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Matter: any substance that has mass and occupies space

Elements:

-        a unique form of matter with specific chemical and physical properties that cannot be broken down into smaller substances by ordinary chemical reactions.

-        each element is designated by its chemical symbol, which is a single capital letter or, when the first letter is already “taken” by another element, a combination of two letters

Atom: the smallest unit of matter that retains all the chemical properties of an element.

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Contain protons, neutrons and electrons (except Hydrogen, which has no neutrons). Composed of two regions:

-        Nucleus – the centre of the atom and contains protons and neutrons

-        Outer region – holds electrons which orbit the nucleus

Protons and neutrons have the same mass. Protons are positively charged, while neutrons have no charge.

Electrons have such a small amount of mass that it is generally not counted, meaning that atomic mass is determined by the number of neutrons and protons. Electrons are negatively charged.

Most of the volume of an atom is empty space, but it is the repelling of negatively charged electrons that prevents atoms from just merging into or passing through each other.

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Atomic Number: the number of protons determines an element’s atomic number, and is used to distinguish one element from another. The number of electrons is the same as the number of protons.

Atomic Mass: atomic mass is calculated by adding the number of neutrons and protons.

(OPTIONAL) Isotopes are a result of the same element having a different number of neutrons.

MASS NUMBER – ATOMIC NUMBER = NUMBER OF NEUTRONS

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The organisation and display of all the different elements. Devised by Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev (1834-1907).

Properties of elements have been arranged in the table according to their atomic number. Arranged in rows and columns based on shared chemical and physical properties.

Differences in chemical reactivity based on the number and spatial distribution of an atom’s electrons.

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To be used as formative assessment.

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Basic instructions for micro-teaching activity