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Commander Sunita Williams inside the ISS

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1. ÉDITEUR DU SITE

Vous êtes actuellement connecté au site " e-didier.fr " (ci-après " le Site ").
Le site est édité par la société Editions Didier, S.N.C au capital de 3 404 000 euros, enregistrée au Registre du Commerce et des Sociétés de Paris sous le numéro RC Paris B 313042541

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Madame Véronique HUBLOT-PIERRE

3. HÉBERGEMENT DU SITE

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4. ILLUSTRATIONS

Hanss/Adobe Stock

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Vous êtes actuellement connecté au site " e-didier.fr " (ci-après " le Site ").Le site est édité par la société Editions Didier, S.N.C au capital de 3 404 000 euros, enregistrée au Registre du Commerce et des Sociétés de Paris sous le numéro RC Paris B 313042541 Siège social :

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Remembering our home planet

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What does living in space do to your body?

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What does living in space do to your body?

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What living in space

does to your body

A spotlight on the physical effects of living in space and time required
for recovery from its negative impact.

On June 18, three ISS astronauts are completing their six-month mission in low orbit and returning to Earth. As the ISS Expedition 47 is terminating, Al Jazeera breaks down the physical effects of living in space on human bodies.

Each individual body part suffers from the conditions in space to varying degrees. As the duration of stay increases, the damage becomes more difficult to completely erase.

Some negative effects of living in space disappear as soon as an astronaut lands on Earth. But depending on the time spent in space, it becomes more difficult to recover from long-term consequences.

STATE OF ASTRONAUT HEALTH

Three months

after arrival

Six months (and more)

after arrival

Upon landing on Earth, astronauts' spines begin contracting instantaneously with gravity and they return to normal height pretty quickly. Their blood pressure also normalises in a few days. Excess flatulence is no longer an issue.

Disorientation and balancing issues, as well as motion sickness symptoms, disappear. Astronauts' sleep is back to normal, and usually they start sleeping two more hours than normally in space.

The immune system recovers greatly, the risk of sickness owing to space-weakened immunity decreases and functional characteristics are back to normal. The production rate of red blood cells is within the norms again. One fifth of the body fluid lost during the spaceflight is regained, along with the volume of blood.

The muscle reformation is almost complete and near the levels of pre-spaceflight.

The immediate problems related to eyesight, especially proneness to cataracts is over. Skin redevelopment is complete and their body mass is back to the levels on Earth.

Spending six months in space is brutal on human bodies. The effects of skeletal deformation last for years, and it takes three to four years to regain lost bone density. The risk of bone fractures will remain high for the rest of the astronauts' lives. Although the ISS is being protected by Earth's magnetosphere, which greatly shields the astronauts from fatal galactic rays, the exposure to radiation is still too high. The trio will be susceptible to increased risk of cancer, central nervous system effects and degenerative diseases for years, if not a lifetime.

The ISS is crewed with six people for most of the year. A round of three
astronauts and cosmonauts arrive in the space station every six months with an overlap of three months to work together with the previous trio.

TOTAL HOURS OF SPACEWALK

TOTAL HOURS OF SPACEWALK

TOTAL HOURS OF SPACEWALK

As Timothy Kopra, Tim Peake and Yuri Malenchenko of Expedition 47 complete their mission on June 18, the remaining trio of Aleksey Ovchinin, Oleg Skripochka and Jeffrey Williams will assume the Expedition 48, and they are to be joined by another round of astronauts and cosmonauts on July 7.

Aleksey Ovchinin

Russian cosmonaut

Expedition 47-48

SERVING TIME IN SPACE

170*

days

TOTAL TIME IN SPACE

170

days

TOTAL HOURS OF SPACEWALK

-

TOTAL HOURS OF SPACEWALK

Oleg Skripochka

Russian cosmonaut

Expedition 47-48

SERVING TIME IN SPACE

170*

days

TOTAL TIME IN SPACE

329

days

TOTAL HOURS OF SPACEWALK

MOST TIME IN SPACE

IN A SINGLE ENTRY

MOST CUMULATIVE TIME IN SPACE

According to conservative estimates, the first human expedition mission to Mars is expected to take place by the mid-2030s. With the current space technology, a one-way trip to Mars would take about five to six months, which is more than double that on a round trip. NASA estimates that a mission to Mars would take about 30 months in total.

While the average time spent for an astronaut in the ISS is about six months, Russian cosmonauts are record holders at living in space for the longest period uninterrupted, and for spending most days in space on a cumulative scale.

Valeri Polyakov spent 437 days in low orbit between January 1994 and March 1995 when he was serving on the now-defunct Russian space station MIR. He was a part of the experiment to assess the long-term physiological and psychological effects of living in microgravity for a prolonged period of time. The findings were used to assess the potential challenges for manned missions to Mars.

Gennady Padalka, another Russian cosmonaut, is the record holder for spending the most time in space with 879 days over five missions. He served on the MIR and the ISS.

In 2015, the United States and Russia launched a research programme called One-Year Mission to assess the feasibility of a mission to Mars and beyond. American astronaut Scott Kelly and Russian cosmonaut Mikhail Kornienko spent almost a year in the ISS and successfully returned to Earth after spending 340 days in space.

between January 9, 1994 - March 22, 1995

between August 13, 1998 - August 28, 1999

between December 21, 1987 - December 21, 1998

Vladimir Titov,

Musa Manarov

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What does living in space do to your body

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What living in space does to your body A spotlight on the physical effects of living in space and time required for recovery from its negative impact. On June 18, three ISS astronauts are completing their six-month mission in low orbit and returning to Earth.