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Naatu Naatu on Guitar

Percussion is from the body of the guitar

melody from the actual guitar playing

beginning melody E-B

Link to Song: above

Time Stamp for a 2-minute clip

0:00- 2:00

Fade out by pulling guitar strings

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Naatu Naatu Song (Telugu)| RRR Songs NTR,Ram Charan | MM Keeravaani | SS Rajamouli|Telugu Songs 2021

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Upload 1

Written Program Notes

Track List

Visual Evidence (scores ect.)

Bibliography

Upload 2

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Ask Mr. Antuma about using my song for the CAS Project and this project

record May concert

Look at Carnegie Hall Digital Music Explanation Series

Minute long

Start with melody idea

Decide on the form

Program Note Writing

Info about Composer

Background on piece

What you should expect to hear

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Exploring Music in Context (DONE!!)

(Put in Google Drive)

Report

Creating Excercise- 1 min

Stimulus Material- 1 min

Arranging Excercise- 2min

Track List (in the bibliography)

Reference Material for songs- 3 minutes

Reference Sheet for grader

Experimenting with Music (Use AOI's you didn't use for Exploring)

Local or Global Only

Report

Related creating excerpts- 5 min

3 performing excerpts- 5 min

Presenting Music (Performing) (Every AOI)

Written programme notes about each piece (600 words)

Composition or Improv 6 min maximum

12 minutes total from ensemble performance recordings + 2 minutes

Contemporary Music Maker (HL)

Collaboration necessary

Multimedia (video, performance of music)

Requires solos

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Founded by Ibrahim Ag Alhabib after he was inspired by guitar playing in a film. He made his guitar out of materials he had available to him

Created the name The Desert Boys and formed a group. Rebel movement fighting for an independent Muslim state. Meant to spread a message of hope and unity between warring areas. Gave their music out to anyone who provided them with a blank tape. Wandering nomads

Their music was outlawed by the government

Water Is Life by Tinariwen

Guitar melody

Repetitive drum beat

A choir of voices in the background with the main lead singer in the front

Lots of repeating notes and patterns

Vocal ululating in the background

voice and guitar mimicking each other

Could be used for AOI 1 or 2

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Key: D Mixolydian

D E F# G A B C D

w w h w w h W

One vocal line

Features

Melimsatic phrase- quarter notes mainly with a few eighth notes for the top pitches before descending again

up and down wave pitch pattern

end- sustained note

New word starts on the same note as the last phrase

Topic- Care of mother earth

English Lyrics: Mother Earth Hold Your Children

O mother of our earth

you hold your children so warm

without your embrace, we are lost

Keep us fed and keep us loved

your name we praise

your name we praise

Oh mother earth

your name we praise

love thy children

rain glory on us

A kind and courageous mother

From whom we are born

So kind to give us life

love thy children

rain glory on us

Glory be your name

love thy children

rain glory on us

Latin Lyrics: Mater terra filios tuos

O mater terrae

tenetis filios calefacti

sine amplexu perimus

Serva nos pavit et serva nos amatos

nomen tuum laudamus

nomen tuum laudamus

O mater terrae

nomen tuum laudamus

diligite filios tuos

pluet nobis gloria

Mater benigna et audax

Ex quo nascimur

Sic genus ad nos vitam

diligite filios tuos

pluet nobis gloria

gloria nomen tuum

diligite filios tuos

pluet nobis gloria

Translator site- https://www.m-translate.org.ua/translator-en/latin

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Seamlessly Translate English to Latin Online with Our Cutting-Edge Service

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English-Latin translator produces a word or phrase translation quickly as a flash. Gratis Latin translator is a high qualitative online service

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drone with voice over top

Mixing style- Some things are mixed to be closer up when you listen to it

Double Harmonic scale common sounds for middle eastern music

Clashing chords to create dissonance

Smooth switch between major and minor

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Influenced the Beatles a lot

Skiffle music- lost of fast paces vocal melodies. Focus on guitar and accessible instruments. Meant to show a difference between the generations. Heavily influenced Rock and Roll musicians

The Beatles

Wrote many songs protesting the Vietnam War, such as Give Peace a Chance, All You Need is Love, and Revolution

They released two of their songs in German for a international version of the songs

Their song Lucy in the Sky With Diamonds influenced the name of the first early human discovered.

They worked with the singer Yoko Ono who supposedly contributed to the band breaking up

Theory McCartney actually died in a car crash and was cloned lol.

Started in highschool in 1958

Penny Lane, Obladee-oblada, Across the Universe, Day in the Life, and For the Benefit of Mr. Kite are some of my favorite songs.

How much did they contribute to the culture of Boy Bands- The answer to put it simply is yes.

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Key Change- Permanently changing it for the entire song.

Modulation- Temporary in the middle/bridge into a different key for a short amount of time

that will switch back to the original key.

But it can also be about accidentals in a established key

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2-9-2024 Rewrote Mario in 3 Different Styles

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2-9-2024 Rewrote Mario in 3 Different Styles

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Major chords from outside of the key sound more major and vice versa with minor

Focus on shape and orchestration

Layering is important for the sound texture

Creation Part Brainstorm

Original- drum and mandolin

Adaptation- Guitar maybe?

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Contrasting melody lines

2 point=2 melodies and so on

Used commonly in musicals: anything by Sondheim, Les Miserables, and more

Fugues require counterpoint to be considered fugues

Songs that go in a round are also counterpoint pieces

Rules

Don't go down the same direction and interval otherwise the lines meld together

consecutive 5ths octaves

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the tune

pitches and intervals

horizontal aspect of music

A basic element of music, a series of notes that complement each other and form an interesting pattern/tune

range- the distance between the highest and lowest note in a piece

contour- The shape of the melody going upwards or downward.

movement- how far the intervals are apart from each note pair.

small intervals: conjunct

larger intervals: disjunct

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Augmentation and Diminution Retrograde and Retrograde Inversion

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Augmentation and Diminution Retrograde and Retrograde Inversion

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Augmentation- keeping the same melody just elongating the note values.

Diminution- keeping the same melody but shortening the note values.

Retrograde- going backward from the original melody. Just reverse the order of the notes.

Retrograde Inversion- Backwards and upside down?

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27th Annual Sphinx Competition Finals Concert

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27th Annual Sphinx Competition Finals Concert

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Samuel Coleridge-Taylor

Some called the composer the black Dvorak (divorjack)

or Mahler. from London. Died very young

Music Observations

The backing orchestra repeats the lead violin

Very intense fast violin phrases

Legato lines as well

I didn't have much time to make observations since I was also trying to research lol

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Jessie Montgomery- Current orchestral composer. Activist, educator and musician and merges all of this into her pieces

Banner- rhapsody on the Star Spangled Banner

Based on marching band form

Starts with a very tense build up with a barely noticeable resolution fading into it cleanly

Polyrythmic parts which almost sound too chaotic to be enjoyable

Melody lines hold the more disjointed lines in place

Very oppressive drum beat/ bass in most of it

Fascinating usage of the bows on the strig instruments creating a light long sound with the side of the bow

Slower B section which is a little more cohesive. Mournful sound with long notes

Drum pulse guides new part of the song

overall a very stilted song that seems to portray unease or instability with moments of clarity that shine through. Unfinished lines leave a feeling of unfinished potential which is purposeful for her intention.

What does an anthem of a multicultural environment sound like?

Many different parts

Chaos

ik

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What types of music interest me and why?

Progressive rock- My dad is a huge fan of this music and I've been listening to it for a long time. I like the complexity that many of these songs have like the band Dream Theatre or Radiohead (Like Pyramid song which is very different from usual western music)

Blues and Jazz- I love the emotion and energy in this kind of music and find it the most fun to sing due to the freedom of notes

Celtic- My dad and my mom have some Irish roots and have played Celtic bands for me before. Same as Jazz and blues I love the energy of it plus the cultural significance (drinking songs that are very social in nature)

What world music would you like to explore?

Indian music

What other instrument would I like to learn?

Piano or Drums

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C: innocence

Cm: innocence, sadness, evokes yearning

C#m:Passionate and deep

Db: Depressive masked by an air of happiness

D: Triumphant and victorious

Dm: serious and melancholic

D#m: deep anxious feeling

Eb: cruelty, but also devoted love

How Composers Choose:

1. Based on the instrument

2. Pitch- where the instruments are in the octave and what register is heard.

3. Personal Predjudice- Keys the artist thinks sounds the best based on personal preference

4. General Prejudice- The structure of learning music means that keys like Cmaj or Amin get more attention. The wording sharps and flats influence our idea of their sounds.

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The first thing I decided to start with was the key signature, since I often have the most trouble figuring it out after the fact. Then I wanted to figure out how I would differentiate the A section from the B section so I decided a change of key would help. It was a slight change not too obvious since I still wanted the phrases to meld together well. Then I figured out what chords were present in each key signature in case I wanted to use them.

When beginning to compose I had a difficult time translating what I was playing to what I was writing on the sheet music. So I would play the notes as half notes but write them as quarter of even eighth notes instead. So after I had my notes decided through choosing different intervals, I had to go back through and change the sheet music to match my idea. I started with a simple melody with no chords in order to get an idea of what I wanted it to be. In the A and B sections I used repeating descending notes in order to create the melody. Finally I added in some chords on half notes or whole notes in order to add more color to the piece and bring some weight to the end of phrases.

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Ternary or ABA form song structure

Andante in Eb maj by Mozart (1756-1791) Slower in part A

Wrote during his tour in London

A part ends on a perfect cadence

B part ends with a half cadence

Alleuia (Ostende Nobis Domine)

Gregorian Chant

Alleuia is the A part

B part is other words

How the heck do we read neums?

Everything is Awesome

A-B-A-(C-B) A-D-A

Tempo changes keep things interesting

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Starts on the first note of the key you are in

Progression of at least 2 chords at the end of a musical phrase

Half- Any to a V

Authentic- V- I

Plagal- IV- I

Deceptive- V to anything but I

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Telling a story through only singing and music. Different from a musical which has actual dialogue.

Aria(solo) Duet Chorus

La Boeheme: Musetta's Waltz

Facial Expressions and movements help show the story

really high singing and a specific shaping of the vowels

Repeated Lyrics

Carmen: Habanera

The chorus behind the solo singer. Very performative in the dynamics.

With the Stars Shining Brightly

Deeper tone voice

Colline's Aria

Very open sound

Hip Hopera

Connected the rhythm and the form of hip-hop and opera together.

What music genre would you mash together?

Rock and Bluegrass/Folksy Music

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Tarova by Snarky Puppy

Repetitive drumline

There are lots of offbeat notes

2 chord progression repeated

Descending notes with the brass instruments

Drumbeat starts the song

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Leitmotifs for all the groups of characters blend together and match with what is happening in the theme.

Fellowship Theme

It builds up as the Fellowship is formed till it is fully realized and the music includes all of its instruments

Other themes can interact with each other and show the current situation based on whether the themes fade in or out.

Variations demonstrate different moods and ideas.

Time signature changes also help with mood The Orcs vs. The Fellowship

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Instruments:
Quanun-Stringed zither using finger picks, able to be utilized quarter tones
oud- Early version of the guitar more rounded shape.

Music is played by everyone but do not consider themselves musicians.

there is a word for the feeling of music when it is so good it's euphoric

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Single Variation of Two by Casino Versus Japan

Electronic instruments

The next loop takes elements of the previous one

The background melody does not quite match with the drums in the background causing some dissonance.

An ascending scale added to the other lines of music for a few measures

Fade out towards the end

Lots of looping music lines

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Immersing yourself in the culture in order to write something within it

Faster rhythm for more intense moments

Lots of violins (instrument Sherlock Holmes plays)
Accordion and clarinet as well

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Salsa Music
From Cuba, heavily influenced by African music. Trumpet, vocalizing, specific repetitive pattern. Bongo drums. tambourine, Saxophone.
Merengue
Dominican Republic, African music and the French Minuet.
Reggaton

Bachata
Rolling beat with the drums. Guitar accompanying the main melody. Vocalization (ay yay yay, didididi)
Tango
Samba
Ranchera
Style of music played by mariachi bands. Trumpets follow the vocals with a fast rythym
Norteno

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Modes are essentially scales of notes ending and beginning on the same note.
They are measured on how light-dark the sound is of each. They can be used in any key. What's important is the space between the notes(intervals). Used to further color the sound or change the tone(modal interchange) in order to express a shift in feeling.
Brightest-Darkest + Intervals
1. Lydian- WWWhWWh

2.Ionian (Major) WWhWWWh

3.Mixolydian- WWhWWhW

4.Dorian(common in Irish Music)- WhWWWhW

5.Aeolian(Minor)- WhWWhWW

6. Phrygian- hWWWhWW

7. Locrian(not commonly used)-hWWhWWW

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Personal Research Assignment on Romantic Era 

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Personal Research Assignment on Romantic Era 

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Antonin Dvorak (1841-1904):
Famous Compositions
New World Symphony
Songs My Mother Taught Me

Inspired heavily by folk tales and music from various cultures.
Also learned many of the aspects of Spirituals and implemented that into this own work. Wrote 9 operas in Czech meant to show the spirit of Czech as a country. Ended up moving to Iowa a place with many Czech immigrants and stayed there a lot of the time. He also visited England at least 5 times.
I would really love it if these people actually named most of their songs instead of just calling them Cello Concertos and other vague things so that I could tell any differentiation between them or what their goal was.
Towards the end of his life, he moved back to Bohemia due to homesickness.

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Influence of Religion on Musical Expression Across Various Cultures and Timeperiods 9/13/23

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Influence of Religion on Musical Expression Across Various Cultures and Timeperiods 9/13/23

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Learning the UP Theme Song by Ear on Piano 

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Learning the UP Theme Song by Ear on Piano 

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Song #1: Pyramid Song by Radiohead
Halted piano in some parts. Vocals and piano don't quite match causing lots of dissonance. Makes the song itself feel haunting and scary. The vocal note direction going down means the song feels very muted.
Song #2: Millwall by Mistabishii
Instruments in the beginning panned to feel slightly behind my head making me feel tense. The notes stay the same but the instruments change keeping it interesting and coherent. Ends with the same instruments in back, but added in a slower synth to close out the piece.
Song(s)#3 This Must Be the Place by The Talking Heads or Gloria
String guitar on Gloria version is a smaller less heavy sound. Vocals stay the same volume leading it to feel straightforward and almost flat. Talking Heads version adds more instrument layers and changes the volume of them to make it seem more dynamic. Some lyrics are given more volume and therefore standout within the piece making it even more engaging.

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Work in Progress Different Cars and Different Roads

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Work in Progress Different Cars and Different Roads

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Count Your Blue Skies
This is the only song I made that included harmony vocals of any kind. It was a choice I made to add musical interest. The harmonies are lower than the top melody line in order to add some depth and emphasis to some of the lyrics. The backing guitar chords are Dmaj, Dmaj7, Gmaj, and Amaj, in the key of G. There was no real reason I did this, I simply used chords I knew and matched them up to my lyric melody idea. I am the kind of person who starts with the lyrics, as I find they convey the most emotion. Then go from there. If I were to go back in and recompose this song I would try and add more interest to the instrumentation. Perhaps integrate piano or some guitar riffs.
Grow Up ( Go Up)

Disconnect
This was the first song I've ever attempted to compose on piano. The main thing I would change is how simplistic the music is. I would like to go back and add more flourishes to these songs, putting more into the single-note phrases, such as adding more notes or a better rhythm.

Make it Work

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Song #1: Serenade to a Cuckoo by Rahsaan Roland Kirk
Flute is a very bouncy sound. There isn't any singing but there are interjections from a voice. Sounds implying dissatisfaction with the performance. Then the flute responds with more and more complex melodies in an attempt to appease this voice. It's a comedic piece. There is also a piano accompanying the flute.  The flute has a repeating musical phrase until the very end, perfectly mimicking the call of a cuckoo bird.
Song #2: Stockholm Syndrome by Muse
Fast guitar and drums lead to a sense of urgency at the beginning. Lyrics are from the POV of a Stockholm Syndrome victim, saying how they wish they could abandon the person they are attached to. Repeating guitar riff that stutters, continuing the feeling of urgency or difficulty escaping. Backing vocals add weight to phrases such as "abandon you"
The guitar becomes increasingly frantic and distorted showing the mental state of the person singing. ends with a guitar slowly losng volume with a whammy bar bringing in waves of sound that almost sound confused and directionless.
Song #3: Here Comes the Sun by Nina Simone
Her version differs from The Beatles version which is more well known. its much slower and her voice is more crooning. Softer song that is lower energy. More lounge jazz singer than The Beatles. More breaks for the piano to riff and lend itself to the atmosphere. Energy picks up a bit in the very end before fading out.
Song #4: "Anata Dake No Mono [あなただけのもの]" I'm All Yours by Yumi Arai
Cute love song that ramps up in the middle. Starts slow and kind of contemplative then declarative with the middle phrase "I'm all yours" which the music follows in intensity. The brass in the back and the bounct beat is reminicent of jazz.

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Song #1: 50 Ways to Leave Your Lover by Paul Simon
Starts slow with the music and vocals. Then the chorus has a repeating bouncy rhythm that's really easy to listen to. Rhyming in the lyrics adds to the bouncy feeling.

Song #2: Your Dead by Norma Tanega
Banjo and tambourine are traditional folk music instruments. The singer has a matter of fact way of speaking the lyrics "you're dead" saying it as though its a casual thing. The music's melody mimics the lyrics with little riffs in between. Cleverly used in the show What We Do in the Shadows as the intro. It's a show about vampires and other supernatural creatures extremely out of touch with modern life and highly comedic. so the lyrics "You're dead and out of this world" fit perfectly for a show like that.

Song #3: Green Hill Zone by John Batiste
Repeating musical phrase which resolves itself each time. Then variations on these notes added in to keep the piece interesting. Interesting arrangement of the original Sonic The Hedgehog SEGA version. The original version is faster with electronic instruments meant to pace the game. This version is slower with a clear piano changing the feeling you get to be more calm.

Song#4: Good Days by SZA
Hip Hop style singing matched with synths. verse is very consistent in terms of volume and tempo. The chorus is where the song ramps up, similar to many songs on this list. (it's becoming a pattern). Subtle additions though, not an obvious change in atmosphere.

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Song #1: Dead Wood by Toni Braxton
Tinkling bells add a sense of whimsy. Harmony in the backing vocals. Drums come in and set the beat with guitar and violin adding in more layers. Vocals on top as the focus. Key change adding interest to the song. singer has a growl or whine quality to their voice, adding to the intensity of the emotion.

Song #2: Definition by Black Star
Drums in a traditional African style that then morphs into modern drums. Rapping lyrics. The notes in the chorus are reminiscent of traditional African music. the "1 2 3" go up in a note pattern similar to that.

Song #3: Crickets Sing for Anamaria by Marcos Valle
Mainly repeating phrase that changes in note direction. instruments in the background set the beat and keep everything together.

Song #4: The Chain by Fleetwood Mac
Guitar leads in slowly then gets faster when the lyrics join. Steady beat from the bass drum. the music resolves itself after the lyrics finish finalizing the phrase. lyrics keep the same pattern. Heavier drums during the chorus leads to a higher intensity. choral vocals echoing the chorus add another layer of interest. Guitar riff that stays the same. drum beat gets louder queuing in more instruments.

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Song #1: Sunday Bloody Sunday by U2
The drums are an intense metallic sound (snare) that emulates the sounds of battle and destruction. It doesn't have the marching beat that is common with revolutionary songs. I think this might be because this song is not a call to action. Marching songs are just that. A song to sing that lifts spirits while they march or anything like that. This song is about raising awareness. Saying there is no reason to fight at all. The lyrics "How long must we sing this song?" is a question sung almost out of desperation. Towards the middle of the song you can hear fiddles playing in a traditional Irish folk music style. Reminding you of what the song is about and showing some cultural pride.
Song #2: Bella Ciao by Fonola Band
This is a famous revolutionary song from Italy. It talks about the soldiers who are leaving and the pride of dying for the cause. Bella Ciao means Beauty Bye. referring to dying as a partisan and saying goodbye. With the final verses saying people in the future will remember the partisans by the beautiful flowers they leave. This is a protest song with a marching beat as I referenced earlier in the above song. Started as a protest song for field workers, then an anthem for revolutionary groups against fascism during World War II. Interesting how songs can be adopted by multiple causes.
Song #3: Barracuda by Heart
Pulsing guitar beat that matches the drum. the lyrics are emphasized by instruments at the end of a phrase. The singer is comparing someone to the Barracuda using symbolism there. Repeating notes and slightly altered phrases right next to each other.
Song #4: Also sprach Zarathustra Op. 30 composed by Richard Strauss
Starts as a simple note progression that is the rising action of the song. Which is then added onto with more complicated musical phrases. Sustained note at the very end to finish the piece.

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Song #1: Rhapsody in Blue by George Gershwin
Moments where it goes slow and goes fast. All of the notes are close together in the key. Almost creates a whimsical feeling. the song has a repeating musical phrase played by multiple instruments and in different keys going down. An exploratory type of song.
Song#2: Vocalise by Cosmic Voices of Bulgaria
A large amount of harmonies. More than often found in Western music. Very well-balanced. The dynamics crescendo and decrescendo the notes in a wavelike pattern that drifts in and out.
Song#3: Riki Maru by Wadaiko Matsuriza
Drums mainly change in tempo and strength. A frantic beat. Then it becomes more consistent with echoing drums. the rhythm is extremely important in this song since it is only drums that have no pitch. Not the kind of music I would listen to all of the time because the fast drums make me feel extremely tense.
Song#4: Swimming Pools(Drank) by Kendrick Lamar
Lyrics in a spoken style in the front. The rhythm of the rapping is easy to dance to. The music becomes more and more intense in the chorus and then backs out in the verses. Giving the lyrics themselves more time to breathe. Repeating chorus with an echoing backing vocal.

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Song#1: U Se Mcani by Letta Mbulu and Hugh Masekala
Upbeat song with a fast rhythm. Lyrics are in an African-clicking language like Xhosa. The melody is full of ascending notes. The drums in the background solidify the upbeat feeling of the song. Keeping time and making the song easy to dance to.

Song#2: Uptownship by Hugh Masekela
Swing jazz style. With trumpets and long sustained notes. Subtle drum beat in the background. Note progressions mimicking each other. (common theme in music)

Song#3:Melody by Serge Gainsbourg
Guitar riffs add musical interest. Notes following up the scale. The soft drum beat in the back. Swanky kind of music (idk how else to describe it). Lyrics are in a spoken rhythm in French. Almost like spoken word poetry, with music in the background.

Song#4: It's My House by Diana Ross
Piano chord at the end of a riff that is a consistent note. The music swells in some places and backs off in others. Riffs from the trumpet were added during the 2nd verse to keep the song interesting. Keeps the same melody as the earlier instrument.

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Song#1: Rosa Maria by Camaron de Isla, Paco de Lucia
Fast guitar with rhythmic clapping. A staple of Tango music. Vocals are almost yelled over the music. The notes of the lyrics go up and down the scale very fast in a step-wise motion. Sometimes the note changes 3 times within one word.

Song#2:Sale La Luna by Bulerias y Vicente Soto Sordera
Another tango song with less guitar. The clapping in the background remains the same as well as the vocals shifting quickly up and down the scale. The guitar also descends and ascends the scale with more complicated riffs in between.

Song#3:Rachel's Song by Vangelis
Soft sound with chiming instruments. Slow rhythm slowly building up. Vocalizing going up and down and resolving itself within the key. Very haunting vocals on top of a xylophone that almost sounds like water drops.

Song #4: Love Theme by Vangelis
This is a different song from the same body of work. Saxophones bring a jazzy feeling to the song. With the answering piano. Slow theme that swells and rises then dips back down. Fitting to be called Love Song since the swelling reminds me of a swell of emotion.

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Trills and grace notes became popular (ornamentation)
Harpsichord was a popular keyboard instrument
Music notation was not quite standardized yet so lots of it was up to the interpretation of the players and conductor.
Famous composers from the era are Bach, Vivaldi and Handel

Bach: Worked as a musician in 3 different jobs and wasn't recognized for his work until years later.

Vivaldi: Became a priest but spent most time composing music. had bright red hair. Taught an all-girl orchestra from an orphanage. Performers were concealed from the audience. Worked there for more than 40 years. Also wrote operas

Handel: Father did not support his music career. learned to play on a clavichord. Ended up being the court composer of King George. Threatened to toss a soprano out the window (understandable honestly)

Handel

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Main Elements of the Classic Era
1. Simplistic: Simple melodies with a large number of instruments. Moved from the lavish Baroque Era.
2. Classicism: focus on classic works and culture. (Ancient Greek etc.)
3. Accessibility: became more accessible to the general public through public concerts.

Composers:
Mozart
A child prodigy who toured with his sister to show off his talent. Wrote symphonies and serenades(celebrations) and all kinds of music... Also created religious music for a while. Moved to Vienna which was a hub of music talent at the time. His childhood prodigy status means he was bad at managing his money and hated his status as a servant to the upper class.

Hadyn
Rich and respected with music education from a young age. Moved to Vienna at 8 years old to be in a boy's choir. Jokester with playful musical phrases. The Suprise Symphony(sudden loud booms during quiet movements) and The Farewell Symphony(The musicians get up and start leaving towards the end of the song) were Hired by a king who had a high appreciation for music. Famous for the quartets and symphonies he wrote. Wrote part of the music for the German national anthem.

Schubert

Beethoven.

Types of Pieces
Symphony: 4 music movements (except for one of Beethoven's).
Opera Music: during
Concerto: 3 movements in a concerto. Slow, fast, slow

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Musicians were no longer employed by nobles so more room to experiment and create complex pieces. Used almost all the instruments of a modern orchestra.
Names of pieces changed to be more creative
Composers would use folklore to create songs related to their country (nationalism)

Beethoven was a bridge between the Classical and Romantic Eras.

Expression of emotion was the main point of music in the Romantic Era. (i.e. composing music to match a thunderstorm)

Different melody lines instead of the same phrase repeated by different instruments with slight differences. Gradual crescendos and decresendos (swells)

Wagner pioneered leitmotifs during this time- each character having their own musical phrase. (Ride of the Valkyries)

Other famous composers: Brahm, Puccini, Berlioz,

Finlandia- a nationalistic plea to Russia to allow Finland its independence.

Mendelsohn- Wrote a song for Midsummer Night's Dream(overture)

Anton Dvorksak: Inspired by spirituals. Inspired by nature. Looked for interest and inspiration in America