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Female athletes will remain "second-class citizens" as long as women's representation on sports governing bodies remains negligible, a Sydney conference on women in sport has heard.

Just two women serve on Fifa's board, one woman on the world cycling's governing body and no women whatsoever on the governing body of the International Tennis Federation, research has found.

"Fewer female voices at the top level in sport ... will result in female athletes remaining second-class citizens in terms of media coverage, funding and salaries," the executive director of the Women on Boards Australia, Claire Braund, told the 2014 Asia Pacific World Sport and Women conference on Monday.

Despite setting a target in 2000 that one in five members of National Olympic Committees be women, research by Braund's organisation has shown that more than 84% of seats on the committees, responsible for administering the Olympics in their respect countries, are held by men.

Braund said Australia was "leading the way" in women helping to run the country's top sports, but said "targets with teeth" were needed here and overseas to ensure more chairs in the boardroom were filled by females.

She called for sporting bodies to be forced to disclose their gender balance and the funding they allocate to male athletes relative to female one, and for funding to be tied to organisations meeting their gender targets.

The chair of the West Tigers rugby league club, Marina Go, told the conference it was a "no-brainer" that legal quotas should be enforced, ensuring 50% of seats on sports' governing bodies be taken by women.

The Sydney Scoreboard, another index for women in sports leadership, found that women made up nearly 30% of sporting boards in 2013/14, among the highest rates in the world, but behind the United States, Wales and Norway.

The conference heard from marketers about how to reach female sports fans and how to include women in male-dominated sports, such as cricket or motor sports, without "dilution of the sports brand".

Twelve-year-old Claire Falls told the delegates that gender inequality was particularly stark at sport's junior levels. A keen footballer, Falls faces a four-year gap between the end of junior girls soccer and the beginning of adult leagues. "What are we supposed to do to keep our skills up? Are we expected to just wait?" she asked.

This year's I Support Women in Sports awards caused uproar after four topless models paraded the event's red carpet in bodypaint. The organisers, Women's Health Magazine Australia, apologised for the "artistic execution" last week.

Women's sports make up just 9% of sports coverage in Australian television news, research commission by the Australian Sports Commission has found. The study also found that reports about women in sport were on average about 30 seconds shorter than those about their male counterparts.

The conference continues on Tuesday.

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Sportswomen 'second-class citizens' as result of inequality in governing bodies

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Female athletes will remain "second-class citizens" as long as women's representation on sports governing bodies remains negligible, a Sydney conference on women in sport has heard. Just two women serve on Fifa's board, one woman on the world cycling's governing body and no women whatsoever on the governing body of the International Tennis Federation, research has found.

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Gender inequity in sports has been a long-standing issue since nineteenth century America which frowned on women's participation in sports as a threat to their fragility and fertility. This double standard persisted through much of the 1900s until Title IX was made law in 1972. Despite the great advancements that have been made in regard to women in sports since the establishment of Title IX, the issue still persists and will likely continue to do so without the implementation of significant change in all aspects of the industry, and the challenging of the gender ideology that still persists today in the United States.

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What is the difference between inequity and inequality?

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What is the difference between inequity and inequality?

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Think of it this way...

Equity is about fairness. It's about making sure people get access to the same opportunities.

Equality is about sameness. It promotes fairness and justice by giving everyone the same thing.

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Women's participation in sport. | via

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Media coverage of women's sports. | via

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Compensation for women athletes (salaries and prize packages). | via

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The provisions, accommodations, services provided to athletes, as demonstrated by the differences between the Men's and Women's weight rooms at the 2021 NCAA Basketball Tournament. | via @sabrina_i20

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The underrepresentation of women in senior-level roles in sport leadership. | via Michelle Redfern

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According to a morning newsletter from The New York Times, many softball players were treated as second-class citizens by the NCAA during the Women's College World Series this year. The women's stadium for the championship tournament had no showers, the players were rarely allowed an off day in between games - sometimes playing twice in one day, while the male athletes participating in the College World Series have off days as well as a golf outing, a free massage day, and a celebratory dinner.

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Significant Moments in the History of Women's Sports: A Timeline

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Significant Moments in the History of Women's Sports: A Timeline

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1896: First Women's Intercollegiate Basketball Game

1972: Title IX enacted

1974: The Women's Sports Foundation is born thanks to Billie Jean King

1984: Women are allowed to run the Olympic marathon for the first time

2012: For the first time ever, every competing country at the London Olympics includes female athletes in its delegation

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Critical Question #1: Are men part of the problem?

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Critical Question #1: Are men part of the problem?

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According to Michelle Redfern,

63.1% of men in sport agree that gender inequality exists.

59.5% of men in sport agree that gender inequality in sport is a problem.

51.3% of men in sport believe their organization should progress gender equality initiatives.

86.9% of men in sport believe they have a role to play in creating gender equality.

29.4% of men believe they are, or will be, disadvantaged due to gender inequality initiatives.

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8 Times Women in Sports Fought for Equality (Published 2019)

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All 28 players on the U.S. women’s soccer team filed a gender discrimination lawsuit on Friday. They are the latest athletes to insist on equal treatment from their sport.

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Critical Question #2: Do we believe them?  

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Critical Question #2: Do we believe them?  

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How to grow female sports media coverage:
1. Look for cross-over promotional opportunities with men's sports
2. Get the star athletes involved
3. Apply for funding
4. Take young girls to watch women's sports
5. Go directly to the most passionate fans
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Sport has the power to change lives. The ability to drive gender equality by teaching women and girls teamwork, self-reliance, resilience and confidence. Women in sport defy gender stereotypes and social norms, make inspiring role models, and show men and women as equals.

Led by UN Women, the Sport for Generation Equality Initiative is inviting stakeholders from across the sports ecosystem to be part of a powerful coalition to make gender equality a lived reality in and through sport.

Together, this coalition will accelerate efforts to promote women's leadership and equality in governance models, prevent and respond to gender-based violence, close the gap in investment in women's sport and promote equal economic opportunities, promote women's equal participation and bias-free representation in media, and provide equal opportunities for girls in sport, physical activity and physical education.

As some of the world's top women athletes prepare for the Olympic Games in Tokyo, we're celebrating the remarkable achievements and unmatched potential of women and girls in sport.

Top stories

Video: Meet Khadija Timera, a lawyer and boxer from Senegal

Social Media

Use #WomenInSport and #Tokyo2020 during the Olympics to show your support for women athletes who defy stereotypes and make inspiring role models, yet still face gender discrimination. Time to raise your voice and cheer for gender equality!

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Sport has the power to transcend boundaries of sex, race, religion and nationality. It promotes health and wellness, improves self-esteem, and teaches leadership, team skills and perseverance. Women in sport defy gender stereotypes, make inspiring role models, and show men and women as equals. Seeing is one step closer to being.

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The Commission advises the IOC Session, the IOC Executive Board and the IOC President on the implementation of the gender equality and inclusion strategy to enable them to make informed and balanced decisions to advance gender equality in sport on and off the field of play across the three spheres of responsibility of the IOC: the IOC as an organisation, the IOC as owner of the Olympic Games, and the IOC as leader of the Olympic Movement.

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The goal of gender equality is enshrined in the Olympic Charter, which compels the IOC to "encourage and support the promotion of women in sport at all levels". The Women in Sport pages display the IOC's commitment to gender equality in sport.

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A Resource for Shrinking the Gap: Because She Can

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A Resource for Shrinking the Gap: Because She Can

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Brophy - Padlet Presentation Works Cited