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Overall comment-

Group 7 has shown a strong understanding of the differences in sensory abilities between mammals and other vertebrates. Your discussions on colour perception and evolutionary adaptations are well-explained and insightful. However, there is room for improvement in balancing comparisons, deepening analyses, and refining communication - especially most of you did not engage with comments from your friends written in your initial post. Adding more diverse examples and exploring the broader implications of your arguments will strengthen your overall contributions. Keep up the good work! Well done Group 7!

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Name: Vilandra Richard Elleh (Vilandra)

In my opinion, it is true that mammals are inferior in colour perception compared to the other vertebrates. However, this statement does not apply to all mammals as humans are blessed with a good colour vision. The inferiority can be observed in mammals such as dogs. Photoreceptor cells such as rods and cones are present in mammals. The cones cells are the ones responsible in detecting and perceiving colour. Humans’ eyes contain three types of cone cells which are S cones, L cones and also the M cones unlike most mammals which only possess two namely the first two mentioned earlier. Therefore, humans are on the much more fortunate side as all these 3 cells combined, give access to trichromatic color vision and also, making it possible to interpret the range of colors. Dogs on the other hand have only two types of cone cells which are the S cone and L cone. Thus, this contributes to the reason on why dogs have limited ability when it comes to viewing colour. This actually does not affect the dogs drastically as there is no need for a great colour perceiving ability on a daily basis. Hence, it can be observed that these traits evolved based on the needs of the mammals. Mammals like dogs can operate well even in a dim light setting, so they survive successfully even without the presence of the third cone cell. Humans however require the ability to view the world in a colourful setting in order to function well and to escape harmful situations. Thus, the ability is crucial and it is retained in humans from generation to generation.

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Vithyadarrsinee

I agree that compared to other species, especially birds, reptiles, and some fish, mammals do, in fact, have poorer color perception and limited olfactory abilities. Mammals differ from other vertebrates in this specific area of color vision mostly because of differences in the quantity and kind of photoreceptor cells in their retinas (monochromatic, dichromatic, trichromatic, tetrachromatic).Since mammals have evolved later than other vertebrates, they often have a poorer sense of color. The majority of early mammals were nocturnal creatures that relied on their senses of smell and hearing to help them survive in low light.As a result, certain color receptors were lost since there was less evolutionary drive to preserve or enhance complex color vision. Some species, including reptiles and birds, on the other hand, continued to be diurnal, maintaining and even improving their capacity for color vision. Consequently, a greater variety of cone cells are present in many non-mammalian vertebrates, enabling them to perceive a greater spectrum of colors.

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Name: Harvish Thanasegar (Harvish)

I agree that mammals are inferior in colour perception compared to other vertebrates. This is because mammals rely more on their olfactory and auditory senses, with their vision adapted for nocturnal lifestyles. Mammals have more rod cells than cone cells in their retinas, allowing them to perceive low-light vision but reduces their ability to differentiate colours as other vertebrates do. The limited ability of mammals to perceive colours can also be related to their sexual dimorphism in terms of colouration. Many birds, fish, and reptiles exhibit vibrant colours and patterns that play a crucial role in mate attraction, displaying sexual dimorphism. These vertebrates are able to use their advanced ability to perceive more colours to identify mates. However, mammals often have less vivid colouration and colour variation between males and females. For instance, elephants of both sexes display similar grey skin colour and they communicate through chemical signals like pheromones and scent marking. So, this evolutionary adaptation has allowed mammals to rely less on advanced colour vision, while birds, fish, and reptiles have developed a greater variety of cone cells for advanced colour perception.

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Name: Nurul Nazeerah (Nazeerah)

Im not fully agree that mammals are inferior in color perception compared to other vertebrate because not all mammal are necessarily inferior in color perception where it can vary a bit on specific species. As an example, primates and including humans are an exception among mammals because primates have evolved additional cone cell types and opsin genes, giving them trichromatic color vision which means they have three types of color-detecting cones which allows them to perceive wider range of colors that is comparable or even superior to many other vertebrates in terms of color discrimination ability.

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Name: NorFatin Farhana Binti Azmi (Fatin)

I agree that mammals inferior in colour perception compared to other vertebrates. It is due to the enhancement of other senses to support their less advanced color vision. For example, bats are one of mammals that have developed echolocation to see and hunt in the dark. They have the ability to emit high frequency sounds and interpret the returning echoes to detect everything near them even in complete darkness. Thus, this echolocation shows how bats have evolve to prioritize auditory and sensing over visual. Unlike bird and fish that rely heavily on their visual acuity for survival. This sensory evolution interpret the diverse strategies in animals to develop in their respective habitats.

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Name: Nurul 'Athifah Binti Abu Bakar (Athifah)

I agree that mammals do have inferior color perception, also have limited abilities in olfaction compared to other vertebrates, particularly birds, reptiles and some fish. The difference between mammals and other vertebrates in this focused topic of color vision is typically due to variations in the number of photoreceptor cells in their retinas, as well as their type of color vision (monochromatic, dichromatic, trichromatic, tetrachromatic).