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Middle aged and older people will have had the majority of their vaccinations they need as a child. However, there are still a few that they should have as they get older. First of all, the flu vaccine. The flu vaccines are offered around the US every year to help protect you from any influenzas that might be spreading. It is not mandatory to have a vaccination but is encouraged especially as you get older. Middle aged people may be fine without getting vaccinated if they so choose but elderly people are more likely to become severely ill when contracting a virus so it’s safer to get the vaccine on an annual basis.

Secondly the Tdap vaccination which protects you against diphtheria, tetanus and whopping cough. All adults that have never received a vaccination are strongly encouraged to get one, this can happen at any time. After your first shot, you should then get a follow up shot once every 10 years.

Finally, the covid vaccine is encouraged in most parts of the US. Elderly people when among those who first had the opportunity to receive the vaccination because of their vulnerable status, they could’ve received up to 3 doses. Middle aged people were less at risk but still had the opportunity to get it.

References:

What vaccines are recommended for you. 8 September 2023

https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/adults/rec-vac/index.html

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As you get older, it becomes more important to try and keep living healthy life because your body is more susceptible to illnesses and diseases.  Keeping a healthy diet and getting enough sleep will aid you in being able to stay well. Reducing certain common behaviors such as smoking and drinking will also help keep you healthy. Many people will have spent a good part of their lives smoking and or drinking, this can have a negative lasting effect. The earlier someone can stop these bad habits, the less risk they have of developing various forms of cancer or liver disease.

References:

Promoting healthy behaviors in older adults to optimize health-promoting lifestyle: An intervention study. 20 January 2023

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9866478/#:~:text=The%20healthy%20behavior%20of%20older,15%2C16%2C17%5D.

Lily M

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At least one in four older adults experience one mental disorder, such as depression, anxiety or dementia. Recent research has shown that suicide rates are at a 30 year high, in which there is an alarming spike in the deaths of men aged 45 to 64. Middle aged and older men are becoming more at risk due to societal views. Mental health is often a taboo subject in men, this leaves them to struggle alone, and they are much less likely to seek help if they need it. Some ways to cope with depression and suicidal thoughts are eating healthy, exercising regularly. If you are really struggling, then you should go and see a therapist and a doctor to have some medication prescribed.

Dementia is not so much a disease but a general term for the inability to remember. Alzheimer’s is the most common form of dementia, with is affecting mainly people over 65. Some signs that a loved one has Alzheimer’s include lack of memory, attention, communication and impaired judgment among others. At the moment there is no cure for the disease however, there are certain medications you can take to help protect the brain and cope with the anxiety and behavioral changes.

References:

Suicidality and death by suicide among middle-aged adults in the United States. 27 September 2017

https://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/report_3370/ShortReport-3370.html

Alzheimer’s disease and healthy ageing. 5 April 2019

https://www.cdc.gov/aging/dementia/index.html#:~:text=Dementia%20is%20not%20a%20specific,a%20part%20of%20normal%20aging.

Lily M

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Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the US and the most common form is coronary heart disease. The risk of this disease increases with age which is why it’s so common in older people. Other factors increasing its risk include genetics and being overweight.  Coronary heart disease is when your coronary artery is narrowed or blocked, this can happen overtime or very suddenly. Some ways it can be prevented or treated are trying to eat healthy and exercise regularly. If the disease becomes more severe you can get a stent fitted to open up the artery or take some medication to reduce your cholesterol levels.

References:

Common age-related diseases or conditions, 18 November 2022

https://www.verywellhealth.com/age-related-diseases-2223996

Lily M

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One of the most common injures in middle aged to older people are caused by falls. As you get older your bone density starts to decrease so a fall that may not have injured you in your earlier life can result in broken bones among other things once you are older. Some things can increase the risk of someone falling as they get older can include visual impairment, muscle weakness, gait deficits and balance problems. Hip fractures are the most common injury in older people and falling causes the majority of these injures. After a hip fracture, many elderly people may never fully recover. This can lead to them having to transition to a quieter life evolving less activity. This can in tern lead to some mental health issues, the person may have to give up some hobbies that they love and if they live alone can go long periods of time without speaking to anyone.

References

Injuries among older adults: the challenge of optimizing safety and minimizing unintended consequences

https://injuryprevention.bmj.com/content/8/suppl_4/iv2

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Aging increases the risk of many common diseases in adults including: chronic diseases such as dementias, heart disease, type 2 diabetes, arthritis, and cancer.

These are the nation’s leading drivers of illness, disability, death, and health care costs.

Thankfully, we can make a difference in adults lives by promoting positive health and wellbeing! Adults do not have to be bound by these disease! They can activate a better quality of life by adapting to these key changes to their everyday lives!

CDC’s National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion funds partners to improve the health of older adults by:

Helping those with dementia remain active, independent, and involved in their community as long as possible.

Providing resources to help caregivers stay healthy and deliver quality care to their care recipients.

Increasing early assessment and diagnosis, risk reduction, and prevention and management of chronic diseases for people with or at risk of Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias.

Increasing the use of other clinical preventive services like blood pressure checks, cancer screenings, and blood sugar testing.

Increasing the number of people who speak to a health care provider about their worsening memory.

Providing the National Diabetes Prevention Program (National DPP) lifestyle change program to Medicare beneficiaries through CDC-recognized organizations to reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes.

Promoting physical activity programs to reduce the risk of dementia and arthritis pain

Some great options for adults to improve physical and mental health:

Walks and physical fitness

Journaling

Engaging in safe, exciting activities (trying new foods, traveling, hikes, etc)

Laughter

Swimming

There are so many ways for middle aged adults to improve their lives! They can get creative and stumble upon new things to excite and engage them!

References:

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022b, September 8). Promoting health for older adults. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/resources/publications/factsheets/promoting-health-for-older-adults.htm#:~:text=Be%20active.,activity%20each%20week%20is%20recommended.

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Older adults contribute to society as family and community members, and many are volunteers and workers. While most have good health, many are at risk of developing mental health conditions such as depression and anxiety disorders. Many may also experience reduced mobility, chronic pain, frailty, dementia or other health problems, for which they require some form of long-term care. As people age, they are more likely to experience several conditions at the same time. (World Health Organization, 2023)

Ageism: Older adults are more likely to experience adverse events such as bereavement, or a drop in income or reduced sense of purpose with retirement. Despite their many contributions to society, many older adults are subject to ageism, which can seriously affect people’s mental health.

Social isolation and lonlieness: affects about a quarter of older people, are key risk factors for mental health conditions in later life.

Abuse: which includes any kind of physical, verbal, psychological, sexual or financial abuse, as well as neglect. One in six older adults experience abuse, often by their own carers . Abuse of older adults has serious consequences and can lead to depression and anxiety.

So what can we do?

Key mental health promotion and prevention strategies for healthy ageing include:

measures to reduce financial insecurity and income inequality;

programmes to ensure safe and accessible housing, public buildings and transport;

social support for older adults and their carers;

support for healthy behaviours, especially to eat a balanced diet, be physically active, refrain from tobacco and reduce alcohol use; and

health and social programmes targeted at vulnerable groups such as those who live alone or in remote areas and those living with a chronic health condition.

Helping older adults have a better quality of life is essential for them to have promising/healthy emotional wellbeing. Knowing the signs and symptoms of an adult experiencing negative emotional wellbeing will help with getting them on a path to a healthy life.

References:

World Health Organization. (2023). Mental health of older adults. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mental-health-of-older-adults

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The more we age, the more prone we are to contracting disease. This is why it is imperative to take care of our health in our older years to avoid getting these easily contractable diseases.

Some common diseases in adults are:

Heart disease: The #1 cause of death in America.

Heart disease can include heart defects and heart rhythm problems, as well as narrowed, blocked, or stiffened blood vessels referred to as cardiovascular disease. The blocked blood vessels prevent the body and heart from receiving adequate blood.(O'Neil & Baird, 2019)

Symptoms of cardiovascular disease differ for men and women. Males are more likely to suffer chest pain, while women are more likely to demonstrate shortness of breath, nausea, and extreme fatigue.  Symptoms can also include pain in the arms, legs, neck, jaw, throat, abdomen or back (Mayo Clinic, 2014a). (O'Neil & Baird, 2019)

Cancer: Cancer cells can prompt nearby normal cells to form blood vessels that supply the tumors with oxygen and nutrients, which allows them to grow. These blood vessels also remove waste products from the tumors.  Cancer cells can also hide from the immune system, a network of organs, tissues, and specialized cells that protects the body from infections and other conditions. (O'Neil & Baird, 2019)

There are 100 types of cancer, being present in many body parts such as breast, brain, lung, stomach, etc.

Cholesterol: a waxy fatty substance carried by lipoprotein molecules in the blood. It is created by the body to create hormones and digest fatty foods, and is also found in many foods.  Your body needs cholesterol, but too much can cause heart disease and stroke.  Two important kinds of cholesterol are low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). (O'Neil & Baird, 2019)

Diabetes: a disease in which the body does not control the amount of glucose in the blood. This disease occurs when the body does not make enough insulin or does not use it the way it should (NIH, 2016a). Insulin is a type of hormone that helps glucose in the blood enter cells to give them energy.s the need for insulin increases, cells in the pancreas gradually lose the ability to produce enough insulin.One in three adults are estimated to have prediabetes, and 9 in 10 of them do not know. According to the CDC (2014d) without intervention, 15% to 30% of those with prediabetes will develop diabetes within 5 years. " (O'Neil & Baird, 2019)

The risk factors for diabetes include:

Those over age 45

Obesity

Family history of diabetes

History of gestational diabetes (see Chapter 2)

Race and ethnicity

Physical inactivity

Diet.

Arthritis: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory disease that causes pain, swelling, stiffness, and loss of function in the joints (NIH, 2016b). RA is the second most common form of arthritis after osteoarthritis, which is normal wear and tear on the joints. (O'Neil & Baird, 2019)

Symptoms of Arthritis:

Tender, warm, swollen joints

Symmetrical pattern of affected joints

Joint inflammation often affecting the wrist and finger joints closest to the hand

Joint inflammation sometimes affecting other joints, including the neck, shoulders, elbows, hips, knees, ankles, and feet

Fatigue, occasional fevers, a loss of energy

It is so vital for us to take care of ourselves in our adult lives and live and eat healthy. Regular exercise and healthy food options are going to save us in the long run especially if we decide to have these habits installed in us in our early adulthood lives.

References:

O’Neil, A., & Baird, A. (2019a, September 9). Health concerns in middle adulthood. Always Developing. https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/alwaysdeveloping/chapter/health-concerns/

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Middle Age adults typically have already surpassed their youthful desires and carry on with drastic physical and social changes and declines in vitality, but a desire to remain active despite increasing comorbidity.

Some common accidents/injuries are falls, traumatic brain injuries and motorcycle crashes.

Falls: Each year, 37 million falls occur among older adults age 65 and older.⁴ While not all falls result in an injury, about 37% of those who fall reported an injury that required medical treatment or restricted their activity for at least one day, resulting in an estimated nine million fall injuries.

Motor Vehicle Crashes: According to the CDC "Each year, 37 million falls occur among older adults age 65 and older.⁴ While not all falls result in an injury, about 37% of those who fall reported an injury that required medical treatment or restricted their activity for at least one day, resulting in an estimated nine million fall injuries."

There were over 46 million licensed older drivers, ages 65 and older, in the U.S in 2019. Over 8,000 older adults died in traffic crashes and nearly 252,000 were treated in emergency departments for crash injuries in 2019.

Traumatic Brain Injury: A traumatic brain injury, or TBI, is an injury that affects how the brain works. It may be caused by a:

Bump, blow, or jolt to the head

Penetrating head injury (such as when an object enters the skull and harms the brain)

"In 2020, there were over 64,000 TBI-related deaths in the United States.²

Older adults who get a TBI may face health problems that last a few days or the rest of their lives, depending on the severity of the injury. "

These numbers are very high but here are some ways to prevent these from happening.

References: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023, September 8). Common injuries as we age. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/stillgoingstrong/about/common-injuries-as-we-age.html

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Promoting Health for Older People (Zack D)

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Promoting Health for Older People (Zack D)

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It is a fact that aging increases the risk of chronic diseases. Diseases like dementia, heart disease, type 2 diabetes, arthritis, and cancer all become more likely the older you are. According to the CDC, 6.2 million adults have Alzheimer's disease and 27.2 million adults have arthritis.

Ways to reduce arthritis pain include:

participating in a self-management education program

Be active

maintain a healthy weight

Protect your joints

CDC's 4 Tips to Prevent Chronic Diseases

Don't Smoke

Eat Healthy

Be Active

Limit Drinking

Sources

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023, October). Top 4 Tips to Prevent Chronic Diseases. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

https://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/about/top-four-tips/index.htm

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023, September). Promoting Health for Older Adults. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

https://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/resources/publications/factsheets/promoting-health-for-older-adults.htm

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Older adults are at an increased risk of depression. According to the CDC, What makes older people at high risk is that depression is more common in people with chronic health conditions and 80% of older people have at least one chronic health condition. It is estimated that older people living in the community who have depression range from 1% to 5% but about 13.5% of people who require home healthcare are depressed.

Signs for depression include:

Feelings of hopelessness and/or pessimism

Feelings of guilt, worthlessness, and/or helplessness

Irritability, restlessness

Loss of interest in activities or hobbies once pleasurable

Fatigue and decreased energy

Difficulty concentrating, remembering details, and making decisions

Insomnia, early–morning wakefulness, or excessive sleeping

Overeating or appetite loss

Thoughts of suicide, suicide attempts

Persistent aches or pains, headaches, cramps, or digestive problems that do not get better, even with treatment

Good ways to improve symptoms:

Antidepression drugs

Psychotherapy

or both

If someone you care about is in a crisis then you can:

Call the suicide & crisis lifeline

Call 911

Visit a nearby emergency department or your healthcare provider's office

Sources

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023, June). Depression and Aging. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

https://www.cdc.gov/aging/olderadultsandhealthyaging/depression-and-aging.html

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Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection (RSV)- (Zack D)

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Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection (RSV)- (Zack D)

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According to the CDC, between 60,000-160,000 older adults are hospitalized each year from RSV, and 6,000-10,000 die due to RSV.

Adults at highest risk for severe RSV infections:

older adults

adults with chronic heart or lung disease

adults with weakened immune systems

adults with certain other underlying medical conditions

adults living in nursing homes or long-term care facilities

The best way to prevent RSV is to become vaccinated. Adults 60 and older can get the RSV vaccine at the same time they get their other recommended vaccines.

Side effects of RSV infection include:

Mild cold-like symptoms

Asthma

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Congestive heart failure

RSV can also lead to hospitalization and even death.

Ways to protect loved ones at high risk of RSV:

Wash your hands often

Avoid touching your face with unwashed hands

Avoid close contact with sick people

Cover your coughs and sneezes

Clean frequently touched surfaces

Stay home when you are sick

Sources

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023, July). Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection(RSV). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

https://www.cdc.gov/rsv/high-risk/older-adults.html

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Falls and Traumatic Brain Injuries (Zack D)

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Falls and Traumatic Brain Injuries (Zack D)

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-Falls

According to the CDC, the 8th most common cause of death among older adults is unintentional injuries. Falls make up 58.1% of unintentional injuries. 37 million falls occur among adults age 65 and older each year. Of those 37 million falls about 37% of them result in an injury that requires medical attention(treatment or restricted activity for at least one day).

Common injuries caused by a fall

Hip fracture

TBI-related deaths and hospital admissions (TBI- Traumatic brain injury)

-Dramatic Brain Injuries

A TBI is an injury that affects how the brain works. TBI are commonly caused by a bump, blow, or jolt to the head. The scan also be caused by a Penetrating head injury. Most TBIs occur in older adults and are usually mild(concussions). Depending on the severity of the TBI older adults can face health problems that last a few days or the rest of their lives.

Effects of TBIs include

Problems thinking

Problems with memory

Problems with movement

Sleep problems

Problems related to hearing or seeing

Emotional problems

Sources

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023, September). Still Going Strong. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

https://www.cdc.gov/stillgoingstrong/about/common-injuries-as-we-age.html#

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Vaccines are used to reduce diseases they do this by helping your body create protective antibodies proteins that help fight infections. This means that vaccines have been proven to prevent diseases that can lead to serious complications or even later illness. Some examples of vaccine-preventable diseases are seasonal influenza, Hepatitis B, and human papillomavirus.

Vaccines are a great way to protect yourself and to protect your family and friends. If you get a vaccine it greatly reduces your chances of getting a disease which stops you from being able to pass it on to your loved ones. Some vaccines are only safe/available for people of certain ages which can leave people unvaccinated and unprotected. You being vaccinated is a way for you to protect them.

Many people stand clear from vaccines because they fear the side effects. Yes, vaccines can have side effects but they are almost always on the mild side and go away after a few days. the CDC and other experts carefully review vaccine data ignorer to insure the safety of vaccines before recommending them to the public.

Sources

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023, September). Recommended vaccines for adults. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/adults/rec-vac/index.html

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Ways To Promote Good Health & Mental Well-Being

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Ways To Promote Good Health & Mental Well-Being

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Health promotion is defines as the process of supporting people to increase and improve their overall health whether pharmacologically such as vaccines or physical such as exercise or mental such as counseling or practicing mindfulness techniques.

Regular exercise

vaccine education and promotion

Medication compliance

Health care screenings regularly

Mammogram

Prostate exam

Routine blood work

Healthy diet (MyPlate)

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022, September 8). Promoting health for adults. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/resources/publications/factsheets/promoting-health-for-adults.htm

Gruss, S. M., Nhim, K., Gregg, E., Bell, M., Luman, E., & Albright, A. (2019). Public Health Approaches to Type 2 Diabetes Prevention: the US National Diabetes Prevention Program and Beyond. Current diabetes reports, 19(9), 78. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-019-1200-z

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(Keari C.)

Included in vaccine administration,

Providing education to patients prior to administration to help reduce vaccine hesitancy and to ensure vaccine compliance.

For example the vaccine timelines:

MMR

Hepatitis B

HPV

Shingles

RSV

Reference

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023d, September 8). Recommended vaccines for adults. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/adults/rec-vac/index.html

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In adults between the ages of 40 to 60 experience emotional turmoil such as midlife crisis this is characterized by strong change. One's awareness of mortality may affect their mental health and emotional status.

There are multiple criteria for midlife crisis, can differ from person to person and marked by:

human experiences

unhealthy coping

behavior changes

Monitoring signs and symptoms o mid-life crisis included but not limited to:

Anxiety

Misuse of substances such as alcohol or drugs

Abrupt career change/ quitting job

Behavior changes

antisocial/withdrawn

impulsive

promiscuity

depression

Reminiscencing and reflection about the past

Avoidance-cheating/infidelity

Lack of self-care or dramatic/ enhanced attention to appearance

botox

implants

surgical reconstruction

Financially irresponsible/ impulsively spending

large investments

exaggerated health concerns/ hypochondria

Deep religious and spiritual conversion

Ruminating on past mistakes

Sleep pattern changes may be related to restlessness

Reference
Melinda Smith, M. A. (2023, February). Midlife crisis: Signs, causes, and coping tips. HelpGuide.org. https://www.helpguide.org/articles/aging-issues/midlife-crisis.htm

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (n.d.). Older adults and Mental Health. National Institute of Mental Health. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/older-adults-and-mental-health

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Acoording to the CDC the older adult can reduce chances in the most common injury sustained by this age group are hip fractures (Center Disease Control & Prevention, 2023).
Common injuries amongst middle-aged/older adults between the ages 40-60 are as follows:

Motor vehicle accidents (MVA)/ Motorcycle/bicycle accident

Fall from a ladder or heighten or not fall

may be hazardous cause as well such as occupational cause.

Sustained injuries from a fall or accident

TBI, skeletal, spinal or hip fractures

Assault or abuse

All common injuries precedes substance use & comorbidites such as tobacco, alcohol use. Comorbidities such as HTN, DM, COPD, cancer, mental illness, obesity, autoimmune and other comorbities play a role in common accidents that may occur the middle-age older adult (Gale et al., & 2018).
Ways to prevent injury would include but aren't limited to the following:
(These interventions can be used amongst middle&older adults)

The CDC recommends wearing a helmet when riding in motorcycle or bike, being sure to ride in the correct lanes with appropriate clothing (Center for Prevention of Disease. 2023).

Ensure to obey traffic rules.

Wearing a seatbelt when in the car ensuring its adjusted to the appropriate height.

People with comorbidities, engaged in health prevention promotion such as immunizations and medication compliance.

Physical exercise to influence a healthy BMI and weight and maintain health.

Maintain appropriate ergonomics to prevent injury, especially occupational.

Report any abuse or assault to the local authority or crisis center.

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023, January). Injury center. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/injury/index.html

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023, March). Keep on your feet-preventing older Adult Falls. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/injury/features/older-adult-falls/index.html

Gale, S. C., Peters, J., Murry, J. S., Crystal, J. S., & Dombrovskiy, V. Y. (2018). Injury patterns and outcomes in late middle age (55-65): The intersecting comorbidity with high-risk activity - A retrospective cohort study. Annals of medicine and surgery (2012), 27, 22–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amsu.2018.01.005

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According to the CDC 695,000 people in the United States are affected by a cardiovascular disease.
Common conditions that may affect middle/older aged adults are:
Common in women
-Menopause
-Osteoporosis
-Osteoarthritis
Common in the older adult
-Influenza
-Pneumonia
-Early Dementia
Common in middle aged adult
-Obesity
-Diabetes
-Cancer
-Hyperlipidemia
-Hypertension
-Anxiety/depression

These diseases are not just limited to just the middle or older adult and they can have more than just one disease or illness occurring at a time.

Reference
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023, May). Heart disease facts. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/facts.htm#:~:text=Heart%20disease%20is%20the%20leading,groups%20in%20the%20United%20States.&text=One%20person%20dies%20every%2033,United%20States%20from%20cardiovascular%20disease.&text=About%20695%2C000%20people%20in%20the,1%20in%20every%205%20deaths.
Jaul, E., & Barron, J. (2017). Age-Related Diseases and Clinical and Public Health Implications for the 85 Years Old and Over Population. Frontiers in public health, 5, 335. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2017.00335

Minkin M. J. (2019). Menopause: Hormones, Lifestyle, and Optimizing Aging. Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America, 46(3), 501–514. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ogc.2019.04.008

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Several preventable diseases cause significant illness and even death in unvaccinated seniors. An estimated 45,000 adults die annually from complications due to vaccine-preventable diseases.

These are among the most commonly contracted diseases found in older adults:
COVID 19 Vaccine
Influenza (Flu) Vaccine
Tetanus-diptheria-pertussis vaccine (Tdap).
Pneumococcal vaccine

It is important for older adults to keep vaccines current: they may not have been vaccinated as a child, new vaccinations may now be available, immunity may have faded, and most importantly, seniors are more susceptible to serious and possibly life-threatening infections.

References:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/adults/index.html

John Muir Health. (2023). Retrieved from https://www.johnmuirhealth.com/health-education/health-wellness/Immunizations/senior-immunizations.html#:~:text=The%20most%20important%20vaccinations%20seniors,%2Dpertussis%20vaccine%20(Tdap).

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Each student must complete the following:

-Vaccine Requirements
-Common Accidents
-Common Diseases/Illnesses
-Mental/Emotional Concerns
-Health Promotion & Prevention Strategies for the above

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Middle Age is between 45 and 64 years of age and is when the effects of harmful exposures and health behaviors often start to appear. At this age, adults may experience the onset of chronic diseases or other health problems (Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, 2021)
Older Adult is generally considered 65 years and older. Older adults can have healthy and productive lives. As we age, mental and physical health does change:

The number of Americans aged 65 and older is projected to double from 46 million to more than 98 million by 2060. It will be the first time in history that the number of older adults outnumbers children under age 5 (American Psychological Association, 2022).

Approximately 92 percent of older adults have at least one chronic condition, and 77 percent have two or more (American Psychological Association, 2022).

References

American Psychological Association. (2022). Older adults-Health and age-related changes.
https://www.apa.org/pi/aging/resources/guides/older

Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. (2021, September 1). Cancer prevention during midlife. https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/dcpc/prevention/midlife.htm

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Keari Cureton
Zachary Doering
Lily MacFarlane
Isaiah Hill-Goldsmith