# data[].attributes.headline
1. How much air pollution was there?  Where did it come from?

# data[].attributes.subject
1. How much air pollution was there?  Where did it come from?

# data[].attributes.body
There was heavy air pollution, enough to cause British royals to leave to go to other residences. The pollution was caused by both burning wood and coal but mainly coal which had been imported from Asia.

# data[].attributes.headline
2. How much water pollution was there?  Where did it come from?

# data[].attributes.subject
2. How much water pollution was there?  Where did it come from?

# data[].attributes.body
There was a large amount of water pollution which occurred as a result of sewage and garbage being thrown into rivers. The pollution was mainly confined to rivers running through cities because the large populations of people had become indifferent to filth and garbage in the rivers.

# data[].attributes.headline
3. How did humans get most of the energy they needed to survive?

# data[].attributes.subject
3. How did humans get most of the energy they needed to survive?

# data[].attributes.body
Humans got most of the energy they needed to survive by burning wood and later on, coal.

# data[].attributes.headline
4. Was conservation being practiced anywhere in the world?  How?

# data[].attributes.subject
4. Was conservation being practiced anywhere in the world?  How?

# data[].attributes.body
Conservation was being practiced in the world. There are several examples but one of them occurred when English King William established a hunting preserve at a place called the Big Forest. This preservation act led to the forest not being cut down.

# data[].attributes.body
In the Roman Empire, lead poisoning was a problem because lead sweetener was used to sweeten wine, leading to the direct consumption of this toxic substance. Many people who were affected by lead poisoning experienced gout, sterility, insanity.

# data[].attributes.body
There was a large amount of water pollution which occurred as a result of sewage and garbage being carelessly released into rivers. The pollution was mainly confined to rivers running through cities because the large populations of people had gotten used to dumping filth and sewage in the rivers.

# data[].attributes.headline
7. How much wood was being harvested?  What effects was this having?

# data[].attributes.subject
7. How much wood was being harvested?  What effects was this having?

# data[].attributes.body
Lots of wood was being harvested but the amount being used to burn was going down because people started using coal instead. Wood was becoming used for other purposes such as for Naval uses. This harvesting of wood led to deforestation.

# data[].attributes.headline
8. In what ways was disease affecting the world?

# data[].attributes.subject
8. In what ways was disease affecting the world?

# data[].attributes.body
Disease was becoming more understood in Europe, however it was also being introduced to North America where it wiped out large portions of the native American population.

# data[].attributes.headline
9.What causes did people begin to take up to improve the world?

# data[].attributes.subject
9.What causes did people begin to take up to improve the world?

# data[].attributes.body
One example of this is in Japan when the shogun in 1666 encouraged people to plant more trees because he had learned that deforestation could lead to erosion, stream siltation and flooding. His advocacy for planting trees led to woodland management in Japan.

# data[].attributes.body
Thomas Malthus predicted that as populations grew, food and resources would eventually run out. Other views that he had were that humans were capable of overpopulating, similar to other organisms.

# data[].attributes.headline
11. Give examples of new pollution affecting the world.

# data[].attributes.subject
11. Give examples of new pollution affecting the world.

# data[].attributes.body
During this period traces of lead were found in alcohol, causing stomach issues. Smoke was heavily prevalent in Europe due to new tools/inventions as well. Though these were originally a part of the ecosystem, deforestation led mud/soil to mix in with once clean water.

# data[].attributes.headline
12. Why did sanitation become so important?

# data[].attributes.subject
12. Why did sanitation become so important?

# data[].attributes.body
Sanitation became very important because it was essential in limiting the rate at which diseases spread. Being able to create sewage systems and garbage disposal, health inspections, etc. allowed for the prevention of cholera/smallpox from spreading rapidly.

# data[].attributes.body
Air pollution was very severe, as there was a lot of smoke in most of the urban areas. The factories created during the Industrial Revolution produced a lot of smog/smoke, leading to dangers of the lungs and other respiratory systems.

# data[].attributes.headline
14. How was the water pollution at this time?

# data[].attributes.subject
14. How was the water pollution at this time?

# data[].attributes.body
The water was contaminated with several diseases- before a sewage system was built, diseases spread very quickly to different households. Illnesses like cholera, smallpox, yellow fever, etc. spread significantly. Even after a sewage system was created, diseases were still present in the water passageways.

# data[].attributes.headline
15. What happened when the "Mother of Forests" was cut down?

# data[].attributes.subject
15. What happened when the "Mother of Forests" was cut down?

# data[].attributes.body
When the forests were cut down, the flooding that had been blocked to an extent by the forests/greenery began to flow with ease. Water that had been clear became muddy, and the ecosystems surrounding the forests became disturbed.

# data[].attributes.headline
16. What kinds of reforms were occurring?

# data[].attributes.subject
16. What kinds of reforms were occurring?

# data[].attributes.body
The General Federation of Women's Clubs took part in trying to improve the ecology and worked to promote better water management, cheaper transportation, etc. The Forest Reserve Act was also passed, setting aside 17.5 million acres. Programs to cleanse cities of snow, dirt, pollution, were also put in place.

# data[].attributes.headline
17. What did Theodore Roosevelt fight for?

# data[].attributes.subject
17. What did Theodore Roosevelt fight for?

# data[].attributes.body
Roosevelt persevered to preserve environments and to protect wildlife. He called for forests to be protected. In his effort to protect wildlife, he supported principles that limited the hunting of animals. He supported groups like the American Bison Society.

# data[].attributes.body
Groups like the Sierra Club, the National Bird Preserve, the U.S. Forest Service, and the National Audubon Society were all created during this time. They all worked to play a part in promoting environmentalism and taking care of wildlife/plants.

# data[].attributes.headline
19. What was the purpose of the National Coast Anti-Pollution League?

# data[].attributes.subject
19. What was the purpose of the National Coast Anti-Pollution League?

# data[].attributes.body
19. The purpose of the National Coast Anti-Pollution League was to stop oil dumping.

# data[].attributes.headline
20. What type of gasoline was used for the first autos?

# data[].attributes.subject
20. What type of gasoline was used for the first autos?

# data[].attributes.body
The first autos were powered by gasoline containing tetraethyl lead, which was a harmful additive but continued to be sold for another 14 months.

# data[].attributes.headline
21. What was the chemurgy movement fighting for?

# data[].attributes.subject
21. What was the chemurgy movement fighting for?

# data[].attributes.body
During the Great Depression, the chemurgy movement fought to use agricultural raw materials for industrial purposes.

# data[].attributes.headline
22. What lead people to believe there was a air pollution crisis?

# data[].attributes.subject
22. What lead people to believe there was a air pollution crisis?

# data[].attributes.body
People began to get concerned about more smog reports in cities. It wasn't until the night of October 30, 1948, that 20 people died, 600 were hospitalized, and thousands became ill as a result of a four-day inversion that trapped smoke beneath a layer of cold air. Cars were unable to start due to the severe lack of oxygen, and doctors and nurses were dispatched to each home to provide oxygen and adrenaline shots.

# data[].attributes.body
The "burning river" was the Cuyahoga River, which had become contaminated with oil and chemicals and had caught on fire twice. The second fire, in 1969, sparks a new environmental movement and fuels support for the Clean Water Act.

# data[].attributes.headline
24. What is the name of Rachel Carson’s book that started modern environmentalism?

# data[].attributes.subject
24. What is the name of Rachel Carson’s book that started modern environmentalism?

# data[].attributes.body
The name of Rachel Carson's book that started modern environmentalism was called Silent Spring.

# data[].attributes.body
The Environmental Protection Agency is founded by President Richard Nixon. This new EPA combined 15 key federal programs and began operation on December 10, 1970.

# data[].attributes.body
The Clean Air Act is passed in 1970, setting a six-year deadline for the automobile industry to develop a 90% pollution-free engine to lower the levels of pollutants.

# data[].attributes.body
Congress passes the Federal Water Pollution Control Act in 1972 and the Safe Drinking Water Act in 1974 to ensure that the nation's water is in good maintenance.

# data[].attributes.headline
28. What two sources of pollution begin to cause concern?

# data[].attributes.subject
28. What two sources of pollution begin to cause concern?

# data[].attributes.body
Chemical spills and gas explosions were two new sources of pollution. 1976 Gas explosions in Milan created a gas cloud so dangerous that it killed all the animals in a 170 acre area over the course of two weeks. This event increased the number of people in the air. Chemical spills introduced leaded gasoline into the water, causing an increase in population and potentially fatal health issues.

# data[].attributes.headline
29. What major disasters happened during this time?

# data[].attributes.subject
29. What major disasters happened during this time?

# data[].attributes.body
On May 21, 1980, President Jimmy Carter announced the relocation of the Love Canal after Hooker Chemical Company exposed 700 families in Niagara Falls, New York to toxic waste. Superfund provided the EPA with an initial 1.6 billion budget to spend on waste cleanup. In 1986, the figure had risen to $9 billion. The event was dubbed the "Greatest Source of Atmospheric Pollution" by the National Academy of Sciences.

# data[].attributes.headline
30. What two major issues involving the Earth’s atmosphere arise?

# data[].attributes.subject
30. What two major issues involving the Earth’s atmosphere arise?

# data[].attributes.body
There were large amounts of chlorine monoxide found in the stratosphere, and it was discovered that the ozone layer was being threatened and could be depleted very rapidly. Ozone over countries like the United States and Canada were in particular danger.

# data[].attributes.headline
31. How did the Gulf War create pollution?

# data[].attributes.subject
31. How did the Gulf War create pollution?

# data[].attributes.body
The Gulf War between the United States and Iraq resulted in devastating environmental disasters. During the 1991 oil fire disaster in Kuwait, six and a half million gallons of oil were burned daily. Massive oil spills and depleted uranium bullets amplified already-existing environmental and health issues, such as increased asthma and childhood cancer.

# data[].attributes.headline
32. What does China construct that causes much controversy?

# data[].attributes.subject
32. What does China construct that causes much controversy?

# data[].attributes.body
The construction of the Three Georges Dam, the world's largest dam, sparked a lot of controversy in China. Construction began in 1994. Protests erupted in response to the relocation of one million civilians.

# data[].attributes.headline
33. What final act did President Clinton sign?

# data[].attributes.subject
33. What final act did President Clinton sign?

# data[].attributes.body
President Clinton's final act was a budget plan that increased health-care spending in 2001. The plan included a multibillion-dollar effort to provide health care coverage to low-income children, seniors, people with disabilities, and those leaving welfare for work. It also expanded preventive services for Medicare beneficiaries, such as cancer and glaucoma screenings.

# data[].attributes.headline
34. How did the Bush presidency handle global warming and climate change

# data[].attributes.subject
34. How did the Bush presidency handle global warming and climate change

# data[].attributes.body
The Bush administration avoided global warming and climate change. Bush Energy Plan prioritized oil exploration as well as new coal and nuclear power plant construction.

# data[].attributes.headline
35. How did the world react to leaded gasoline

# data[].attributes.subject
35. How did the world react to leaded gasoline

# data[].attributes.body
The world hated leaded gasoline. The Clean Air Act of 1996 prohibited the use of leaded gasoline in new vehicles. Leaded gasoline was declared a public hazard by the European Union in 2000. Exxon was sued for $236 million in 2013 by the state of New Hampshire over an MTBE-leaded gasoline oil spill.