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Cp and Pp will always be greater than Cpk and Ppk, respectively.

Cpk > 1: Process will mostly produce output that is within the specification limit, larger Cpk is, the better.

Cpk < 1: Process will produce output that is outside the customer specification limits.

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There are chances that data points lie between the specification limits but are far from the target.

Necessary to calculate how far off the target is.

Cpk and Ppk account of the centering of the process -- Indicate shifting or closeness of process average from the target or mean value.

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Cp or Pp index compares the allowable spread [USL-LSL] against the process spread [6 sigma].

However, they fail to take into account if the process is centered between the specification limits.

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Process capability index is a statistical measure of process capability.

Process capability indices measure how much "natural variation" a process experiences relative to its specification limits.

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Refers to the consistency of the process with respect to important process characteristics.

If consistent over time, process is stable.

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Voice Of Process: Variation Of Process. Whether process is stable.

LSL & USL: Specification tolerance limits given by the customer.

Voice Of Customer: Customer's expectations of a product or service.

Customer's specification: Process target given by customer.

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Statistical measurement of a process's ability to produce parts within customer's specification limits on a consistent basis.

Measured by capability indices such as Cp, Cpk, Pp, Ppk.

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Reduce the variation [StDev] of the process

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Shift mean to the center

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A process that is able to produce output that meets specifications.

Almost 100% of the output from the process is within specifications.

If process is in control but fails to meet specification requirements --> Process needs to be improved or re-designed.