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Mrs. Bacon

Cody, Wyoming

406-838-3453

My appointment calendar: https://calendar.app.google/QX9ZpRttsuMbrkf97

Office Hours: M-Friday 7-3 check open times on the calendar link above.

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Top five things to know about me:
1. I love Star Wars, Star Trek, and good books.
2. Mexican Food is my favorite kind of food.
3. I have two dogs.
4. I'm a professional artist.
5. Legos are a hobby of mine.

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In the document linked here you can see the classroom expectations for our Zoom sessions. If you have any questions, please contact me directly.

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Quick Checks

Quick Checks are five percent of the overall grade. There are no retakes for quick checks. If you fail a quick check, you need to review your vocabulary and submit your notes from the lesson to bring the quick check to passing before you complete the unit quiz. By reviewing your notes and vocab, you can do better on your quiz.

Quizzes

Each unit has a quiz. You need to take your time and study your vocabulary and notes from your prior lessons. There are no retakes or redoes on the unit quizzes. Quizzes are 30% of your grade.

Portfolios-

Portfolios are 50% of your overall grade. It is vital that you follow the directions as that is what your grade is based on. That means you have submitted both a photo of your artwork, your process worksheet or a written explanation of your art in the drop box. Portfolios can be redone twice to improve your grade if you so choose.

Skipped or blank documents in portfolio drop boxes will count as one of your chances to improve your grade.

Extra Credit-

Extra Credit opportunities are posted here on this padlet in early December for the fall and in May for the spring semester. Please note that you can only use extra credit activities to replace one low unit test score.

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Here is a document explaining how to post to the discussion boards.

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How to name your files to submit for class

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How to name your files to submit for class

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All assignments that are submitted to the drop box should be in the following format

Last Name, First initial- Class Name- Assignment Name

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MS Digital Art and Design Portfolio help

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MS Digital Art and Design Portfolio help

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Please click on the image to access the slide presentation.

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Beginner - Advanced

Chrome Canvas

canvas.apps.chrome

Google Drawings

https://docs.google.com › drawings

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Krita is a free drawing app.

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Krita is a professional FREE and open source painting program. It is made by artists that want to see affordable art tools for everyone.

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How to take a photo of your art with a chromebook webcam .  (video from another art teacher)

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How to take a photo of your art with a chromebook webcam .  (video from another art teacher)

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You can use your camera app under the start menu and then, take a photo of yourself holding your artwork.

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Using Your Chromebook To Photograph and Edit Your Drawings

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Make sure you go to file and then make a copy to save it to your google drive.

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For ALL MS Art courses use this Art  Critique Worksheet

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Make sure you go to file and then make a copy to save it to your google drive.

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For ALL MS Art courses use this Art  Critique Worksheet

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Combine your favorite Wyoming location with your favorite artist style.

Digital drawing software is fine for this assignment. Make sure you turn in your worksheet as well.

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REQUIRED PORTFOLIO ART PROJECT (Read below for the lesson art activity as we will not be doing the Egyptian portfolio at the end of this lesson.)

DIRECTIONS: It is time to invent future tech or fashion.

1. Styles change both in fashion and in art. No one knows what the future will bring. For this assignment, create a drawing/ painting/ sculpture/ or digital drawing of what you think will be in style in the future?

Will people use rocket packs to travel around? Will they need spacesuits? Will they be able to change their clothing with a button on their phone or watch like in the movie WALL-E?

Create something that you believe will be in style in the future and turn in your photo of your work and your critique worksheet at the end of this lesson.

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REQUIRED PORTFOLIO ART PROJECT- Scroll down to read the directions for this art assignment.

DIRECTIONS:

Read the lesson slides about how artists choose their medium (art materials). Then return here and follow the steps below to create your “One Challenge” art project for the assessment.

1. Create artwork using:

One basic shape (in a variety of sizes)

~AND~
One basic color (in different tints and shades)

*Please note: You will choose ONE shape and ONE color. However, your artwork must show variety, so the shape should appear in different sizes, and the color should be shown using different tints and shades. See the example above: the triangles are different sizes, and the blue color includes multiple tints and shades.

You may draw, paint, make a digital drawing, collage, or create a sculpture.
All art must be 100% your own. No AI, internet images, or copying other artists.

2. Be ready to answer these 2 assessment questions:
Which shape and color did you choose?
If you redid the project, how could you arrange the shapes differently?

3. Put in the drop box your image of your one challenge and your critique worksheet.

Helpful resources: https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1Ov4pqhbCfVbz_WksdR1j1ASqMfB-Lkyt/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=109681182920514525349&rtpof=true&sd=true

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Stop and read: Required Art assignment to turn in.

Art Assignment Directions: Make sure you read the directions carefully and fully, so make sure you scroll down to see all the options for this assignment.

From tricksters like Anasazi (the spider), Coyote, Raven, and the Fox to animals that represent wisdom (owls and elephants), animals are a part of art and literature in many cultures. In this lesson, you will learn about several animals both mythological and real.

Your assignment is to choose one of the following things to draw.

1. Think about what animal best represents you or the characteristics you wish to have. Are you more like a wolf or are you more like a panda. Create a drawing of that animal in its natural habitat. Yes, that means looking up the animal and its ecosystem.

2. For those of you who like mythological animals, create a drawing of a mythological animal that either represents you or is one you would like to have or maybe one that has characteristics that you wish you had.

3. Lastly, if you really want to get creative, create an animal hybrid of your own design.

Have fun and make sure you include a background for your animal (aka ecosystem) and you make sure your art critique worksheet is completely filled out. The drop box to upload your photo and worksheet is at the end of the lesson.

Any questions?

Please ask.

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Make sure you go to file and then make a copy to save it to your google drive.

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For ALL MS Art courses use this Art  Critique Worksheet

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Mural Portfolio 4.3 Discussion and 4.5 final

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Mural Portfolio 4.3 Discussion and 4.5 final

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For the discussion: Assignment: Create a design on paper for a large scale mural that could be in a nearby town to where you live. It could be a mural for a local business, the local wildlife, tourism, or local industry. You will post the photo of your drawing and your written explanation on the discussion board along with two comments on other students posts that go beyond “I like it”. Give them honest feedback and a suggestion for improving the design.

For the Final: Mural Design Part two:

For this part of the assignment, you are going to go back to your plan drawing and suggestions from other students and create a final artwork on paper of your mural design. This will involve using a color media of your choice. Markers, colored pencils, digital drawing apps, or paint are all acceptable materials. No pencil sketches only.

This should be a final design that could be used to propose your mural to the local city council or business.

Your mural design should be drawn as if it were in its final spot meaning, you draw it on paper as if it were on a building, in a park etc.

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Unit 5 lesson 6 Personal Style portfolio

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Unit 5 lesson 6 Personal Style portfolio

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Submit the three worksheets listed in the lesson. This is not a drawing activity.

Your option is to create an visual slideshow of the items mentioned for each worksheet.

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What is your favorite monument in the world and why?

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The Great Wall of China ( traditional Chinese: 萬里長城; simplified Chinese: 万里长城; pinyin: Wànlǐ Chángchéng , literally "ten thousand li long wall") is a series of fortifications that were built across the historical northern borders of ancient Chinese states and Imperial China as protection against various nomadic groups from the Eurasian Steppe. Several walls were built from as early as the 7th century BC, with selective stretches later joined by Qin Shi Huang (220-206 BC), the first emperor of China. Little of the Qin wall remains. Later on, many successive dynasties built and maintained multiple stretches of border walls. The best-known sections of the wall were built by the Ming dynasty (1368-1644).

Apart from defense, other purposes of the Great Wall have included border controls, allowing the imposition of duties on goods transported along the Silk Road, regulation or encouragement of trade and the control of immigration and emigration. Furthermore, the defensive characteristics of the Great Wall were enhanced by the construction of watchtowers, troop barracks, garrison stations, signaling capabilities through the means of smoke or fire, and the fact that the path of the Great Wall also served as a transportation corridor.

The frontier walls built by different dynasties have multiple courses. Collectively, they stretch from Liaodong in the east to Lop Lake in the west, from the present-day Sino-Russian border in the north to Tao River (Taohe) in the south; along an arc that roughly delineates the edge of the Mongolian steppe; spanning 21,196.18 km (13,170.70 mi) in total. Today, the defensive system of the Great Wall is generally recognized as one of the most impressive architectural feats in history.

Huayi tu, an 1136 map of China with the Great Wall depicted on the northern edge of the country

The collection of fortifications known as the Great Wall of China has historically had a number of different names in both Chinese and English.

In Chinese histories, the term "Long Wall(s)" ( Chángchéng) appears in Sima Qian's Records of the Grand Historian, where it referred both to the separate great walls built between and north of the Warring States and to the more unified construction of the First Emperor. The Chinese character , meaning city or fortress, is a phono-semantic compound of the "earth" radical and phonetic , whose Old Chinese pronunciation has been reconstructed as * deŋ. It originally referred to the rampart which surrounded traditional Chinese cities and was used by extension for these walls around their respective states; today, however, it is much more often the Chinese word for "city".

The longer Chinese name "Ten-Thousand Mile Long Wall" ( Wànlǐ Chángchéng) came from Sima Qian's description of it in the Records, though he did not name the walls as such. The AD 493 Book of Song quotes the frontier general Tan Daoji referring to "the long wall of 10,000 miles", closer to the modern name, but the name rarely features in pre-modern times otherwise. The traditional Chinese mile (, lǐ) was an often irregular distance that was intended to show the length of a standard village and varied with terrain but was usually standardized at distances around a third of an English mile (540 m). However, this use of "ten-thousand" ( wàn) is figurative in a similar manner to the Greek and English and simply means "innumerable" or "immeasurable".

Because of the wall's association with the First Emperor's supposed tyranny, the Chinese dynasties after Qin usually avoided referring to their own additions to the wall by the name "Long Wall". Instead, various terms were used in medieval records, including "frontier(s)" (, Sài), "rampart(s)" (, Yuán), "barrier(s)" (, Zhàng), "the outer fortresses" (, Wàibǎo), and "the border wall(s)" Biānqiáng). Poetic and informal names for the wall included "the Purple Frontier" (, Zǐsài) and "the Earth Dragon" Tǔlóng). Only during the Qing period did "Long Wall" become the catch-all term to refer to the many border walls regardless of their location or dynastic origin, equivalent to the English "Great Wall".

Sections of the wall in south Gobi Desert and Mongolian steppe are sometimes referred to as "Wall of Genghis Khan", even though Genghis Khan did not construct any walls or permanent defense lines himself.

The current English name evolved from accounts of "the Chinese wall" from early modern European travelers. By the nineteenth century, "the Great Wall of China" had become standard in English and French, although other European languages such as German continue to refer to it as "the Chinese wall".

Early walls

The Great Wall of the Qin stretches from Lintao to Liaodong.

The Chinese were already familiar with the techniques of wall-building by the time of the Spring and Autumn period between the 8th and 5th centuries BC. During this time and the subsequent Warring States period, the states of Qin, Wei, Zhao, Qi, Han, Yan, and Zhongshan all constructed extensive fortifications to defend their own borders. Built to withstand the attack of small arms such as swords and spears, these walls were made mostly of stone or by stamping earth and gravel between board frames.

The Great Wall of the Han is the longest of all walls, from Mamitu, near Yumenguan, to Liaodong.

King Zheng of Qin conquered the last of his opponents and unified China as the First Emperor of the Qin dynasty ("Qin Shi Huang") in 221 BC. Intending to impose centralized rule and prevent the resurgence of feudal lords, he ordered the destruction of the sections of the walls that divided his empire among the former states. To position the empire against the Xiongnu people from the north, however, he ordered the building of new walls to connect the remaining fortifications along the empire's northern frontier. "Build and move on" was a central guiding principle in constructing the wall, implying that the Chinese were not erecting a permanently fixed border.

Transporting the large quantity of materials required for construction was difficult, so builders always tried to use local resources. Stones from the mountains were used over mountain ranges, while rammed earth was used for construction in the plains. There are no surviving historical records indicating the exact length and course of the Qin walls. Most of the ancient walls have eroded away over the centuries, and very few sections remain today. The human cost of the construction is unknown, but it has been estimated by some authors that hundreds of thousands of workers died building the Qin wall. Later, the Han, the Northern dynasties and the Sui all repaired, rebuilt, or expanded sections of the Great Wall at great cost to defend themselves against northern invaders. The Tang and Song dynasties did not undertake any significant effort in the region. Dynasties founded by non-Han ethnic groups also built their border walls: the Xianbei-ruled Northern Wei, the Khitan-ruled Liao, Jurchen-led Jin and the Tangut-established Western Xia, who ruled vast territories over Northern China throughout centuries, all constructed defensive walls but those were located much to the north of the other Great Walls as we know it, within China's autonomous region of Inner Mongolia and in modern-day Mongolia itself.

The extent of the Ming Empire and its walls

The Great Wall concept was revived again under the Ming in the 14th century, and following the Ming army's defeat by the Oirats in the Battle of Tumu. The Ming had failed to gain a clear upper hand over the Mongol tribes after successive battles, and the long-drawn conflict was taking a toll on the empire. The Ming adopted a new strategy to keep the nomadic tribes out by constructing walls along the northern border of China. Acknowledging the Mongol control established in the Ordos Desert, the wall followed the desert's southern edge instead of incorporating the bend of the Yellow River.

Unlike the earlier fortifications, the Ming construction was stronger and more elaborate due to the use of bricks and stone instead of rammed earth. Up to 25,000 watchtowers are estimated to have been constructed on the wall. As Mongol raids continued periodically over the years, the Ming devoted considerable resources to repair and reinforce the walls. Sections near the Ming capital of Beijing were especially strong. Qi Jiguang between 1567 and 1570 also repaired and reinforced the wall, faced sections of the ram-earth wall with bricks and constructed 1,200 watchtowers from Shanhaiguan Pass to Changping to warn of approaching Mongol raiders. During the 1440s-1460s, the Ming also built a so-called "Liaodong Wall". Similar in function to the Great Wall (whose extension, in a sense, it was), but more basic in construction, the Liaodong Wall enclosed the agricultural heartland of the Liaodong province, protecting it against potential incursions by Jurchen-Mongol Oriyanghan from the northwest and the Jianzhou Jurchens from the north. While stones and tiles were used in some parts of the Liaodong Wall, most of it was in fact simply an earth dike with moats on both sides.

Towards the end of the Ming, the Great Wall helped defend the empire against the Manchu invasions that began around 1600. Even after the loss of all of Liaodong, the Ming army held the heavily fortified Shanhai Pass, preventing the Manchus from conquering the Chinese heartland. The Manchus were finally able to cross the Great Wall in 1644, after Beijing had already fallen to Li Zicheng's short-lived Shun dynasty. Before this time, the Manchus had crossed the Great Wall multiple times to raid, but this time it was for conquest. The gates at Shanhai Pass were opened on May 25 by the commanding Ming general, Wu Sangui, who formed an alliance with the Manchus, hoping to use the Manchus to expel the rebels from Beijing. The Manchus quickly seized Beijing, and eventually defeated both the Shun dynasty and the remaining Ming resistance, consolidating the rule of the Qing dynasty over all of China proper.

Under Qing rule, China's borders extended beyond the walls and Mongolia was annexed into the empire, so constructions on the Great Wall were discontinued. On the other hand, the so-called Willow Palisade, following a line similar to that of the Ming Liaodong Wall, was constructed by the Qing rulers in Manchuria. Its purpose, however, was not defense but rather to prevent Han Chinese migration into Manchuria.

Foreign accounts

Part of the Great Wall of China (April 1853, X, p. 41)[38]

The Great Wall in 1907

None of the Europeans who visited China or Mongolia in the 13th and 14th centuries, such as Giovanni da Pian del Carpine, William of Rubruck, Marco Polo, Odoric of Pordenone and Giovanni de' Marignolli, mentioned the Great Wall.

The North African traveler Ibn Battuta, who also visited China during the Yuan dynasty c. 1346, had heard about China's Great Wall, possibly before he had arrived in China. He wrote that the wall is "sixty days' travel" from Zeitun (modern Quanzhou) in his travelogue Gift to Those Who Contemplate the Wonders of Cities and the Marvels of Travelling. He associated it with the legend of the wall mentioned in the Qur'an, which Dhul-Qarnayn (commonly associated with Alexander the Great) was said to have erected to protect people near the land of the rising sun from the savages of Gog and Magog. However, Ibn Battuta could find no one who had either seen it or knew of anyone who had seen it, suggesting that although there were remnants of the wall at that time, they were not significant.

Soon after Europeans reached Ming China by ship in the early 16th century, accounts of the Great Wall started to circulate in Europe, even though no European was to see it for another century. Possibly one of the earliest European descriptions of the wall and of its significance for the defense of the country against the " Tartars" (i.e. Mongols) may be the one contained in João de Barros's 1563 Asia. Other early accounts in Western sources include those of Gaspar da Cruz, Bento de Goes, Matteo Ricci, and Bishop Juan González de Mendoza, the latter in 1585 describing it as a "superbious and mightie work" of architecture, though he had not seen it. In 1559, in his work "A Treatise of China and the Adjoyning Regions", Gaspar da Cruz offers an early discussion of the Great Wall. Perhaps the first recorded instance of a European actually entering China via the Great Wall came in 1605, when the Portuguese Jesuit brother Bento de Góis reached the northwestern Jiayu Pass from India. Early European accounts were mostly modest and empirical, closely mirroring contemporary Chinese understanding of the Wall, although later they slid into hyperbole, including the erroneous but ubiquitous claim that the Ming walls were the same ones that were built by the first emperor in the 3rd century BC.

When China opened its borders to foreign merchants and visitors after its defeat in the First and Second Opium Wars, the Great Wall became a main attraction for tourists. The travelogues of the later 19th century further enhanced the reputation and the mythology of the Great Wall.

A formal definition of what constitutes a "Great Wall" has not been agreed upon, making the full course of the Great Wall difficult to describe in its entirety. The defensive lines contain multiple stretches of ramparts, trenches and ditches, as well as individual fortresses.

In 2012, based on existing research and the results of a comprehensive mapping survey, the National Cultural Heritage Administration of China concluded that the remaining Great Wall associated sites include 10,051 wall sections, 1,764 ramparts or trenches, 29,510 individual buildings, and 2,211 fortifications or passes, with the walls and trenches spanning a total length of 21,196.18 km (13,170.70 mi). Incorporating advanced technologies, the study has concluded that the Ming Great Wall measures 8,850 km (5,500 mi). This consists of 6,259 km (3,889 mi) of wall sections, 359 km (223 mi) of trenches and 2,232 km (1,387 mi) of natural defensive barriers such as hills and rivers. In addition, Qin, Han and earlier Great Wall sites are 3,080 km (1,914 mi) long in total; Jin dynasty (1115-1234) border fortifications are 4,010 km (2,492 mi) in length; the remainder date back to Northern Wei, Northern Qi, Sui, Tang, the Five Dynasties, Song, Liao and Xixia. About half of the sites are located in Inner Mongolia (31%) and Hebei (19%).

Han Great Wall

Great Wall of Han dynasty near Yumenguan

Han fortifications starts from Yumen Pass and Yang Pass, southwest of Dunhuang, in Gansu province. Ruins of the remotest Han border posts are found in Mamitu ( Mǎmítú, "horses losing their way") near Yumen Pass.

Ming Great Wall

The (, Jiayu Pass, located in Gansu province, is the western terminus of the Ming Great Wall. From Jiayu Pass the wall travels discontinuously down the Hexi Corridor and into the deserts of Ningxia, where it enters the western edge of the Yellow River loop at Yinchuan. Here the first major walls erected during the Ming dynasty cut through the Ordos Desert to the eastern edge of the Yellow River loop. There at Piantou Pass Piāntóuguān) in Xinzhou, Shanxi province, the Great Wall splits in two with the "Outer Great Wall" Wài Chǎngchéng) extending along the Inner Mongolia border with Shanxi into Hebei province, and the "Inner Great Wall" Nèi Chǎngchéng) running southeast from Piantou Pass for some 400 km (250 mi), passing through important passes like the Pingxing Pass and Yanmen Pass before joining the Outer Great Wall at Sihaiye Sìhǎiyě), in Beijing's Yanqing County.

The sections of the Great Wall around Beijing municipality are especially famous: they were frequently renovated and are regularly visited by tourists today. The Badaling Great Wall near Zhangjiakou is the most famous stretch of the wall, for this was the first section to be opened to the public in the People's Republic of China, as well as the showpiece stretch for foreign dignitaries. The Badaling Great Wall saw nearly 10 million visitors in 2018, and in 2019, a daily limit of 65,000 visitors was instated. South of Badaling is the Juyong Pass; when it was used by the Chinese to protect their land, this section of the wall had many guards to defend the capital Beijing. Made of stone and bricks from the hills, this portion of the Great Wall is 7.8 m (25 ft 7 in) high and 5 m (16 ft 5 in) wide.

Ming dynasty Great Wall at Jinshanling

One of the most striking sections of the Ming Great Wall is where it climbs extremely steep slopes in Jinshanling. There it runs 11 km (7 mi) long, ranges from 5 to 8 m (16 ft 5 in to 26 ft 3 in) in height, and 6 m (19 ft 8 in) across the bottom, narrowing up to 5 m (16 ft 5 in) across the top. Wangjing Lou Wàngjīng Lóu) is one of Jinshanling's 67 watchtowers, 980 m (3,220 ft) above sea level. Southeast of Jinshanling is the Mutianyu Great Wall which winds along lofty, cragged mountains from the southeast to the northwest for 2.25 km (1.40 mi). It is connected with Juyongguan Pass to the west and Gubeikou to the east. This section was one of the first to be renovated following the turmoil of the Cultural Revolution.

At the edge of the Bohai Gulf is Shanhai Pass, considered the traditional end of the Great Wall and the "First Pass Under Heaven". The part of the wall inside Shanhai Pass that meets the sea is named the "Old Dragon Head". 3 km (2 mi) north of Shanhai Pass is Jiaoshan Great Wall ( Jiāoshān Chángchéng), the site of the first mountain of the Great Wall. 15 km (9 mi) northeast from Shanhaiguan is Jiumenkou Jiǔménkǒu), which is the only portion of the wall that was built as a bridge.

In 2009, 180 km of previously unknown sections of the Ming wall concealed by hills, trenches and rivers were discovered with the help of infrared range finders and GPS devices. In March and April 2015, nine sections with a total length of more than 10 km (6 mi), believed to be part of the Great Wall, were discovered along the border of Ningxia autonomous region and Gansu province.

Characteristics

Before the use of bricks, the Great Wall was mainly built from rammed earth, stones, and wood. During the Ming, however, bricks were heavily used in many areas of the wall, as were materials such as tiles, lime, and stone. The size and weight of the bricks made them easier to work with than earth and stone, so construction quickened. Additionally, bricks could bear more weight and endure better than rammed earth. Stone can hold under its own weight better than brick, but is more difficult to use. Consequently, stones cut into rectangular shapes were used for the foundation, inner and outer brims, and gateways of the wall. Battlements line the uppermost portion of the vast majority of the wall, with defensive gaps a little over 30 cm (12 in) tall, and about 23 cm (9.1 in) wide. From the parapets, guards could survey the surrounding land.

Sticky rice mortar, consisting of sticky rice soup mixed with slaked lime, was extensively used to hold bricks together; no human bones or body parts were ever incorporated into the mortar or any part of the wall, contrary to what a legend states. Communication between the army units along the length of the Great Wall, including the ability to call reinforcements and warn garrisons of enemy movements, was of high importance. Signal towers were built upon hill tops or other high points along the wall for their visibility. Wooden gates could be used as a trap against those going through. Barracks, stables, and armories were built near the wall's inner surface.

A more rural portion of the Great Wall that stretches through the mountains, here seen in slight disrepair

While portions north of Beijing and near tourist centers have been preserved and even extensively renovated, in many other locations the wall is in disrepair. The wall sometimes provided a source of stones to build houses and roads. Sections of the wall are also prone to graffiti and vandalism, while inscribed bricks were pilfered and sold on the market for up to 50 renminbi. Parts have been destroyed to make way for construction or mining.

A 2012 report by the National Cultural Heritage Administration states that 22% of the Ming Great Wall has disappeared, while 1,961 km (1,219 mi) of wall have vanished. In 2007 it was estimated that more than 60 km (37 mi) of the wall in Gansu province may disappear in the next 20 years, due to erosion from sandstorms. In some places, the height of the wall has been reduced from more than 5 m (16 ft 5 in) to less than 2 m (6 ft 7 in). Various square lookout towers that characterize the most famous images of the wall have disappeared. Many western sections of the wall are constructed from mud, rather than brick and stone, and thus are more susceptible to erosion. In 2014 a portion of the wall near the border of Liaoning and Hebei province was repaired with concrete. The work has been much criticized.

A section of the wall in Shanxi province was severely damaged in 2023 by construction workers, who widened an existing gap in the wall to make a shortcut for an excavator to pass through. Police described the act as causing "irreversible damage to the integrity of the Ming Great Wall and to the safety of the cultural relics".

Visibility from space

Various factoids in popular culture claim that the Great Wall can be seen (with the naked eye) from space, with questionable degrees of veracity.

From the Moon

The Great Wall of China cannot be seen by the naked human eye from the Moon. Even though the myth is thoroughly debunked, it is still ingrained in popular culture. The apparent width of the Great Wall from the Moon would be the same as that of a human hair viewed from 3 km (2 mi) away.

One of the earliest known references to the myth that the Great Wall can be seen from the moon appears in a letter written in 1754 by the English antiquary William Stukeley. Stukeley wrote that, "This mighty wall [ Hadrian's wall] of four score miles [130 km] in length is only exceeded by the Chinese Wall, which makes a considerable figure upon the terrestrial globe, and may be discerned at the Moon." The claim was also mentioned by Henry Norman in 1895 where he states "besides its age it enjoys the reputation of being the only work of human hands on the globe visible from the Moon." The issue of "canals" on Mars was prominent in the late 19th century and may have led to the belief that long, thin objects were visible from space. The claim that the Great Wall is visible from the moon also appears in 1932's Ripley's Believe It or Not! strip.

From low Earth orbit

Identical satellite images of a section of the Great Wall in northern Shanxi, running diagonally from lower left to upper right and not to be confused with the more prominent river running from upper left to lower right. In the image on the right, the Great Wall has been outlined in red. The region pictured is 12 km × 12 km (7 mi × 7 mi).

A more controversial question is whether the wall is visible from low Earth orbit (an altitude of as little as 160 km (100 mi)). NASA claims that it is barely visible, and only under nearly perfect conditions; it is no more conspicuous than many other human-made objects.

Veteran US astronaut Gene Cernan has stated: "At Earth orbit of 100 to 200 miles [160 to 320 km] high, the Great Wall of China is, indeed, visible to the naked eye." Ed Lu, Expedition 7 Science Officer aboard the International Space Station, adds that, "It's less visible than a lot of other objects. And you have to know where to look."

In October 2003, Chinese astronaut Yang Liwei stated that he had not been able to see the Great Wall of China. In response, the European Space Agency (ESA) issued a press release reporting that from an orbit between 160 and 320 km (100 and 200 mi), the Great Wall is visible to the naked eye. The image was actually a river in Beijing.

Leroy Chiao, a Chinese-American astronaut, took a photograph from the International Space Station that shows the wall. It was so indistinct that the photographer was not certain he had actually captured it. Based on the photograph, the China Daily later reported that the Great Wall can be seen from 'space' with the naked eye, under favorable viewing conditions, if one knows exactly where to look.

1. ^ "China's Great Wall Found To Measure More Than 20,000 Kilometers". Bloomberg. June 5, 2012.

2. ^ "China's Great Wall is 'longer than previously thought'". BBC News. June 6, 2012. Archived from the original on December 5, 2021.

3. ^ [Protection Report of the Great Wall of China]. National Cultural Heritage Administration.

4. ^ The New York Times with introduction by Sam Tanenhaus (2011). The New York Times Guide to Essential Knowledge: A Desk Reference for the Curious Mind. St. Martin's Press of Macmillan Publishers. p. 1131. ISBN 978-0-312-64302-7. Beginning as separate sections of fortification around the 7th century B.C.E and unified during the Qin Dynasty in the 3rd century B.C.E, this wall, built of earth and rubble with a facing of brick or stone, runs from east to west across China for over 4,000 miles.

5. ^ "Great Wall of China". Encyclopædia Britannica. Large parts of the fortification system date from the 7th through the 4th century BC. In the 3rd century BC Shihuangdi (Qin Shi Huang), the first emperor of a united China (under the Qin dynasty), connected a number of existing defensive walls into a single system. Traditionally, the eastern terminus of the wall was considered to be Shanhai Pass (Shanhaiguan) on the coast of the Bohai (Gulf of Zhili), and the wall's length - without its branches and other secondary sections - was thought to extend for some 6,690 km (4,160 mi).

6. ^ Shelach-Lavi, Gideon; Wachtel, Ido; Golan, Dan; Batzorig, Otgonjargal; Amartuvshin, Chunag; Ellenblum, Ronnie; Honeychurch, William (June 2020). "Medieval long-wall construction on the Mongolian Steppe during the eleventh to thirteenth centuries AD". Antiquity. 94 (375): 724-741. doi:10.15184/aqy.2020.51. ISSN 0003-598X.

7. ^ "Great Wall of China even longer than previously thought". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. June 6, 2012.

8. ^ Baxter, William H. & al. (September 20, 2014). "Baxter-Sagart Old Chinese Reconstruction, Version 1.1" (PDF). Ann Arbor: University of Michigan.

9. ^ Byron R. Winborn (1994). Wen Bon: a Naval Air Intelligence Officer behind Japanese lines in China. University of North Texas Press. p. 63. ISBN 978-0-929398-77-8.

10. Lindesay, William (2007). The Great Wall Revisited: From the Jade Gate to Old Dragon's Head. Beijing: Wuzhou Publishing. p. 21. ISBN 978-7-5085-1032-3.

11. ^ Man, John (2008). "6. WALL-HUNT IN THE GOBI". The Great Wall: The extraordinary history of China's wonder of the world. TRANSWORLD PUBLISHERS LTD. pp. 132-148. ISBN 9780553817683.

12. ^ Burbank, Jane; Cooper, Frederick (2010). Empires in World History: Power and the Politics of Difference. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p. 45.

13. ^ Coonan, Clifford (February 27, 2012). "British researcher discovers piece of Great Wall 'marooned outside China'". The Irish Times.

14. ^ "Great Wall at Mutianyu". Great Wall of China. Archived from the original on March 9, 2013.

15. Elliott, Mark C. "The Limits of Tartary: Manchuria in Imperial and National Geographies". ^ Journal of Asian Studies 59, no. 3 (2000): 603-646.

16. ^ "Part of the Great Wall of China". The Wesleyan Juvenile Offering: A Miscellany of Missionary Information for Young Persons. X: 41. April 1853.

17. ^ Ruysbroek, Willem van (1900) [1255]. The Journey of William of Rubruck to the Eastern Parts of the World, 1253-55, as Narrated by Himself, with Two Accounts of the Earlier Journey of John of Pian de Carpine. Translated from the Latin by William Woodville Rockhill. London: The Hakluyt Society.

18. , XVIII: "The Cave". English translations hosted at ^ Wikisource include Maulana Muhammad Ali's, E.H. Palmer's, and the Progressive Muslims Organization's.

19. ^ Barros, João de (1777) [1563]. Ásia de João de Barros: Dos feitos que os portugueses fizeram no descobrimento dos mares e terras do Oriente. Vol. V. Lisbon: Lisboa. 3a Década, pp. 186-204 (originally Vol. II, Ch. vii).

20. ^ Lach, Donald F (1965). Asia in the Making of Europe. Vol. I. The University of Chicago Press. p. 769.

21. "Great Wall of China 'even longer'". BBC. April 20, 2009.

22. ^ "Jiaoshan Great Wall". TravelChinaGuide.com. Jiaoshan Great Wall is located about 3 km (2 mi) from Shanhaiguan ancient city. It is named after Jiaoshan Mountain, which is the highest peak to the north of Shanhai Pass and also the first mountain the Great Wall climbs up after Shanhai Pass. Therefore Jiaoshan Mountain is noted as "The first mountain of the Great Wall".

23. ^ "Newly-discovered remains redraw path of Great Wall". China Daily. April 15, 2015. Archived from the original on April 18, 2015.

24. ^ Nanos, Janelle (November 12, 2010). "Slide Down the Great Wall of China". National Geographic. [...] (in fact, there have been no bones, human or otherwise, found in the Wall, though a great number of workers did die while toiling to build it).

25. ^ Horsford, Simon (February 17, 2017). "Five myths about the Great Wall of China". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on February 20, 2017. No bones or indeed other indication of human remains have been found in the Wall.

26. ^ Bruce G. Doar: The Great Wall of China: Tangible, Intangible and Destructible. China Heritage Newsletter, China Heritage Project, Australian National University

27. ^ "China's Great Wall damaged by workers looking for shortcut". September 5, 2023 - via www.bbc.co.uk.

28. ^ Urban Legends.com website Archived March 3, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. Accessed May 12, 2010.
"Can you see the Great Wall of China from the moon or outer space? Archived May 11, 2013, at the Wayback Machine", Answers.com. Accessed May 12, 2010.
Cecil Adams, "Is the Great wall of China the only manmade object byou can see from space?", The Straight Dope. Accessed May 12, 2010.
Snopes, "Great wall from space", last updated July 21, 2007. Accessed May 12, 2010.
"Is China's Great Wall Visible from Space?", Scientific American, February 21, 2008. "... the wall is only visible from low orbit under a specific set of weather and lighting conditions. And many other structures that are less spectacular from an earthly vantage point-desert roads, for example-appear more prominent from an orbital perspective."

29. "Metro Tescos", (London), April 26, 2010. Found at ^ The Times website. Accessed May 12, 2010.

30. ^ The Family Memoirs of the Rev. William Stukeley (1887) Vol. 3, p. 142. (1754).

31. Norman, Henry, ^ The Peoples and Politics of the Far East, p. 215. (1895).

References

Hessler, Peter (2007). "Letter from China: Walking the Wall". The New Yorker. No. May 21, 2007. pp. 58-67.

Karnow, Catherine; Mooney, Paul (2008). National Geographic Traveler: Beijing. National Geographic Books. p. 192. ISBN 978-1-4262-0231-5.

López-Gil, Norberto (2008). "Is it Really Possible to See the Great Wall of China from Space with a Naked Eye?" (PDF). Journal of Optometry. 1 (1): 3-4. doi:10.3921/joptom.2008.3. PMC . Archived from the original (PDF) on September 10, 2008.

Slavicek, Louise Chipley; Mitchell, George J.; Matray, James I. (2005). The Great Wall of China. Infobase Publishing. p. 35. ISBN 978-0-7910-8019-1.

Szabó, József; Dávid, Lóránt; Loczy, Denes, eds. (2010). Anthropogenic Geomorphology: A Guide to Man-made Landforms. Springer. ISBN 978-90-481-3057-3.

Waldron, Arthur (1983). "The Problem of The Great Wall of China". Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies. 43 (2): 643-663. doi:10.2307/2719110. JSTOR 2719110.

Waldron, Arthur (1988). "The Great Wall Myth: Its Origins and Role in Modern China". The Yale Journal of Criticism. 2 (1): 67-104.

Waldron, Arthur (1990). The Great Wall of China: from history to myth. Cambridge England New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-42707-4.

Yule, Sir Henry, ed. (1866). Cathay and the way thither: being a collection of medieval notices of China. Issues 36-37 of Works issued by the Hakluyt Society. Printed for the Hakluyt society.

Further reading

Arnold, H. J. P., "The Great Wall: Is It or Isn't It?" Astronomy Now, 1995.

Beckwith, Christopher I. (2009): Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-13589-2.

Luo, Zewen, et al. and Baker, David, ed. (1981). The Great Wall. Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill Book Company (UK). ISBN 0-07-070745-6

Michaud, Roland and Sabrina (photographers), & Michel Jan, The Great Wall of China. Abbeville Press, 2001. ISBN 0-7892-0736-2

Schafer, Edward H. (1985). The Golden Peaches of Samarkand. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-05462-2.

External links

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The Great Wall of China ( traditional Chinese: 萬里長城; simplified Chinese: 万里长城; pinyin: Wànlǐ Chángchéng , literally "ten thousand li long wall") is a series of fortifications that were built across the historical northern borders of ancient Chinese states and Imperial China as protection against various nomadic groups from the Eurasian Steppe.

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Unit 4 lesson 4- Postmodern Architecture

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Unit 4 lesson 4- Postmodern Architecture

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Design a building in post modern architecture style- Bold colors, simple geometric shapes, and simple materials. You could also design a tree house.

Draw a picture of your building design. You are welcome to use Minecraft for this if you have access.

Don't forget to send in your critique worksheet.

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Create a mixed media work of art (combining two different materials) about your interests or hobbies.

This could be a poster, a sculpture, a movie you created. No AI folks.

This has to be a complete you original creation.

Take a photo of your work and don't forget your worksheet.

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1-Food Art, 2-Computer Cinch Cables, 3- Cardboard, 4- Books

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Non traditional art portfolio-

Create a work of art out of any materials you have lying around your home (Candy, food, clothing, environmental materials (grass, twigs, snow, etc)

This should not be made of paint, clay, or just be a sketch.

Yes, you are going to document the process from idea (could be a sketch) to completion (non traditional materials creation). Take photos of the process as you make it, not every idea works out the way we want to but, it is fun.

You will need photos of your process, your final creation, your sketch and of course, your worksheet.

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Click the image to access the presentation.

https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/119KX9sZaq4-4__97nmO5OjEECY8UD_MfOCdPy5ftDqE/edit?usp=sharing

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1- Cheetos as sculpture.

2- The Sculpture on the tower is soap.

3- Seashells to make an orca.

4- Peanut butter and jelly as a drawing tool

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Art Career Portfolio-

Must be a visual art career: game design, photographer (journalist, wedding photographer, sports photographer), designer (product design, car designer, fashion design, inventor), architect, public space designer, art teacher, art therapist, Film maker, animator.

Make sure you have research about the career and an example of that career which could be a presentation, a poster, an example of work you created.

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Unit 5 L 5 Art of your generation Mood Board

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Unit 5 L 5 Art of your generation Mood Board

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What are your hobbies?

What are your dreams for your future?

Create a work of art that is about what you envision for your future.

You can use any materials you want except for AI.

This must be your original work and you need your critique worksheet.