# data[].attributes.body
Quality measures are relevant in ensuring continual improvement and adherence to standards because they ensure that the product meets a certain standard and outline what needs to be done for a product to be considered as quality.

# data[].attributes.body
Error management and corrective action is significant in milk sample testing and the prevention of future errors. This is because it is used to identify errors, find the source of the error, and incorporate processes to ensure the error doesn't occur again.

# data[].attributes.body
Standards New Zealand. (2018). General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories (NZS ISO/IEC 17025).

# data[].attributes.body
Training - If the person processing reporting the results is incorrectly trained they will not be able to identify non-conformities or issues within the reports.
Measurement Uncertainty - There may be variations in the results due to measurement uncertainty, which may cause minor fluctuations in some results.
Invalid Results - Results that are not within an acceptable range should be detected at this process in the milk sample testing process.

# data[].attributes.body
Contamination - From exposure and handling.
Faulty, Damaged, or Uncalibrated Testing Equipment - May cause inaccuracy in the test results.
Incorrectly Performed Traceability - May cause a sample to be used for the wrong tests or become contaminated.
Test Methods - If the testing method isn't suitable for the application this can lead to confusion, inaccurate results, and a poor business reputation.
Insufficient Training - If the personnel are not qualified for the testing being performed this may lead to inaccuracy and the incorrect performance of the testing.
Insufficient Facilities - If the sample testing is performed in an environment that isn't suitable to the tests being performed, contamination and interference may occur. If there are different types of testing being performed in the same area, then insufficient separation may cause cross contamination between samples as well as mix ups of samples.
Insufficient Technical Recording - If steps are not adequately traced and results not adequately reported this may lead to errors in the testing process and a loss of important data, which will then affect the results that are reported to the client.

# data[].attributes.body
Contamination - From exposure and handling.
Errors In Traceability Of Samples - Mix ups and labelling errors may cause incorrect testing to be done on the sample.
Insufficient Storage Conditions - Faulty storage spaces, lack of an organizational system, and environmental factors such as humidity or airflow.

# data[].attributes.body
Contamination - From exposure to environment and handling.
Spoilage - From exposure to high temperatures.
Storage - If the milk is inadequately stored it may not be viable for testing once it arrives at the laboratory.
Time - How long it takes between the milk sample being taken and the sample arriving at the laboratory for testing.
Insufficient Training - The person taking the sample may be unaware of the correct sampling processes and procedures, as well as potential risks when taking the sample that may lead to the sample being compromised.

# data[].attributes.headline
Effective Measures to Prevent Non-Conformances

# data[].attributes.subject
Effective Measures to Prevent Non-Conformances

# data[].attributes.body
Training - Ensure the person processing and reporting the results is adequately trained and has authorization to perform the task for the specific testing that was done on the sample.
Measurement Uncertainty - Appropriate analysis of the testing method and possible causes of measurement uncertainties should take place, and the findings should be taken into account during the processing and reporting of results.
Result Validation - Trends in testing results should be recorded and referred to when processing further results so outliers can be identified and non-conformities or errors can be detected.

# data[].attributes.body
This is an information resource regarding the sampling, transportation, reception, storage, sample testing, processing, and result reporting processes within a laboratory where milk testing is being performed. This is in relation to Quality Assurance in the laboratory, which is the processes used to manage the continuous quality of a product in regards to every stage of the production process.

# data[].attributes.body
Accreditation is when an entity is granted a certificate to perform a test or set of tests within their laboratory. A certificate of accreditation is an indication that a laboratory testing procedure being followed within a laboratory complies with the appropriate national and international standards. It is an important factor of laboratory Quality Assurance because accreditation is required for most laboratories to provide services to clients in accordance with national legislation.

# data[].attributes.headline
Effective Measures to Prevent Non-Conformances

# data[].attributes.subject
Effective Measures to Prevent Non-Conformances

# data[].attributes.body
Metrological Traceability Processes - Using a barcode system and sample identification number to keep track of each individual sample. Ensuring the sample being labelled matches with the sample description and the tests that will be performed on it.

# data[].attributes.headline
Effective Measures to Prevent Non-Conformances

# data[].attributes.subject
Effective Measures to Prevent Non-Conformances

# data[].attributes.body
Maintenance of Equipment and Resources (6.4) - Ensuring all equipment is correctly calibrated through routine checks. The laboratory must have an equipment maintenance system to ensure all equipment being used in the laboratory is up to standard.
Metrological Traceability - Ensuring that traceability factors are correctly implemented and followed so that a sample is able to be tracked through the entire process and any potential issues or non-conformances identified early on.
Test Methods - Ensuring that the tests being performed on the sample are suitable to the application, are being performed correctly, and have been correctly validated and certified.
Training - Assure the personnel performing the sample testing have the correct training and authorization.
Facilities - Ensure different duties are adequately separated and environmental conditions are met through measures such as temperature and airflow control.
Technical Records - Keep track of every step of the testing process so the causes of potential errors or non-conformances can be identified.

# data[].attributes.headline
Effective Measures to Prevent Non-Conformances

# data[].attributes.subject
Effective Measures to Prevent Non-Conformances

# data[].attributes.body
Contamination - Ensure correct hygiene practices are being followed during the collection of the sample and that the sample isn't exposed to potential sources of contamination.
Spoilage - Ensure the sample is kept at a safe temperature at all times and isn't exposed to temperatures that may cause microbial growth or an alteration in the properties of the milk.
Storage - Ensure the sample is in an appropriate container that will prevent any contaminants, spillages, or changes in the sample.
Time - Ensure the sample is taken and transported for testing within a suitable timeframe as to prevent the chances of the sample going off before it arrives at the testing facility.
Training - The person taking the sample must be made aware of the correct processes and procedures, as well as potential risks and causes of contamination. There should be a written process for sample taking that the person taking the sample must have access to and be able to follow.

# data[].attributes.body
6.2 - Personnel (Training)
7.3 - Sampling
7.4 - Handling of Testing or Calibration Items
7.8.5 - Reporting Sampling (Specific Requirements)

(Standards New Zealand, 2018)

# data[].attributes.body
6.2 - Personnel
6.3 - Facilities
6.4 - Equipment
6.5 - Metrological Traceability
7.2 - Selection, Verification, and Validation of Methods
7.4 - Handling of Test or Calibration Items
7.5 - Technical Records

(Standards New Zealand, 2018)

# data[].attributes.body
6.1 - General Resource Requirements
6.3 - Facilities and Environmental Conditions
6.4 - Equipment
6.5 - Metrological Traceability

(Standards New Zealand, 2018)

# data[].attributes.body
4.1 - Impartiality
4.2 - Confidentiality
6.2 - Personnel
7.6 - Evaluation of Measurement Uncertainty
7.7 - Ensuring the Validity of the Tests
7.8 - Reporting of Results
7.11 - Control of Data and Information Management

(Standards New Zealand, 2018)

# data[].attributes.body
In the case of a Milk sampling laboratory, Quality Assurance is used to ensure the test results returned to the customers are accurate and reliable. The document used to manage the Quality Assurance within the laboratory is ISO/NZS 17025. Laboratory quality assurance is important because it ensures the laboratory complies to standards suitable within the international market and partakes in proper laboratory practices. Quality assurance also reduces the risk of errors that may result in unsafe products being released to the general public.