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On July 19, 1848, the Seneca Falls Convention took place in the Wesleyan Chapel in Seneca Falls, New York. It is considered the first women’s rights convention in America and lasted for two days with an estimated 300 attendees. Many women and men who were involved in the anti-slavery movement also joined the fight for equal rights for women. Elizabeth Cady Stanton, the organizer of the convention, and her husband Henry B. Stanton were well-known abolitionists. all five women credited with organizing the Seneca Falls Convention were active in the abolitionist movement.

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The 13th amendment, which was passed by Congress on January 31, 1865, and ratified on December 6, 1865, effectively abolished slavery in the United States. It states that "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction."

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The Fourteenth Amendment, which was ratified in 1868, gave citizenship and guaranteed equal civil and legal rights for African Americans and emancipated individuals after the American Civil War.

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The Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution made sure that nobody could be denied the right to vote because of their "race, color, or previous condition of servitude." This change to the Constitution gave African American men, even those who used to be slaves, the right to vote.

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The Supreme Court ruling in this case upheld a Louisiana state law that allowed for separate accommodations for white and colored races. This decision led to segregation under laws known as 'Jim Crow' laws in the South.

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The 19th Amendment gave women the right to vote with the following words: "The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex." This meant that all eligible women could vote in national elections.

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In 1942, a group of Black and white students in Chicago formed the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), inspired by Mahatma Gandhi's nonviolent protest strategies. They played a key role in important civil rights movements, such as sit-ins, picket lines, the Montgomery Bus Boycott, Freedom Rides, and the 1963 March on Washington, working alongside Martin Luther King, Jr. and other civil rights leaders. By the mid-1960s, the group shifted its focus to becoming a Black separatist and Black Power organization under new guidance in 1966.

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On July 26, 1948, President Harry Truman issued Executive Order 9981 to end segregation in the Armed Services. This order allowed men and women of all ethnic backgrounds to serve together as equals in the same units. When President Truman signed Executive Order 9981, he put an end to 170 years of officially sanctioned discrimination in the U.S. Armed Forces.This event was a significant achievement of the post-war civil rights movement and Truman's presidency. It marked the first time a U.S. president had used an executive order to implement a civil rights policy. This step was crucial in inspiring other parts of American society to accept desegregation.

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Sound casual

On May 17, 1954, the Supreme Court made a big decision in the case of Brown v. Board of Education, which put an end to racial segregation in public schools. However, even after the court ruling, many schools still remained segregated.

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On August 28, 1963, around 250,000 individuals participated in The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. Martin Luther King delivered his iconic "I Have A Dream" speech as the concluding address at the Lincoln Memorial, proclaiming, "I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: 'We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal.'" His powerful words inspiried numerous individuals to join and advocate for the civil rights movement.

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On July 2, 1964, President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964 into law, prohibiting employment discrimination based on race, color, sex, religion, or national origin. The Act established the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) to prevent workplace discrimination. It marked the end of segregation in public places and is considered a major achievement of the civil rights movement.

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On August 6, 1965, President Johnson signed the Voting Rights Act of 1965, which aimed to eliminate the use of literacy tests as a prerequisite for voting. Additionally, it empowered federal examiners to assess voter qualifications and federal observers to oversee polling places. The Voting Rights Act had a profound impact on safeguarding voting rights for all citizens.

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civil rights act /Fair Housing Act - 1968

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civil rights act /Fair Housing Act - 1968

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April 11, 1968: President Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act of 1968, also known as the Fair Housing Act, providing equal housing opportunity regardless of race, religion, or national origin. The act prohibited housing discrimination based on race, religion, national origin, or sex, and was a significant achievement of the civil rights era.

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The Civil Rights Act of 1991 is a law in the United States that was created to address court decisions that had restricted the rights of employees who sued their employers for discrimination. This law was the first attempt to change some of the basic rights provided by federal law in employment discrimination cases since the Civil Rights Act of 1964. It allowed discrimination claims to be heard by a jury and introduced the possibility of emotional distress damages. It also added provisions to Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, expanding the rights of women to sue for compensatory and punitive damages for sexual discrimination or harassment.

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After George Zimmerman, a Florida man, was acquitted for killing a Black teenager in 2012, Alicia Garza, a resident of Oakland, California, felt outraged and saddened. On July 13, 2013, she posted a message on Facebook containing the phrase "Black lives matter." This phrase soon became a rallying cry and a movement in the United States and around the world. the phrase became a major symbol of the protests that followed Brown's killing in Ferguson, Missouri in 2014. Although initial polling showed a majority of Americans disapproved of the Black Lives Matter movement, support for its central arguments grew in the years that followed.