes discussed will help navigate other languages as well.

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06: All the sounds in all the languages - The International Phonetic Alphabet

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Lingthusiasm Episode 6: All the sounds in all the languages - The International Phonetic Alphabet English writing is hugely inconsistent: is “ough” pronounced as in cough, though, through, thought, rough, plough, or thorough? And once you start adding in other languages with different conventions and writing systems, things get even more complicated. How’s a person supposed to know whether to pronounce “j” as in Jane, Juan, Johan, Jeanne, or Jing? In the 1800s, linguists decided to create a single alphabet that could represent any sound spoken in any human language. After several revisions and competing standards, we now have the modern International Phonetic Alphabet with 107 letters, 52 diacritics, and a surprisingly passionate fanbase including linguists, musicians, and people who like cool symbols. In episode 6 of Lingthusiasm, your hosts Lauren Gawne and Gretchen McCulloch talk about the history of the IPA, how it works, and some of the fun linguistics games and stories that have arisen around the IPA. Click here for a link to this episode in your podcast player of choice or read the transcript here. Here are the links mentioned in this episode: Example of spelling conventions differing cross-linguistically History of the IPA (Wikipedia) Romic Alphabet (Wikipedia) Clickable IPA chart with sounds Interactive sagittal section Emoji corresponding to IPA vowels Why English spelling (and transcription systems) is so weird (All Things Linguistic) Phoneticians of My Fair Lady Using IPA to transcribe beatboxing 11 facts about the IPA from Arika Okrent (including the fact that the International Phonetic Association journal used to accept publications entirely written in the IPA!) English in other orthographies (Tumblr post) Gurre Kamilaroi, by William Ridley (1856) ful of upside down capital G’s for engmas Alice in Wonderland in IPA Schwa cookie cutter IPA consonant chart cross-stitch Jones’s vowel cross-stitch IPA Scrabble An IPA version of 2048 What’s your favourite vowel? Gretchen did a survey! Kirates! IPA transcriptions of opera arias (Singers often use IPA to sing in languages they don’t speak) The WordsAtSX hashtag And some of our favourite resources for learning and using IPA: Online IPA character picker IPA/Phonetics apps for phones How to memorise the IPA consonant chart How to memorise the IPA vowel chart Using the IPA to explain why lipreading is so hard (All Things Linguistic) Scottish Seeing Speech project The Vocal Tract (All Things Linguistic) IPA Ultrasounds (All Things Linguistic) Phonological natural classes and set theory (All Things Linguistic) Ingressive sounds (Superlinguo) Introduction to fricatives (Wuglife) Introduction to the vowel space (Wuglife) Intro to the IPA video (The Ling Space) IPA vowels video (The Ling Space) eNunciate from UBC You can listen to this episode via Lingthusiasm.com, Soundcloud, RSS, Apple Podcasts/iTunes, Spotify, YouTube, or wherever you get your podcasts. You can also download an mp3 via the Soundcloud page for offline listening. To receive an email whenever a new episode drops, sign up for the Lingthusiasm mailing list. You can help keep Lingthusiasm ad-free, get access to bonus content, and more perks by supporting us on Patreon. Lingthusiasm is on Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, and Tumblr. Email us at contact [at] lingthusiasm [dot] com Gretchen is on Twitter as @GretchenAMcC and blogs at All Things Linguistic. Lauren is on Twitter as @superlinguo and blogs at Superlinguo. Lingthusiasm is created by Gretchen McCulloch and Lauren Gawne. Our producer is Claire Gawne, and our music is ‘Ancient City’ by The Triangles. This episode of Lingthusiasm is made available under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Share Alike license (CC 4.0 BY-NC-SA).

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Simplified timeline of developments in the English language

The history of the English language is a complex tapestry of gradual developments and short, sharp shocks, of isolation and mutual influences, of borrowings and obsolescences. I am unlikely to do it justice in this short exposition, but it may at least suffice to give an overview of the main developments. There are many sources of further information which can be consulted by those requiring more (or less) detail, some of which are listed on the Sources and Links page.

The main phases can be conveniently (if a little simplistically) divided into:

Before English (Prehistory - c. 500AD) (including Indo-European, Spread of Indo-European Languages, Germanic, The Celts, The Romans)

Old English (c. 500 - c. 1100) (including Invasions of Germanic Tribes, The Coming of Christianity and Literacy, The Anglo-Saxon or Old English Language, The Vikings, Old English after the Vikings)

Middle English (c. 1100 - c. 1500) (including Norman Conquest, French (Anglo-Norman) Influence, Middle English After the Normans, Resurgence of English, Chaucer and the Birth of English Literature)

Early Modern English (c. 1500 - c. 1800) (including Great Vowel Shift, The English Renaissance, Printing Press and Standardization, The Bible, Dictionaries and Grammars, Golden Age of English Literature, William Shakespeare, International Trade)

Late Modern English (c. 1800 - Present) (including The Industrial and Scientific Revolution,Colonialism and the British Empire, The New World, American Dialect, Black English, Britain's Other Colonies, Language Reform, Later Developments, 20th Century)

English Today (including Who Speaks English?, English as a Lingua Franca, Reverse Loanwords, Modern English Vocabulary, Modern English Spelling)

The dates attributed to the various phases are somewhat arbitrary, but they do provide some convenient markers and give a general idea of the timescales involved. However, different studies do use different demarcations. For example, Early Modern English is sometimes considered to begin as early as 1400, and Modern English by 1550 (i.e. pre-Shakespeare), but I have used 1500 and 1800 as a more convenient split.

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The history of the English language is a complex tapestry of gradual developments and short, sharp shocks, of isolation and mutual influences, of borrowings and obsolescences. I am unlikely to do it justice in this short exposition, but it may at least suffice to give an overview of the main developments.

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In the timeline mentioned on the History of English site, they explicitly state the era of Geoffrey Chaucer. The image above shows the edition that I read. Seeing Middle English written out for the first time and reading it in Dr. Epstein's class on the work was great fun. It felt like it was drunken English. According to my knowledge, Chaucer's variation was basically the standardized variation, as there were many dialects depending on region and social class. Take a look for yourself - and take the class if you're not graduating yet!

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How do you think English will evolve? For instance? Will it branch off into other languages? Will it change form once more to the point where our English will sound archaic? Feel free to discuss with each other in the comments!