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A clipping mask is a group of layers to which a mask is applied.

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The Transform feature allows users to alter their object or selection in a variety of ways, such as scale, rotate, distort, or flip (mirror).

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Kerning is the spacing between individual letters or characters.

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The vertical space between lines of type is called leading.

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About kerning and tracking. Kerning is the process of adding or subtracting space between specific pairs of characters. Tracking is the process of loosening or tightening a block of text.

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The Select and Mask Properties panel has multiple controls for refining all the edges of a selection

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The Sharpen tool focuses soft edges in a photo to increase clarity or focus.

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The Blur tool allows you to paint blur effect on specific areas of an image

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The Burn tool darkens areas of an image.

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The Dodge tool and the Burn tool lighten or darken areas of the image.

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The sponge tool in Photoshop works on color saturation

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The Smudge tool simulates a brush smearing wet paint.

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The Crop tool removes the part of an image surrounding the selection.

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The Straighten tool is designed for ease of use: You draw it across a line that's supposed to be straight, and then Photoshop will do the actual straightening for you.

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The Paint Bucket tool fills an area, that is similar in color value to the pixels you click.

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The Gradient tool allows you to create gradual changes of color and light across an image with power and precision.

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The Horizontal Type tool allows you to add horizontal text to your images.

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allows you to move your image while you're zoomed in to more than 100% and part of the image is out of view

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the brush tool is an element of the painting tool that allows you to select a brush shape (square, circle, oval and so on) and also the the thickness in pixels you want to paint on your image with.

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the brush tool is an element of the painting tool that allows you to select a brush shape (square, circle, oval and so on) and also the the thickness in pixels you want to paint on your image with.

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he rectangular marquee tool in Photoshop, of course, enables you to create selections of rectangular shapes

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The Quick Selection tool allows you to quickly and easily select one area or section of an image.

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The Polygonal Lasso Tool creates selections with straight edges

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The Magic Wand tool automatically selects an object or area of your image, using machine learning to discern what you might be trying to select.

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The regular Lasso tool is a freehand selection tool, which means it won't automatically snap to the edge of objects or try to predict what you want

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Contrast is the range of brightness, from lightest to darkest, in an image.

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Specifically, vibrance boosts colors that are more muted. 

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Hue refers to the dominant wavelength of light that the human eye interprets as color,

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Color balance changes the overall mixture of colors in an image and is used for color correction.

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Saturation describes the intensity of the color.

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Description: A scrim is a popular light modifier used by photographers and videographers to soften or diffuse light.

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In photography and cinematography, a reflector is an improvised or specialised reflective surface used to redirect light towards a given subject or scene.

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The APS (Advanced Photo System) format was originally introduced in 1996, as a new type of photographic film cartridge.

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A full frame digital camera is one that has an image sensor that is the same size as a standard 35mm film frame.

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is the ratio of the dimensions of a camera's imaging area compared to a reference format

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Layer masking is a nondestructive way to hide parts of an image or layer without erasing them.

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Post-processing may refer to: Image editing in photography; Audio editing software in audio; Differential GPS post-processing, an enhancement to GPS systems

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Thumbnails are reduced-size versions of pictures or videos, used to help in recognizing and organizing them, serving the same role for images as a normal text index does for words.

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a set of data that describes and gives information about other data.

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A digital single-lens reflex camera is a digital camera that combines the optics and the mechanisms of a single-lens reflex camera with a solid-state image sensor and digitally records the images from the sensor.

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Vibration Reduction (VR) is an image stabilization technology that minimizes blur caused by camera shake.

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a very wide-angle lens with a field of vision covering up to 180°, the scale being reduced toward the edges.

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a lens with a longer focal length than standard, giving a narrow field of view and a magnified image.

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1. a lens of fixed focal length.

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1. a lens suitable for taking photographs unusually close to the subject.

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What is golden hour? The last hour before sunset and the first hour after sunrise are coveted by professional photographers. Referred to as “the golden hour” or “magic hour,” these times provide the perfect light to capture stunning photos.

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Photo by Jannis Lucas. So, what exactly is the blue hour? It is that moment just before sunrise or after sunset when the sun dips below the horizon.

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The Definition of Triadic Color Scheme. A triadic color scheme consists of three colors. Unlike colors that sit next to or directly across each other, triadic colors are equidistant on the color wheel. 

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Double exposure is a technique that combines two different exposures or images that are layered on top of each other.

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In photography and imaging, the dynamic range represents the ratio of two luminance values, with the luminance expressed in candelas per square meter.

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PSD (Adobe Photoshop Document) files are raster image files, which include support for image manipulation such as layers, masks, transparency, text, alpha channels, clipping path, additional color settings, and a variety of other Photoshop-specific elements.

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is a lossy raster file format that compresses an image to make the file smaller.

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What is a PNG file? PNG is short for Portable Network Graphic, a type of raster image file.

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RAW files are a type of raster file format, but not actually images themselves. This means you need to import them into relevant software before you can edit

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What is a PSD file? PSD files are the native file format of Adobe Photoshop. You've probably seen files with the . psd extension format, especially if you've been an Adobe Photoshop user. Most commonly used by designers and artists, Photoshop Documents are powerful tools for image data storage and creation.

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SOOC is an abbreviation of the photography term “Straight Out Of Camera”, simply meaning that an image can be good enough to print straight from the camera without further processing.

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PPI (Pixels per Inch) refers to the number of pixels that make up every inch of a digital image. It's used to describe image resolution on a screen, rather than in print. DPI, meanwhile, refers to number of dots in every inch and is generally used for print purposes.

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Resolution is the number of image pixels assigned to each inch when an image is printed - measured in pixels per inch (ppi).

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The aspect ratio is the proportional relationship between an image's width and height.

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The Crop tool removes the part of an image surrounding the selection.

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The Tool Options bar appears at the bottom in the Photoshop Elements window. It displays the options for a selected tool

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Menu Bar. This is where you'll access different commands to use in Photoshop

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Introduction to Palettes. Palettes [shown right] are groups of tools used to edit and manipulate your image. Photoshop contains over two dozen palettes that can be shown or hidden by using the Window menu and selecting the palette you wish to reveal

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The toolbar is where Photoshop holds the many tools we have to work with. There are tools for making selections, for cropping and retouching images, for adding shapes and type, and many more!

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you can save a current size and position of panels as a uniquely named workspace and restore that workspace even if you move or close a panel.

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This produces a baseline from which all other colors are measured. White may not appear “white” under all lighting conditions, so this helps correct it. White balance can be automatically determined by the camera, chosen from a list of presets, or manually set by the user.

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Exposure compensation basically helps you override automatic exposure adjustments your camera makes in situations with uneven light distribution, filters, non-standard processing, or underexposure or overexposure. It lets you take control of your image's brightness by manually i

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In Manual mode, the exposure level indicator shows how much your set exposure values deviate from the levels the camera believes are optimal, which always reside at the standard exposure index.

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when you bracket your shots you take exactly the same picture of your subject at several different exposures

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An AF point is a specific part of the frame where the camera is able to focus on something.

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Sepia toning is a chemical process used in photography which changes the appearance of black-and-white prints to brown.

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What is a vignette in photography? A vignette is a darker border - sometimes as a blur or a shadow - at the periphery of photos.

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Highlights are the lightest elements in an image, whereas shadows are the darkest areas.

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The Tonal Range That Lies Between The Extreme Highlights And Shadows, Lending A Sense Of Depth, Dimension, And Naturalness To A Photograph

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If you want to learn how to master the use of light in your photographs, look to the shadows. Shadows are the dark areas where a light source is blocked by an object.

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the very center tone between absolute back and absolute white.

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the mostly used automatic metering mode in everyday photography and can be applied in most shooting scenarios. As its name suggests, it takes a series of readings in zones that cover the entire frame, and then calculates the overall average exposure value.

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a camera metering mode. Center weighted metering places the highest importance in determining a correct exposure on information contained in the center of the frame.

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Partial metering covers only the centre 6.2% of the frame in the viewfinder

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he spot meter allows your camera to measure a tiny area of the scene.

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a shooting mode in still cameras where several photos are captured in quick succession by either pressing the shutter button or holding it down.

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a photographic technique that combines a slow shutter speed with camera motion to create a sense of speed around a moving object.

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the art of creating photos by setting long exposure times on a camera and using a moving light source to “paint.”

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photographing of a slow and continuous process at regular intervals, for projection at a higher speed.

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Long exposure photography is the name given to the technique in which the camera's shutter is left open during a somewhat lengthy period of time.

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Camera shake is a term used to define the act of accidentally shaking a camera during shooting due to unsteady hands, which results in blurry images. 

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Monopods are similar to tripods but they have a single leg instead of three.

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Motion blur is the apparent streaking of moving objects in a photograph or a sequence of frames, such as a film or animation.

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Bulb Mode is an exposure setting that is used when seeking to use a shutter speed of more than 30 seconds

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It's the speed at which the shutter of the camera closes.

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the photographer selects an aperture, and the camera chooses an appropriate shutter speed based on the available light.

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is a shooting mode whereby the photographer sets the shutter speed, while the camera automatically sets the Aperture.

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Manual mode means you're in charge of adjusting aperture

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means that the camera still sets the exposure for you.

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It gives your camera complete control over its various settings, including the ISO, the aperture, the shutter speed, the autofocus mode, and even the flash.

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a certain type of visual distortion.

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Film grain is the visible silver crystals in a film negative's emulsion.

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is a device that allows the camera to convert photons – that is, light – into electrical signals that can be interpreted by the device

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scale is an arbitrary rating of film speed;

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ISO Sensitivity is a standard set by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that represents sensitivity to light as a numerical value.