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The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire (1911)

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The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire (1911)

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Unknown, Unknown. “Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 26 May 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangle_Shirtwaist_Factory_fire. - Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Picture

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The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire (1911) 

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The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire (1911) 

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On March 25th, 1911 a shirtwaist factory fire started, quickly spreading through the upper floors of the factory. Many of those who passed were Jewish immigrants who had come to the U.S. for a better life, but because of the Boss's cheap ways and Lack of safety precautions many people died.  "I got paid by Triangle, $10 a week, flat rate, for 6 days a week including Saturdays. They had a read speed up system so that when they gave you the goods, let's say 60-yards, they fixed the time it should to do the work." said Sylvia Kimeldorf when being interviewed about the fire. She was a Jewish immigrant, and interview talk about how the majority of women in the factory were as well, as the news spread about the fire many Jewish workers were worried that it was because they were Jewish.

“SURVIVOR INTERVIEWS.” Cornell University - ILR School - The Triangle Factory Fire, trianglefire.ilr.cornell.edu/primary/survivorInterviews/.  - Triangle Shirtwaist Factory

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https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2017/05/22/leo-frank-was-lynched-for-a-murder-he-didnt-commit-now-neo-nazis-are-trying-to-rewrite-history/ - Leo Frank

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Leo Frank was wrongfully charged with the rape and murder of a younger girl named Mary. Even though he was proven innocent he was sentenced to life in prison, an angry mob from a local town kidnapped him and lynched him. Many people from the mob was seen two months later at a KKK meeting, even after they said it wasn't racially motivated. "Frank's Jewish identity, compounded resentment towards him, as latent Anti-Semitic sentiments, in flamed by Tom Watson, became more pronounced." Leonard Dinnerstein. That racially motivated attack caused many Jewish people to worry about anti-semite acts in the south or at least more so than they were already worried about.

Dinnerstein , Leonard. “Leo Frank Case.” New Georgia Encyclopedia, www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/leo-frank-case. - Leo Frank

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U.S Refusing to Let Jewish Immigrants in (1939)

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U.S Refusing to Let Jewish Immigrants in (1939)

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Blakemore, Erin. “A Ship of Jewish Refugees Was Refused US Landing in 1939. This Was Their Fate.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 4 June 2019, www.history.com/news/wwii-jewish-refugee-ship-st-louis-1939. - The refusal of Jewish Immigrants in 1939

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U.S. Refusing to Let Jewish Immigrants in (1939)

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U.S. Refusing to Let Jewish Immigrants in (1939)

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In the summer of 1939 the United States stopped a ship of Jewish immigrants because they thought they could be Nazi Spies. A few months before a Nazi spy by the name of Herbert Karl Friedrich Bahr was caught, but the passengers were different than he was. They were trying to escape. Because of the ocean liner being turned away it showed US citizens that anyone escaping Nazi reign could potentially be a Nazi spy. I couldn't find a proper quote, but the fear of Nazi spies seriously harmed Jewish immigrants trying to find a better place to live, work, and prosper.

Gross, Daniel A. “The U.S. Government Turned Away Thousands of Jewish Refugees, Fearing That They Were Nazi Spies.” Smithsonian.com, Smithsonian Institution, 18 Nov. 2015, www.smithsonianmag.com/history/us-government-turned-away-thousands-jewish-refugees-fearing-they-were-nazi-spies-180957324/. - The Refusal of Jewish Immigrants in 1939

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Mfa.gov.il, www.mfa.gov.il/mfa/foreignpolicy/peace/guide/pages/declaration%20of%20establishment%20of%20state%20of%20israel.aspx.

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When Israel was established in 1948 a lot of American Jewish people felt pride in the state. Celebrations happened all over the US to celebrate the founding of a "home" for all Jews. Because of Jewish Immigrants being separated from the rest of the world's population of Jewish peoples this was a way for them to reconnect with those people. It was also a way for them to know that even though they were struggling as Jewish peoples here, others were winning.

“National Humanities Center Announces 2021–22 Fellows.” National Humanities Center, 20 Apr. 2021, nationalhumanitiescenter.org/national-humanities-center-announces-2021-22-fellows/.

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Rosenblatt, Gary, et al. “30 Years Later, 'The Big Rally' Is Little Remembered.” Jewish Week, 15 Nov. 2017, jewishweek.timesofisrael.com/30-years-later-the-big-rally-is-little-remembered/.

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In the 1960's the was mass protests against the Russian treatment of Jewish peoples through out Jewish communities in the United States. The Soviet union was trying to destroy their Russian-Jewish communities that they had which sparked many different places where jewish students and other places created support groups. Many Jewish peoples applied for citizenships, but "The Russian government, however, wanting to discourage large-scale Soviet-Jewish migration, often imprisoned leaders of the jewish movement. these prisoners of conscience became the new forms of the international Soviet-Jewish protests movement."
“Jews in America.” Soviet Jewry Movement, www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/soviet-jewry-movement.

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The beginning of the Jewish Feminism Movement (Early 1970's)

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The beginning of the Jewish Feminism Movement (Early 1970's)

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Joyce Antler March 7, 2018. “The Forgotten Jewish Element of the Women's Liberation Movement.” Jewish Book Council, 13 Mar. 2019, www.jewishbookcouncil.org/pb-daily/the-forgotten-jewish-element-of-the-womens-liberation-movement.

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The Beginning of the Jewish Feminism Movement (Early 1970's) 

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The Beginning of the Jewish Feminism Movement (Early 1970's) 

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Orthodox Jews in the beginning of the 1960's began to find their voices in their communities. A group of Jewish women came together to play, write, and study which ended up drawing public attention after some of their writings had been published. Women weren't able to become Rabi's. These women's writings called for "equal access of women and men public roles [in the community]" It wanted women to be equal in the eyes of the law and divorce. The New York press heard about their writings which cause their ideas to be shown to a bigger audience. Which, in turn caused over 500 people to participate in their first national conference in New York. "Even as we pressed forward with our issues, we feed the reassuring cushion of community and Halacha all around us, and we are emboldened to speak the truth without fear" Blu Greenberg.

Hyman, Dr. Paula. “American Jewish Feminism: Beginnings.” My Jewish Learning, 29 Mar. 2018, www.myjewishlearning.com/article/american-jewish-feminism-beginnings/.

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Washington D.C. Attack and Hostage Taking (1977) 

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Washington D.C. Attack and Hostage Taking (1977) 

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New York Daily News. “Hanafi Siege: Gunmen Raid D.C. Buildings in 1977, Killing One and Wounding at Least 12 .” Nydailynews.com, New York Daily News, 8 Apr. 2018, www.nydailynews.com/news/world/hanafi-siege-gunmen-raid-buildings-1977-article-1.2994339.

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Washington D.C. Attack and Hostage Taking (1977) 

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Washington D.C. Attack and Hostage Taking (1977) 

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From March 9th to 11th in 1977 over one hundred members of a Jewish organization were taken hostage. "Members of a fringe Muslim group, armed with shot guns and swords, took 100 members of Gevish organization hostage," they also shot their way into the districts government building leaving two dead and one injured. It happened about two blocks away from the capital building in Washington D.C. There was a multiple day negotiation between the police and the hostage takers, "and if it meant saving the 149 lives, I would still be talking to [Khaalis] on the phone," The police Chief Cullinane later said in an interview about the incident. The leader of the siege's family had been killed after he spoke out criticizing a leader in the nation of Islam. Even though a group of muslims were prosecuted for the killed he still was convinced it was Jewish people's fault. That hatred caused quite a disturbance in the community especially because most knew someone in the building.

Davis, Aaron C. “The Day Terrorists Took D.C. Hostage.” The Washington Post, WP Company, 10 Mar. 2017, www.washingtonpost.com/local/dc-politics/the-day-muslim-terrorists-took-dc-hostage--and-there-was-a-happy-ending/2017/03/10/e7cf4918-0517-11e7-ad5b-d22680e18d10_story.html.

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"Sacramento Recalls 1999 Synagogues Firebombing by White Supremacist Brothers." The Sacramento Bee, The Sacramento Bee, 18 June 2014, https://www.sacbee.com/news/local/article2601610.html

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On the morning of June 18th, 1999 three major synagogues in Sacramento were victims of arson attacks. The three fires combined caused nearly a million dollars in damages and the history kept by those synagogues were lost. One of the synagogues was called 'The Oldest in the West," was badly burned. All of the fires were started within 3 hours of each other. The two white supremacist brothers who started the fires said they wanted to "cleanse" their city. "We're just a nice easy target...and that's been going on for two thousand years," Cantor Martin London said. "At the same time we feel that we're going to rebuild, we're going to renew" Rabi Brad Bloom followed. That fear and wanting to 'cleanse' places isn't new, but the effect on the communities is devastating. It makes people feel like they don't belong.

“Arson Hits 3 Synagogues in Sacramento Area.” Los Angeles Times, Los Angeles Times, 19 June 1999, www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-jun-19-mn-48016-story.html.