# data[].attributes.body
- most israelis were made up of jews
- most palestinians were made up of arabs
- jews were hated thousands of years way before ww2 because of religious reasons, rumors, and being seen as a different ethnicity

# data[].attributes.body
- In the nineteenth century, following a trend that emerged earlier in Europe, people around the world began to identify themselves as nations and to demand national rights, foremost the right to self-rule in a state of their own (self-determination and sovereignty)
- Jews and Palestinians both started to develop a national consciousness and mobilized to achieve national goals.

# data[].attributes.body
- the first wave of European Jewish immigration to Palestine.
- they chose Palestine because it was a very holy area for them and b/c it was the site of Jewish orgin
- this movement was because of

nationalism

the hatred that they went through made them feel that if no country accepts them, then they would have to create their own country

# data[].attributes.headline
First group of Youth Aliyah refugees arrive in Israel through the Port of Haifa

# data[].attributes.subject
First group of Youth Aliyah refugees arrive in Israel through the Port of Haifa

# data[].attributes.body
- Aliyah is the immigration of Jews from the diaspora to the Land of Israel

# data[].attributes.body
- britain was tasked with setting up a "national home" for jewish people in palestine for their help in the war (Balfour Declaration)
- britain also told arabs that they would get their own Arab country
- but both jews and arabs claimed that historical palestine was their land which causes tension between them
- during this, the british made a secret deal with the french to actually split the middle east area between themselves

# data[].attributes.body
britian defeats ottoman empire in WW1 and took over making british mandate for palestine.

# data[].attributes.body
- palestinian resistance to British control and Zionist settlement
- british was supported by jewish militia
- revolt was unsuccessful, with total deaths of about:

5000 arabs

260 britons

300 jews

# data[].attributes.body
- british issue the 1939 White Paper (a statement of government policy) limiting future Jewish immigration and land purchases
- The Zionists regarded the White Paper as a

betrayal of the Balfour Declaration

an egregious act in light of the desperate situation of the Jews in Europe, who were facing extermination.

- The 1939 White Paper marked the end of the British-Zionist alliance.

# data[].attributes.body
- many jewish people fled to palestine to escape persecution and holocaust

# data[].attributes.headline
A group of child survivors behind a barbed wire fence at the Nazi concentration camp at Auschwitz-Birkenau in southern Poland

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A group of child survivors behind a barbed wire fence at the Nazi concentration camp at Auschwitz-Birkenau in southern Poland

# data[].attributes.headline
Prisoners in barracks at the Buchenwald concentration camp

# data[].attributes.subject
Prisoners in barracks at the Buchenwald concentration camp

# data[].attributes.body
- after the war, the british realized they couldn't solve the problem of what they promised so they left it to the UN to handle
- the UN voted for palestine to be split into separate jewish and arab states
- Jerusalem, a holy land for both, would become an international city
- jewish leaders embraced the plan but arab leaders did not bc they had more population but got less than half the land

# data[].attributes.headline
1948 Israel declared creation of state backed by U.S. president Harry Truman

# data[].attributes.subject
1948 Israel declared creation of state backed by U.S. president Harry Truman

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- this did not go well with palestinians

# data[].attributes.body
⁃ neighbouring countries weren’t pleased with the plan
⁃ they believed it was the britishers way of continuing their colonialism
⁃ so they start a war against israel saying that they won’t allow jews to take any part of the land
⁃ more than 5 arab countries fighting against israel

# data[].attributes.headline
Captain Avraham Adan raising the Ink Flag at Umm Rashrash marking the end of the war

# data[].attributes.subject
Captain Avraham Adan raising the Ink Flag at Umm Rashrash marking the end of the war

# data[].attributes.body
⁃ israel wins and claimed more land than original UN partition plan
⁃ the gaza strip went to egypt and west bank area went to jordan
- jerusalem was divided by israeli forces in the west and jordanian forces in the east but there was never a peace agreement.
⁃ palestinians didn’t have a country after this and more than 700,000 had to leave their homes and become refugees in arab countries

# data[].attributes.body
one of the holiest lands on earth for christians, jews, and muslims
- israel claims whole city as its capital
- but palestine claims east jerusalem as the capital of its futures state
- israel has built settlements in jerusalem
- more than 600,000 jews now live there
- palestinians say that's illegal under international law

# data[].attributes.body
- Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser nationalizes the Suez Canal, a vital trade route connecting the Red Sea and Mediterranean
- Israel invades Egypt
- A peace deal, backed by the United States and Soviet Union, ends the fighting
- But the canal was blocked by sunken ships and did not reopen until 1957

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- formed because palestinians want their own country
⁃ in the beginning, they wanted to get it by using weapons and to get rid of israel entirely
⁃ us and israel declare plo to be a terrorist organization bc of this

# data[].attributes.body
- the second arab-israel war begins with Israeli warplanes striking Egyptian airfields and Israeli ground forces entering the Sinai Peninsula
- the war broke out amid lingering conflicts, including Egypt’s continued block of shipping into the Gulf of Aqaba
⁃ the occupation of egyptian peninsula expelled a further 300,000 palestinians from their homes

# data[].attributes.headline
Israel takes control of the Gaza Strip, Sinai Peninsula, the West Bank, the Golan Heights and predominantly Arab East Jerusalem

# data[].attributes.subject
Israel takes control of the Gaza Strip, Sinai Peninsula, the West Bank, the Golan Heights and predominantly Arab East Jerusalem

# data[].attributes.body
- a coalition of Arab nations, led by Egypt and Syria, launch a surprise attack on Israel
- the Arab forces initially gained ground, but were driven back by an Israeli counteroffensive aided by supplies from allies, including the United States
- nothing really changes after this

# data[].attributes.body
⁃ plo was recognized by the arab league and the un general assembly to be the representative of the palestinian

# data[].attributes.body
- A peace deal between Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin, known as the Camp David accords, is brokered by President Jimmy Carter

# data[].attributes.body
- egypt and israel sign a peace treaty where israel agrees to withdraw from the sinai penninsula
⁃ but gaza, the west bank, and east jerusalem, continued to be occupied by israel
⁃ egypt becomes first arab country to recognize israel as a country

# data[].attributes.headline
1978 Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin and Egyptian President Anwar Sadat are awarded Nobel Peace Prize for successful Peace Treaty

# data[].attributes.subject
1978 Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin and Egyptian President Anwar Sadat are awarded Nobel Peace Prize for successful Peace Treaty

# data[].attributes.body
- unilaterally annexed east jerusalem
- this is considered illegal by the international community

# data[].attributes.headline
1981 Egyptian President gets assassinated by the right-wing extremists in Egypt

# data[].attributes.subject
1981 Egyptian President gets assassinated by the right-wing extremists in Egypt

# data[].attributes.body
⁃ they questioned the treaty with Israel and wanted to kill him because he reached a compromise

# data[].attributes.body
⁃ islamic right-wing extremists in palestine came together to form HAMAS
⁃ hamas claims PLO is being too secular and compromising a lot with Israel but in reality they want to erase israel from the maps

# data[].attributes.body
- palestininian uprising with clashes and protests in the west bank, gaza and israel
- more than 250 israelis and 1900 palestinians were killed including civillians

# data[].attributes.headline
Palestinians seek safety as armed Israeli soldiers fire at them during the first Intifada in the West Bank in January 1988

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Palestinians seek safety as armed Israeli soldiers fire at them during the first Intifada in the West Bank in January 1988

# data[].attributes.headline
Palestinians with a portrait of PLO leader Yasser Arafat react as foam thrown by Israeli soldiers drops from a roof during clashes in January 1988 in Nablus in the West Bank 

# data[].attributes.subject
Palestinians with a portrait of PLO leader Yasser Arafat react as foam thrown by Israeli soldiers drops from a roof during clashes in January 1988 in Nablus in the West Bank 

# data[].attributes.body
⁃ israel gets a prime minister, yitzhak rabin serving his second time since 74-77 and says plo isn’t a terrorist group they just want their country
⁃ israel official recognized plo and plo recognizes israel as a country

# data[].attributes.body
- the first of two pacts, known as the Oslo accords, are signed between Israel and the PLO, setting out a peace process based on previous U.N. resolutions
- both talk about how the country can be correctly and peacefully divided
- left unresolved are key issues such as Israeli settlements in the West Bank and the status of Jerusalem

# data[].attributes.headline
Israeli Foreign Minister Shimon Peres, center, signs the first of the Oslo accords in a ceremony at the White House on Sept. 13, 1993. 

# data[].attributes.subject
Israeli Foreign Minister Shimon Peres, center, signs the first of the Oslo accords in a ceremony at the White House on Sept. 13, 1993. 

# data[].attributes.body
From left to right, Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin, an unidentified aide, President Bill Clinton and PLO Chairman Yasser Arafat look on.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Signing of the Israeli-Palestinian Declaration of Principles

# data[].attributes.headline
PLO Chairman Yasser Arafat, Israeli Foreign Minister Shimon Peres and Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin (from L to R) show their shared Nobel Peace Prize awards to the audience in the Oslo City Hall in Oslo, 1994

# data[].attributes.subject
PLO Chairman Yasser Arafat, Israeli Foreign Minister Shimon Peres and Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin (from L to R) show their shared Nobel Peace Prize awards to the audience in the Oslo City Hall in Oslo, 1994

# data[].attributes.body
⁃ palestinian government established for the first time named palestinian national authority as a consequence of the oslo accords

# data[].attributes.body
- laid the groundwork for a complete withdrawal of Israeli troops from parts of the West Bank and other areas
- it also set a schedule for Palestinian Legislative Council elections.

# data[].attributes.headline
Map of Palestine, Oslo II Accord (1995). Administrative Divisions: Areas A, B and C. 

# data[].attributes.subject
Map of Palestine, Oslo II Accord (1995). Administrative Divisions: Areas A, B and C. 

# data[].attributes.body
⁃ israelis had already established permanent settlements in many west bank areas
⁃ west bank was decided to be split into 3 groups

A: where the palestine government was controlling

B: both gov controls

C: israel gov controls

- palestine gets only some it’s and pieces in the west bank area and gaza strip not going with the UN partition plan to form their country

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⁃ extreme right-wing jewish people assasinate their PM with pistol
⁃ jewish people questioned comprise with palestine

# data[].attributes.headline
US president Bill Clinton in Rabin's funeral. The final words were in Hebrew – "Shalom, Haver" (Hebrew: שלום חבר, lit. Goodbye, Friend)

# data[].attributes.subject
US president Bill Clinton in Rabin's funeral. The final words were in Hebrew – "Shalom, Haver" (Hebrew: שלום חבר, lit. Goodbye, Friend)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin's State Funeral Service

# data[].attributes.body
⁃ HAMAS group boycott the 1996 palestine election and carried out suicide bombings in israel
⁃ because of this, the dominance of extreme right-wing groups start rising on both sides and they start hating each other again or more

# data[].attributes.body
- second, more deadly, intifada
-  One of the triggers for the violence was when Ariel Sharon, a right-wing, Jewish Israeli who would later become Israel’s prime minister, visited the Muslim holy site at the al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem
- many Palestinians felt this was an offensive move, and they protested.
- Riots, suicide bombings and other attacks subsequently broke out, putting an end to the once-promising peace process.

# data[].attributes.headline
Palestinians shoot tear gas at the Israeli army in Ramallah as they clash during the first days of the Second Intifada

# data[].attributes.subject
Palestinians shoot tear gas at the Israeli army in Ramallah as they clash during the first days of the Second Intifada

# data[].attributes.headline
An Israeli Border Policeman and a Palestinian scream at each other face-to-face in the Old City of Jerusalem, in 2000

# data[].attributes.subject
An Israeli Border Policeman and a Palestinian scream at each other face-to-face in the Old City of Jerusalem, in 2000

# data[].attributes.body
- israel leaves gaza strip
- israel still largely controls entry into gaza and directly controls military territory and airspace
- still considered by the international community to be part of the occupied territories

# data[].attributes.body
- hamas received 44.45% of the vote and won 74 of the 132 seats, whilst the ruling Fatah received 41.43% of the vote and won just 45 seats
- militant islamic group runs in, and wins palestinian election
- this leads to violent clashes between rival PLO party/fatah

# data[].attributes.body
fatah/hamas have a civil war
⁃ military conflict in gaza strip
⁃ palestine is divided into two parts

HAMAS takes control gaza like a terrorist group after Fatah lost election

west bank controlled by Fatah and PLO, they are non-violent

# data[].attributes.headline
A Fatah gunman stands in front of a charred vehicle that he said was used by six Hamas militants to try and attack Fatah positions in the latest round of factional fighting in Gaza City

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A Fatah gunman stands in front of a charred vehicle that he said was used by six Hamas militants to try and attack Fatah positions in the latest round of factional fighting in Gaza City

# data[].attributes.body
Israel begins three weeks of attacks on Gaza after rocket barrages into Israel by Palestinian militants, who are supplied by tunnels from Egypt. More than 1,110 Palestinians and at least 13 Israelis are killed.

# data[].attributes.body
- Israel kills Hamas military chief Ahmed Jabari, touching off more than a week of rocket fire from Gaza and Israeli airstrikes
- At least 150 Palestinians and six Israelis are killed.

# data[].attributes.headline
Jabari (bottom right) pictured with other Hamas officials 

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Jabari (bottom right) pictured with other Hamas officials 

# data[].attributes.headline
People look at the wreckage of the car in which Ahmed Jabari, head of the Hamas military wing, was killed in an Israeli airstrike in Gaza City on Nov. 14, 2012

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People look at the wreckage of the car in which Ahmed Jabari, head of the Hamas military wing, was killed in an Israeli airstrike in Gaza City on Nov. 14, 2012

# data[].attributes.body
Hamas militants kill three Israeli teenagers kidnapped near a Jewish settlement in the West Bank, prompting an Israeli military response. Hamas answers with rocket attacks from Gaza. A seven-week conflict leaves more than 2,200 Palestinians dead in Gaza. In Israel, 67 soldiers and six civilians are killed.

# data[].attributes.body
The Trump administration recognizes Jerusalem as the capital of Israel and announces that it plans to shift the U.S. Embassy from Tel Aviv, stirring outrage from Palestinians.

# data[].attributes.body
recent peace plan came from donald trump
- israeli prime minister benjamin netanyahu said it was a deal of the century
- palestinians said it was one-sided
so tensions remained high particulary in east jerusalem gaza and the west bank

# data[].attributes.headline
U.S. President Donald Trump with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu during a joint news conference to announce a new Middle East peace plan in the East Room of the White House

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U.S. President Donald Trump with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu during a joint news conference to announce a new Middle East peace plan in the East Room of the White House

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Trump unveils 'ultimate deal' for Middle East peace

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the start of the holy muslim month of ramadan
- daily violent clashes between israeli police and palestinians
- forced evictions of palestinian families in east jerusalem

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Israeli police attack Palestinians at al-Aqsa mosque in eviction protests

# data[].attributes.body
After weeks of tension in Jerusalem led to Israeli police raiding al-Aqsa Mosque, one of the holiest sites in Islam, Hamas fired rockets toward the city for the first time in years, prompting Israel to retaliate with airstrikes.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Israel Unrest: Hamas launches rocket attack on Tel Aviv

# data[].attributes.body
- israel blames hamas for escalating conflict by firing rockets from gaza at the israel population and that their air strikes on gaza are a justified response
- palestianins argue that they are not an instigator of the violence and their rockets are a reaction to oppression and a part of an ongoing occupation

# data[].attributes.headline
Israel Bombs on Hamas Chief Home, Casualties, Netanyahu's   take, and Biden speaking on the violence 

# data[].attributes.subject
Israel Bombs on Hamas Chief Home, Casualties, Netanyahu's   take, and Biden speaking on the violence 

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
The Israel-Palestine Flare-Up: Israel bombs Hamas Gaza Chief's home | Latest English News | WION

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May 17 Biden Approval of $735M arms sale to Israel

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May 17 Biden Approval of $735M arms sale to Israel

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President Joe Biden's administration approved the potential sale of $735 million in precision-guided weapons to Israel, and congressional sources said on Monday that U.S. lawmakers were not expected to object to the deal despite violence between Israel and Palestinian militants.

Three congressional aides said Congress was officially notified of the intended commercial sale on May 5, as part of the regular review process before major foreign weapons sales agreements can go ahead.

The sale was first reported by the Washington Post.

Congress was informed of the planned sale in April, as part of the normal informal review process before of the formal notification on May 5. Under U.S. law, the formal notification opens up a 15-day window for Congress to object to the sale, which is not expected despite the ongoing violence.

The sale of Joint Direct Attack Munitions, or JDAMs, made by Boeing Co (BA.N), was considered routine at the time, before the start last week of the fiercest hostilities in the region in years.

There were no objections at the time by the Democratic and Republican leaders of the congressional foreign affairs committees that review such sales, aides said.

Asked for comment, a State Department spokesperson noted that the department is restricted under federal law and regulations from publicly commenting on or confirming details of licensing activity related to direct commercial sales like the JDAMs agreement.

"We remain deeply concerned about the current violence and are working towards achieving a sustainable calm," the spokesperson said.

Strong support for Israel is a core value for both Democratic and Republican members of the U.S. Congress, despite calls from a few of the most progressive Democrats to take a tougher stance against the government of Israeli President Benjamin Netanyahu.

U.S. law allows Congress to object to weapons sales, but it is unlikely to do so in this case. Because Israel is among a handful of countries whose military deals are approved under an expedited process, the typical window for objecting will close before lawmakers can pass a resolution of disapproval, even if they were inclined to.

Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.

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Biden administration approved $735 million arms sale to Israel - sources

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President Joe Biden's administration approved the potential sale of $735 million in precision-guided weapons to Israel, and congressional sources said on Monday that U.S. lawmakers were not expected to object to the deal despite violence between Israel and Palestinian militants.

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- his take on the situation as a jewish senator

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#BREAKING: Bernie Sanders CONDEMNS Israeli actions in fiery speech on Senate floor

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Palestinians Celebrate Gaza Cease-Fire But Israelis Remain Cautious

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The first convoys of humanitarian aid have arrived in Gaza, hours after a ceasefire between Israel and Palestinian militants came into effect.

Thousands of Palestinians returned home to scenes of devastation with officials saying reconstruction might take years.

The World Health Organization (WHO) called for the creation of corridors for injured people to be evacuated.

More than 250 people were killed in the 11-day conflict, most of them in Gaza. Both Israel and Hamas claimed victory.

In southern Israel, residents celebrated the truce but many expressed concern that another conflict in the region was just a matter of time.

Trucks from various aid agencies, including those affiliated with the United Nations, started bringing much-needed medicine, food and fuel into Gaza, after Israel reopened the Kerem Shalom crossing.

More than 100,000 people had to flee their homes in the territory, which is controlled by the militant group Hamas, and nearly 800,000 people did not have access to piped water, the UN children's agency Unicef said.

Palestinian officials say tens of millions of dollars will be needed to rebuild the already impoverished enclave that is also suffering with Covid-19.

Margaret Harris, a spokeswoman for the WHO, called for immediate access for health supplies and personnel, saying the territory's health facilities risked being overwhelmed by thousands of injuries.

For years, Gaza has been subjected to Israeli and Egyptian restrictions on the passage of people and goods, with both countries citing concerns about weapons reaching Hamas.

The UN agency for Palestinian refugees (Unwra) said its priority was to identify and help tens of thousands of displaced people, and that it was urgently seeking $38m (£26m) in aid.

On Thursday, Gaza's housing ministry said 1,800 housing units were unfit for living and 1,000 had been destroyed.

"The damage inflicted in less than two weeks will take years, if not decades, to rebuild," said Fabrizio Carboni, the Middle East director for the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC).

Samira Abdallah Nasser, said her two-storey house near Beit Hanoun was hit by a blast during the fighting, reducing it to ruins.

"We're back to our homes and we don't have a place to sit, we don't have water, we don't have electricity, we don't have beds, we don't have anything," she told Reuters news agency. "We're back to our fully destroyed homes."

Another resident, Azhar Nsair, told the Associated Press news agency: "We see such huge destruction here, it's the first time in history we've seen this."

The fighting between Israel and Palestinian militants in Gaza began on 10 May after weeks of rising Israeli-Palestinian tension that culminated in clashes at al-Aqsa, a holy site revered by both Muslims and Jews, in occupied East Jerusalem.

Hamas began firing rockets after warning Israel to withdraw from the site, triggering retaliatory air strikes.

At least 248 people, including more than 100 women and children, were killed in Gaza, according to its health ministry. Israel has said it killed at least 225 militants during the fighting. Hamas has not given casualty figures for fighters.

In Israel 13 people, including two children and an Israeli soldier, were killed, its medical service says.

Many Jewish families emerged from bomb shelters. Emergency restrictions have been lifted while all schools are due to reopen on Sunday.

The Israeli army said militants fired more than 4,300 rockets during the conflict, of which 90% were intercepted by its air defences. But rockets still got through, slamming into homes, synagogues and other buildings.

Many of those rockets were fired at cities in southern Israel, such as Ashkelon, where Tammy Zamir told Reuters she was happy the conflict was over but was "certain there will be another escalation".

In the nearby city of Ashdod, 25-year-old Dan Kiri said Israel should continue attacking Hamas until it collapsed, adding: "It's only a matter of time until the next operation in Gaza".

The ceasefire was tested by clashes at the al-Aqsa compound after Friday prayers. Israeli police fired stun grenades at Palestinian demonstrators, who threw rocks and petrol bombs at officers. At least 20 Palestinians were injured, medics said.

Meanwhile, US President Joe Biden said a two-state solution was the only way to resolve the conflict, adding that there could be no peace unless the region unequivocally recognised the right of Israel to exist. He also said the US would organise international help to rebuild the damage in Gaza.

Gaza's streets are bursting back into life with the truce only hours old. It's the first time in nearly a fortnight people have been able to go outside in relative safety. Entire families step over rubble and children tiptoe through smashed glass.

They look up at wrecked buildings but seem to take it in their stride. Perhaps seeing the aftermath is easy compared with the terrifying experience of living through the airstrikes themselves.

On one street in the heart of Gaza City is the remnants of al-Sharouq building. Its name means sunrise. It lies in charred ruins. The block was the third high-rise bombed by Israel which said militants used it.

A car drives past and a child in a keffiyeh - a Palestinian headscarf - stands out of the sunroof with his fingers in a victory sign.

Hamas is hailing its "defence of Jerusalem". Israel says its airstrikes have set the group back strategically. People here are welcoming calm, but know it probably just means a countdown to the next inevitable conflict.

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Israel-Palestinian conflict: Aid arrives in Gaza as ceasefire holds

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The first convoys of humanitarian aid have arrived in Gaza, hours after a ceasefire between Israel and Palestinian militants came into effect. Thousands of Palestinians returned home to scenes of devastation with officials saying reconstruction might take years. The World Health Organization (WHO) called for the creation of corridors for injured people to be evacuated.

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Clashes in Jerusalem hours after Israel-Palestinian ceasefire - BBC News

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The cease-fire in Gaza is holding for now. But while the confrontation between Israel and Hamas was taking place, there were growing reports of antisemitic attacks and slurs in several American cities. William Brangham focuses on the disturbing questions this trend raises about hate in America with Jonathan Greenblatt, the CEO of the Anti-Defamation League.

Judy Woodruff:
The cease-fire in Gaza is holding for now. But while the confrontation between Israel and the Palestinian group Hamas was taking place, there were growing reports of anti-Semitic attacks and slurs in several American cities.

William Brangham focuses on the disturbing questions this raises once again about intolerance and hate in America.

William Brangham:
Judy, the Anti-Defamation League tracked reports of online comments, verbal confrontations, and physical assaults in the U.S. during that 11 days of bombing in Gaza and in Israel, finding - quote - "a drastic surge" in anti-Semitic language and attacks.

That included an attack on a 29-year-old man in New York, who was punched, kicked and pepper-sprayed in Times Square. In Los Angeles, five people suffered minor injuries after they were attacked by people waving Palestinian flags. In Tucson, Arizona, a synagogue was vandalized.

The ADL also reported thousands of tweets or retweets that seemed to echoed the phrase "Hitler was right." Last week, five Jewish organizations, including the ADL, wrote a letter to President Biden about their concerns over this rise in these hateful attacks, asking him to speak out more forcefully against them.

For more on all of this, we turn to Jonathan Greenblatt, the CEO of the Anti-Defamation League.

Jonathan, great to see you back on the "NewsHour."

In the past, your organization has documented that, when there is violence between Israelis and Palestinians, that anti-Semitic attacks in the U.S. go up. Compare now to then. Are we seeing more now?

Jonathan Greenblatt:
Yes.

It is certainly true that in the past, conflagrations in the Middle East between Israeli and the Palestinians or its neighbors have created an - or catalyzed an uptick in anti-Semitism in America.

But what we are seeing now is more drastic and, frankly, more dangerous. The ADL track between the two weeks of the conflict and the two weeks before a 63 percent increase. And that surge is far greater than what we have seen in prior incidents, like 2014, for example.

But what I would also note is not just the quantitative, but the qualitative. The span of these attacks, they spread like wildfire across the country. You mentioned a few, California, Arizona, Wisconsin, Illinois, Michigan, New York, New Jersey, South Carolina, Florida, acts of harassment and vandalism and violence.

So, number one, the span is much greater than what we have seen, but secondly the tone, the brazenness, the audacity of these assaults in broad daylight. We have seen people basically say, if you are wearing a Jewish star, you must be a Zionist and you should be killed.

We have seen people hurling bottles and objects at homes with mezuzot on the door that were identifiably Jewish. We have seen people driving cars or marauding through Jewish neighborhoods and yelling, "We're going to rape your women," right, or yelling things like "Allahu akbar," and literally then wreaking physical violence on people.

And one of the incidents that was captured was in broad daylight in Times Square, a group of people beating and bloodying a Jewish man whose only crime was he was wearing a kippah, to the point where he was left unconscious in the street while people kicked him, bloodied him with like crutches. It was really quite disgusting.

And to think that this is happening in America is really unconscionable.

William Brangham:
So, what do you attribute this to?

I remember, back during the Trump administration, you were quick to point out instances where you thought - political language that fomented anti-Semitism. Do you do you see political leaders now who are exacerbating this?

Jonathan Greenblatt:
Well, let's be clear. None of the people committing these crimes wearing MAGA hats, right?

The reality is, is, I do believe that political language can have real world consequences. But this is very different kind of political language. So, yes, we called out the prior president and his kind of acolytes, the extremists from marching in Charlottesville to marauding through Capitol Hill.

But, in this case, we have people waving Palestinian flags and then beating Jewish people. And, in this case, you know what I might really draw a parallel to is the hate crimes committed against Asian Americans, where unhinged, fictionalized conspiracies about China first spouted by political leaders led to real-world consequences, as Asian Americans were attacked on the streets.

Well, today, we have unhinged, fictionalized conspiracies about Israel, that somehow the Jewish state is systematically slaughtering children or committing genocide. And then that leads to real-world attacks on Jewish people in the streets of America, on our campuses, in our communities.

So, although, again, the political tenor may be different, the real outcome is the same. And that's why we think people, regardless of where you are on the spectrum, need to speak out clearly and firmly and forcefully and say, in an unambiguous way, that anti-Semitism is unacceptable, because, again, this isn't activism. It's hate, and it should be called out as such.

William Brangham:
In that letter that you sent to the White House, you specifically asked President Joe Biden to speak out more forcefully.

Have you heard from the White House since you sent them that letter?

Jonathan Greenblatt:
We have been in touch with the White House.

Look, and Joe Biden has been good on these issues his entire career, from his time in the Senate, to vice president, to now as president. He announced his run for office decrying the anti-Semitism that he saw in full view at Charlottesville.

So, just this morning, he tweeted out a firm statement we were pleased about. But we do think it's critical for the administration to stand squarely in solidarity with the Jewish community in this moment, when so many of us are feeling frightened.

I have heard from Jewish people across the country, and they are feeling scared. They have extremists on the right. They have these, if you might say, radical voices from the left. And they are wondering, is it safe for me to go out wearing a kippah? Is it safe for me to walk to synagogue on a Saturday morning?

Again, this is in America in 2021. So we think the leaders, not just President Biden, but members of Congress need to speak out and clearly and consistently call it anti-Semitism, without making equivalence or excuses for any other form of prejudice.

You can have fierce debates about Middle East policy, but that is not an excuse to assault and victimize Jewish people in America, in Europe, anywhere.

William Brangham:
All right, Jonathan Greenblatt, CEO of the Anti-Defamation League, thank you very much for being here.

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Antisemitic attacks spread like 'wildfire' in the US during Gaza conflict

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The cease-fire in Gaza is holding for now. But while the confrontation between Israel and Hamas was taking place, there were growing reports of antisemitic attacks and slurs in several American cities. William Brangham focuses on the disturbing questions this trend raises about hate in America with Jonathan Greenblatt, the CEO of the Anti-Defamation League.

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President Joe Biden is still committed to a two-state solution between Israel and the Palestinians, Secretary of State Antony Blinken said Sunday, adding that repairing the structural damage in Gaza and dealing with the humanitarian crisis stemming from the recent outbreak of violence is most important to the administration.

In an interview on ABC's "This Week," Blinken said Biden "has been very clear that he remains committed to a two-state solution."

"Look, ultimately, it is the only way to ensure Israel's future as a Jewish and democratic state and, of course, the only way to give the Palestinians the state to which they're entitled," he said. "That's where we have to go.

"But that, I don't think, is something necessarily for today," he continued. "We have to start putting in place the conditions that would allow both sides to engage in a meaningful and positive way toward two states."

Blinken credited Biden's efforts in the lead-up to the cease-fire between Hamas, which controls Gaza, and Israel, which followed 11 days of fighting that led to more than 200 Palestinian and a dozen Israeli deaths.

The Israeli-Palestinian conflict has festered for decades, and the latest fighting shows that any long-term resolution may still be far off.

"In the first instance, we have to deal with making this turn from the violence - we have got the cease-fire - and now deal with the humanitarian situation, deal with reconstruction and deepen our existing engagement with Palestinians and with Israelis alike," he said.

Blinken said the cycle of violence "is likely to repeat itself" if a path forward to help Palestinians "live with more dignity and with more hope" is not reached.

Asked how the U.S. could assist in rebuilding Gaza without directly funding Hamas, Blinken said it would use "independent parties that can help do the reconstruction and the development."

"Not some quasi-government authority," he said of Hamas, which he said "has brought nothing but ruin to the Palestinian people."

"What's the real challenge here is to help the Palestinians and particularly to help moderate Palestinians and the Palestinian Authority deliver better results for their people," he said. "And, of course, Israel has a profound role to play in that, too."

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Blinken says Biden committed to two-state solution between Israel and Palestine

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President Joe Biden is still committed to a two-state solution between Israel and the Palestinians, Secretary of State Antony Blinken said Sunday, adding that repairing the structural damage in Gaza and dealing with the humanitarian crisis stemming from the recent outbreak of violence is most important to the administration.