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The pathogen that causes Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

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The pathogen that causes Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

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HPV is a small, non-developed deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) virus that infects skin or mucosal cells. The circular, double-stranded viral genome is approximately 8-kb in length.

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Several studies have demonstrated that HPV can be acquired in the neonatal period and in some infants HPV can persist up to 26 months. More often, HPV can persist in the oral cavity and induce clinical changes characteristic of HPV long after delivery.

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What happens if you test positive for HPV in females? 

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What happens if you test positive for HPV in females? 

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A positive test result means that you have a type of high-risk HPV that's linked to cervical cancer. You could develop it in the future.

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HPV can cause cervical cancer and other cancers including cancer of any of the genitals. It can also cause cancer in the back of the throat (called oropharyngeal cancer). This can include the base of the tongue and tonsils. Cancer often takes years, even decades, to develop after a person gets HPV.

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HPV is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) that you can catch or spread regardless of sex or gender. It's transmitted through skin to skin contact. It's also a common and complicated virus.

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In most cases (9 out of 10), HPV goes away on its own within two years without any health problems. But when it does not go away on its own, it can cause health problems like genital warts or cancer.

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HPV does not usually cause any symptoms. Most people who have it do not realize and do not have any problems. But sometimes the virus can cause painless growths or lumps around the genital area (genital warts).

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There is no treatment for the virus itself. However, there are treatments for the health problems that HPV can cause: Genital warts can be treated by your healthcare provider or with prescription medication.

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HPV vaccine is cancer prevention. HPV is estimated to cause nearly 36,500 cases of cancer in men and women every year is the United States. HPV vaccination can prevent 33,700 of these cancers by preventing the infections that cause them.

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HPV is recommended for routine vaccination at 11 or 12 years. (Vaccination can be started at 9). ACIP also recommends everyone through age 26 years if not adequately vaccinated when younger.