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“The death of them” – sounds wordy, “excessive and exuberant” – synonyms, their use together is redundant.  
“children gain(was “gainS”) new knowledge”
“Scientists have already presented (better “suggested”) a number of measures.
“steer clear OF (not “from”)”. 

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Educational migration rate has beenwas seriously activequite high 

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Educational migration rate has beenwas seriously activequite high 

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With the Soviet Union’s collapse Russian students obtained got an opportunity of to studying abroad

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Екатерина Никуленко

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Sexual transmitted diseases as a social problem: from classification to case management and consequences.

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Sexual transmitted diseases as a social problem: from classification to case management and consequences.

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The problem of sexual transmission diseases is rife all over the world. It would seem that the world is quite developed to realize the importance to forgo polygamous sexual relationships. But still people, mostly young people, like to unwind, live nonchalantly and carelessly. Let's deconstruct the problem of what sexual transmission diseases are.

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are infections transmitted from an infected person to an uninfected person through sexual contact. Also it is important to understand that not every STD is a venereal disease. For example, HSV 2 is the most widespread STD, but it's not a venereal disease. STDs can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites. But, many STDs increase the risk of HIV acquisition. Also, there are some infections, which can be transmitted with a barrier method of contraception.

In our article we would like to analyse how STDs became a social problem, which effects it has and how it influences future generations.

A little bit statistics:

STD case management

Accurate diagnostic tests for STDs are widely used in high-income countries, whereas low- and middle-income countries rely on symptoms only, without laboratory tests. This is called syndromic management. This method might miss a lot of asymptomatic diseases. As a result, there are the following consequences.

the birth of children with pathologies. And as a result - a weak and sick generation.

maternal mortality

low fertility

low life standard in low/middle income countries

mostly, women are blamed for STDs and, as a result, infertility. It causes s violence, cruelty and divorces.

decline a quality of life

children from the wrong side of the track face STDs due to frequent violence and sexual contacts between family members.

We would also like to talk about measures for the prevention of STDs.

In order to avoid sexually transmitted diseases, a high level of motivation is needed, that is, a challenging internal attitude aimed at the constant use of personal protective equipment for STDs.

First it is to disavow "casual" relationships. The appearance of a person, his level of education, social status and marital status - cannot speak of the presence or absence of sexually transmitted diseases. At the same time, the person himself can be decidedly sure that he is healthy, and absolutely not suspect that he is sick.

Second is condom use. A condom is a classic STD prevention tool, the effectiveness of which is close to 100%.

Thirdly, formidable information messages occupy a special place in the social prevention of STDs. Sexually transmitted disease warnings make young people think about their worthless sexual behavior.

Also from our side, we want to propose measures for prevention in order to help society:

- the observance of the rules of personal hygiene in intimate life. To forgo the use of other people's personal hygiene items.

- to enhance  access to medical care, to provide annual free examinations by venereologists / gynecologists / andrologists.

- to stay clear of people at risk of contracting STDs.

- to take into account and conduct a course of lectures on sex education for students and schoolchildren to the ministries of health of the countries.

- to attend appointments with female / male doctors not for one person, but for two partners in a couple. Problem inclusiveness can help solve it.

- to aspire to change your sexual behavior to a safe one. Limit the number of sexual partners.

In our article we considered types of STDs, emphasized consequences, described core tenets of preventing STDs and deconstructed the idea why it's important to aspire to monogamous relationships. We strongly believe that it's an effective measure to inoculate a penchant for competent sexual behavior for the younger generation.  It would be good for social changes all over the world, if the government would  patronize  medical and social issues of STDs.

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Social media and cyberbullying: a new terrifying threat to society 

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Social media and cyberbullying: a new terrifying threat to society 

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There’s no doubt that social media has already become an indispensable element of our lives. Yet, apart from the convenience, it brought to our communication, the proliferation of social networks caused severe mental health problems for the younger generation. Social media platforms became a launching pad for cyberbullying. Constant use of social networks and comparing themselves with others made the lives of millions of teens around the world unendurable.

According to definition, cyberbullying is a “significant example of <a>…  destructive or harmful behaviour” in modern communication [1, Ghada M. Abaido], performed via electronic or digital media by groups or individuals repeatedly communicating “hostile or aggressive messages” to inflict harm or discomfort on others” [2, Tokunaga].

The most striking thing about cyberbullying is that it may start with just your putting a foot wrong but with the rapid spread of information online the effect of social disapproval enhances significantly. It becomes plain sailing for cyberbullies to get likes, shares, comments and retweets [3], which for the victim turns out to be a torment. Being constantly frustrated by the negative feedback, some people end up self-humiliating, can’t get back on the horse,  become so depressed by the utter inanity of it, that they even take their own lives, bringing woe to their family members as well.

Cyberbullying became an issue of special concern and increased the level of scrutiny after a series of high-profile suicides [4,5] of teenagers who were continually subjected to humiliation and harassment or were stalked on multiple social networks. For instance, in 2013 a spate of suicides was linked to the social network Ask.fm, where users can ask each other questions anonymously [5].

In Russia, the dramatic outburst of death rate among teenagers driven to suicide in groups of the social network Vkontakte appeared to be a wake-up call about the hazard of social media. It not only ushered in wider societal debate and provoked a number of amendments to the Criminal Code [6] but also brought to life a series of researches around the world.

As per 2012 reports, 95% of American teenagers use the Internet and 81% of those use social media [1]. The fact they get connected to social media when their level of emotional and social development isn’t high and the capacity to self-regulate is limited leaves them vulnerable to peer pressure [5]. On a global scale, the results of recent studies on the issue reveal the prevalence rates of cyberbullying range from 10% to 40% [1]. Quite often cyberbullying can be mistaken for just telling jokes at the expense of peers [7]. And the severity of the situation is realised suddenly when the effects have already piled up.

As cyberbullies and non-bullies themselves admit, the reasons why cyberbullying occurs include a lack of confidence, a desire for control, and finding it entertaining.

When teens are online, they don’t communicate with their peers in the same way as in real life. On the Internet, teenagers’ behavior may be more disrespectful and in your face. Oftentimes, they are more aggressive or critical of their counterparts on social media because of the anonymity they have online and their ability to avoid retaliation [3]. Additionally, cyberbullies may feel less remorse or empathy when engaging in these behaviors because they can’t see the direct impact of their actions.

The causes of cyberbullying can also be the following factors:

Stress and trauma

Often, those who engage in bullying have had a stressful or traumatic experience. It's clear that the reaction to stressful situations is different for all people. Some people will try to solve their problem, while others will use negative behavior just because they don't know how to respond to stress.

They’ve been bullied

Sometimes bullying victims themselves start bullying others. This works as a defense mechanism. Also, people who have experienced bullying can stop trusting people, treating them with scorn and mistrust.

Difficult home life

1 in 3 of those who bully people admit that they don't get enough attention from their family members [8]. Often such people come from violent households and in such a social context they feel rather rejected.

Demonstration of force

Attacks on the cyber victim are manifested in constant insults in order to demonstrate superiority and self-assertion [9].

People who bully online can choose their victims on the basis of religion, race, sexual or gender identity, weight, social status etc [8]. For example, people who have been born with a silver spoon in their mouth may start mocking those who live in poverty. However, cyberbullying can affect everyone. So what should people do in this case? How to avoid cyberbullying?

First of all, never post personal information or anything that is very private - this could backfire on you. Don't respond to an angry message with anger or don’t respond at all [10]. If you are already being bullied try to break off communication with the bully. Also, parents and teachers should speak to young people early about how to behave on the Internet, how to respond positively to the online world, and what to do if they face up to upsetting content.

Besides, it's high time for companies to start fighting cyberbullying and create a mentally favorable atmosphere on their platforms. For instance, the trust and safety team of Snapchat works around the clock to review abuse reports and take action when they become aware of a violation [11].

We shouldn't condone this problem, on the contrary, to uphold our rights online we need to raise the profile of the issue of cyberbullying, constantly drawing the attention of society to it. On the governmental level, using the influence of pressure groups, we should exercise efficient control over social media platforms, implementing libel laws and making infringers of the law legally liable.

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High-tech gadgets and the problem of children use them every day. Are they beneficial or not?

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High-tech gadgets and the problem of children use them every day. Are they beneficial or not?

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The life of a modern person is no longer possible without such things as a tablet, smartphone, or computer. There are frequent instances when children from a very young age have a penchant for using gadgets: they surmise that if parents pay so much attention to them, they are beneficial and significant in our life. As for parents, they aspire to be a good example to their children, but sometimes they don’t think enough about the actions that can be detrimental for a child. Today children spend much time sitting on the Internet to rub shoulders with their friends, watch videos, or play games. They look to their same-year-olds and, of course, their parents. However, as for adults, it is run-of-the-mill to use such gadgets every day, but it seems peerless for children to hang out on the Internet because, nowadays, it is a kind of frenzy over teenagers.

So, is it beneficial for people, especially children, to use modern gadgets or not?

On the one hand, modern devices help children to enhance cognitive processes and have new knowledge. Some computer games and applications encourage the refinement of attention, memory, logical reasoning, reading, counting, and drawing. There are also informative cartoons where children gains new knowledge about things surrounding them. However, there are not so many decent games and cartoons to choose from. Moreover, children and teenagers use their gadgets for studying remotely. Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, most adolescents begin to study at home, sitting at the computer for hours. Pupils benefit from computers and smartphones by doing their homework and finding the answers to intriguing questions on the Internet. On the other hand, the gadgets draw children’s attention from studying. Teenagers begin using their devices for other purposes, such as communicating on social networks or making fun of worthless videos on the Internet. Today teenagers in Russia use applications VK, WhatsApp, Instagram, and Tik-Tok to follow each other. These platforms have become very popular among teenagers and even children. So, let’s talk about a kind of thought-provoking issue of using such apps in our daily life.

Are these applications inspiring for children or is it unstimulating for them to spend so much time there?

At least once, you could see your child making a short video on Tik-Tok or Instagram trying to follow the trends on the Internet. Such trends are shifting, so there are more and more children’s videos appearing every day. Indeed, some of the videos are enlightening, but there are a few of them. Tik-Tok is a bad influence on children because they become addicted to watching videos on the Internet. Some of the children take the view that this platform is for earning money. They yearn to be popular on the Internet to earn hundreds thousands of rubles from commercial projects. However, children become trusting to people they don’t know. It leads to serious consequences, such as fraud. Today the security system is developing, but Internet users, especially parents of children who use such apps, can’t trust it in full.

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Could the extinction of bees be the end for humanity?

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Could the extinction of bees be the end for humanity?

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Today, the protagonists  of our article are bees. A huge number of bees disappear in the world every year, do you think this does not concern you, do you think it is a kind of inanity? Then you are undeniably wrong! Let's put you in the picture!

What's happening?

The diminution of bees occurs in huge quantities...The death of them is recorded in many countries, such as: Canada, USA, Italy, Great Britain, China and so on. Let's talk about Russia! The researchers fathomed that,drastically, in 2019, from 5% to 30% of bee families died! Put simply, the extinction of bees cost Russia 1 trillion rubles! Maybe nature wants to settle the score with us?

Is society to blame for this?

Is it all because of the overbearing nature of people?

Nowadays it is a transparent problem, but how did this happen? It has been proven that a similar situation arose due to the intensive use of pesticides in agriculture and due to the excessive and exuberant  use of inorganic fertilizers.

Another version of the reason for the extinction of bees is, plausibly, a huge number of mobile towers, by the same token, the queens lay fewer eggs.

Can humanity be saved? Or will people's sense of security continue to take on a soft sideshow?

It is so thought-provoking!  There is always hope, but of course, we have a hard graft! Scientists have already presented a number of measures to improve the situation - concern for the environment, the use of environmentally friendly fertilizers, and so on.The topic of bees in Germany has united expert biologists, officials, large concerns and ordinary citizens. It is believed that an example of how to proceed will be the "Save the Bees" petition, which was signed by 1.75 million people in Bavaria (there are only 13 million inhabitants in this land). The popular initiative that formed the basis of the petition became law in July 2019. The new law requires more organic farms, more wild meadows, and fewer pesticides to be banned from protected areas. If we can brave the threat of extinction of bees, it would be a victory for the whole world. We hope people will  be able to recapture  the former position of bees and give them the opportunity to fly nonchalantly around under the dazzling Sun and blue sky, propping up the ecosystem.

Still deem bees aren't important?

Do you still take all the goods for granted? If you read this article over a cup of coffee, with a plate of ripe fruits and flowers in your favorite vase - we just want to say that without bees you can lose it forever. That is why we have a formidable task-to increase the fertility of bees and get rid of oppressive surroundings. People, who are not malevolent and drink bees in, have an eager anticipation to resolve safety concerns of bees. Moreover, they’re looking to attract the attention of members of corporate sponsorship. They are trying to steer clear from using inorganic fertilizers. Bees are the perpetual motion of our life!