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                                                                                                  Shakespeare

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                                                                                                  Shakespeare

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Impacts
-cultural difference between Italy and United Kingdom
-close enough Shakespeare could travel to Italy and write about his experiences and integrate the culture he could see into his plays and sonnets

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Italy
Unlike England, entertainment revolved around the people's great appreciation for the arts, than the need to escape everyday life. In fact, Italy was a great tourist attraction, bringing in people from all over to experience all it had to offer.
-poetry
-carnivals/fairs
-plays
-music
-arts
-sporting events
-games

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England
Most leisure activities were seen as a way to distracted people from their tiring lives and the devastation of disease.
-dancing (and singing at the local pub)
-drinking
-plays
-chess
-checkers
-tenis
-dinner parties
-reading
-local sports competitions

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                               Italian Art and Architecture during the 13th Century 

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                               Italian Art and Architecture during the 13th Century 

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Italy
The beginning years of the 13th century is marked by a powerful oligarchy, where a small group of people control the country. In line with the oligarchy, each region of Italy appointed a nobleman to sun the affairs associated only with that region. The second half of the 13th century, however, placed the power in the hands of one man, who kept this power within his own family. In both stages, Italy had a nearly democratic regional government in that regional leaders were voted, not appointed, and only served up to a year.

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                                              Queen Elizabeth I

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                                              Queen Elizabeth I

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England
There were two tiers of government; national (more central) and regional (sub sections of the nation). At the national level, the Monarch, Privy Council, and the Parliament stood. These three worked together to rule the country, create laws, and establish peace. The Privy Council, along with the Council of the North and the Council of Marches, made up the administrative body in England. These councils made up the queen's administrative body. They were in charge of advising the queen, as well as a great deal of other matters including: overseeing governmental, military, economic, and welfare (of the people) matters. The Parliament was made up of a upper and lower house whose main job was to pass laws (though the queen could override) and grant the queen funding when necessary. Unlike today, the Monarch (Elizabeth I) contained true power. Thought he had counselors and advisers, Queen Elizabeth I was responsible for making huge decisions all on her own. She oversaw the Parliament and the councils, made laws, chose the very religion of her country, declare war, and finally, impact the very lives of her citizens in what they could eat, wear, etc. As for the more local governmental groups, the nobility and gentry contained the power. The nobility and gentry owned land, which at the time, meant they had substantial power and authority. They were responsible for aiding the monarch in governing lands and instituting education and religious affairs in their community. Finally, the courts of the land settled (there were multiple) disputes both great and small between the people of the country in their separate regions.

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Italy
Unlike Europe,  those in Italy had the freedom to choose their own clothing, which is why there was so much diversity seen amongst the people. Though one might be able to pick up on social standing based on the clothing people wear, it was must less strict and blatant to the public eye than in Europe during Elizabethan.

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Italy
Women:
Women had the freedom to wear various styles of clothing, as this was a very transitional era in fashion.
-dresses of various styles (fitted and loose) and designs were thick and heavy; made of velvets and patterned silks

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Italy
Men:
Most attire followed the same general construction of broad and wide clothing at the shoulders and tight-fitted clothing from the waist down. This gave the appearance of an open chest and a sense of greatness; proving power and dominance.
-a few fur items "here and there" was also a sign of wealth and a trend at the time
-long coats

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England Dress: http://www.elizabethan-era.org.uk/elizabethan-clothing.htm
Italy Dress: http://world4.eu/italian-14th-century-clothing/#Women8217s_Dress
England Govt: https://www.elizabethi.org/contents/power/
Italy Govt: http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?gtrack=pthc&ParagraphID=eom#eom
England Entertainment: http://www.shakespeare-online.com/faq/entertainment.html
Italy Entertainment: https://www.bl.uk/shakespeare/articles/shakespeare-and-italy
Geography: https://www.google.com/search?rlz=1CADEAF_enUS763US763&biw=1366&bih=629&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=gZtkWtznIYuksAX1yaagDA&q=Europe+and+italy+map&oq=Europe+and+italy+map&gs_l=psy-ab.3..0i8i30k1.45806.45806.0.46159.1.1.0.0.0.0.151.151.0j1.1.0....0...1c.1.64.psy-ab..0.1.149....0.5l6Rrh367Y4&safe=active&ssui=on#imgrc=DU-pGhgKbJfRyM:

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England
The interesting part, however, was that London, at the time, was under a strict dress code. The Elizabethan Sumptuary laws dictated what style and materials were worn by the people. The intentions of these laws were to establish a strict and very much apparent social class divide. With one glance, it was clear who was "more important" or a "greater influence" in society, based simply on what was worn based on the enforced dress code. Punishments for the disregard to these laws could be anything from fines to loss of title, and in some cases, loss of life. Effects of these laws meant discrimination against those in the lower classes of society.

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England
Men:
-doublets (snug-fitting jacket)
-breeches (short trousers generally worn when riding a horse)
-collars
-ruffs (the collar seen in paintings)
-hats
-shoes
-belt
-cloak
-stockings

Both:
-often wore multiple layers of clothing

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England

Women:
-gowns
-hats
-corsets
-collars
-ruffs (the collar seen in paintings)
-shoes
-chemise (smock)
-Farthingale (hooped skirt)
-stockings
-petticoat
-stomacher (triangle fabric placed in the chest of a gown)
-forepart (outer-most layer of the bottom of a dress)
-kirtle (outer coat)
Both:
-often wore multiple layers of clothing