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Protest in South Africa to end Apartheid

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Migration of White South Africans 1990’s

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Migration of White South Africans 1990’s

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Migration of White South Africans
White South Africans are immigrants from Europe. In 1911, a census was done and resulted in a population of almost 3,000,000 whites in South Africa. More and more British settlers traveled to South Africa because they had power over the Africans and craved the minerals in their ground. The population continued to grow into the two millions from 1936-1946. The immigration of these settlers still grew vastly and even peaked 5,000,000 in 1990.

Apartheid
Apartheid was the name given to a racial segregation period that took place from 1948-1990 in South Africa. During this period, whites had power over the natives. In 1948 the Nationalist Party made it illegal for anyone of color to peacefully protest. In 1990, the white population had reached its peak and they were more powerful than ever.

End of Apartheid
African natives protested for years against the white power. Many African Americans were imprisoned and killed for this. Within the protests was Nelson Mandela who was one of the many who organized the African National Congress (ANC). He was arrested and sentenced to life in prison for charges of sabotage in 1964. In 1990, the Prime Minister of South Africa, P.W. Botha resigned and the ban on the ANC was lifted. With this, the press was free and many prisoners were released. After 27 years in prison, Nelson Mandela was released. After his release, he continued to fight for what was right and was elected as the first president of South Africa in 1994.

Emigration of White South Africans
After the end of Apartheid, the white South Africans began emigrating out of Africa because they no longer had the power. Others fled because of the outbreak of violence and the fear that the laws would restrict employment opportunities. Majority of the White South Africans migrated to Australia because they saw better opportunities.

Decades Later
After living in Australia, some White South Africa’s decided to migrate back to South Africa.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZffRqLz2K1A

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International migration: The White South Africans migrated to a different country, Australia.

Quotas: Australia set a high quota for skilled and business migrants, which worked well for White South Africans who needed jobs.

Push factors: The violence, unstable government, and concern about losing jobs pushed White South Africans to leave.

Pull factors: Australia was an English-speaking country that had other White South Africans. It also had a high quota for White South Africans who were seeking jobs.

Chain migration: Chain migration applies because there had been previous major migrations leading White South Africans to Australia.

Gravity model: The migration of White South Africans followed the gravity model since they migrated a long distance to Australia and settled in large cities such as Sydney and Perth.

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Number of Permanent Settlers Arriving in Australia From South Africa since 1991 (monthly)

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Ravenstein’s Laws
1. Every migration flow generates a return or counter-migration
2. The majority of migrants move a short distance
3. Migrants who move longer distances tend to choose big-city destinations
4. People who live in cities are less migratory to people who live in rural areas.
5. Families are less likely to move internationally than young adults.

The first law of Ravenstein does apply to this scenario because later in 2014, some of the White South Africans decided to go back to Africa.
For the second law, the White South Africans emigrated to English speaking countries. They chose Australia and the UK because they were the closest.
The third law is accurate because the White South Africans chose big cities in Australia like Sydney and Perth to live in.
The fourth law does not exactly apply because the White South Africans moved from Cape Town to Sydney, Australia which is another city.
The fifth law does apply because longer residents would tend to stay but the younger ones would have less trouble traveling.