# data[].attributes.body
Adi, Humza, Ishika, Shamsa, Ravleen,

# data[].attributes.body
Ahaan, Sarah Yasir, sofia, Fares

# data[].attributes.body
photosynthesis is a process by which plants make food. The formula for photosynthesis is

# data[].attributes.body
There are three main factors that can limit the rate of photosynthesis: carbon dioxide concentration, temperature and light intensity.

# data[].attributes.headline
Ahmad Al Mehairi, Krish Sanklecha,Noah, Kareem

# data[].attributes.subject
Ahmad Al Mehairi, Krish Sanklecha,Noah, Kareem

# data[].attributes.body
Carbon dioxide is used to make sugar in the photosynthesis reaction. The concentration of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere varies between 0.03% and 0.04%. An increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide gives an increase in the rate of photosynthesis. When the carbon dioxide levels are too high the rate of photosynthesis quickly starts to decrease, this is because the stomata begins to shrink and it will stop the cooling process in the plant. Carbon dioxide is an important factor because it is one of the raw materials needed for photosynthesis along side with water.

# data[].attributes.body
light intensity is usually defined as the energy hitting an area over some time period. so in that case if a plant receives to much light intensity the rate of photosynthesis will eventually increase, however if the light intensity is too high the rate of photosynthesis will start declining due to other limiting factors affecting the growth of the plant this could be due to the amount of chlorophyll molecules that are absorbing the light or At a very high intensity of light, the rate of photosynthesis could drop drasically as the light starts to damage the plant. The plant begins to bleach out and will not be able to photosynthesis as the green pigment in the leaf begins to turn into a brown pigment.

# data[].attributes.body
Although the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis are not affected by changes in temperature, the light independent reactions of photosynthesis are dependent on temperature. When the temperature is too high the enzymes denature and loose their shape. This can affect the rate of photosynthesis.

# data[].attributes.body
It is a strand of conducting vessels in the stem or leaves of a plant, typically with phloem on the outside and xylem on the inside.

# data[].attributes.body
Whenever we think of photosynthesis, we think of the formula  CO2+H2O------> C6H12O6 with the condition of sunlight. However, sunlight is not always necessary as a condition for photosynthesis. Light independant reactions are reactions that require no sunlight, but instead usually require ATP . These reactions are also known as the calvin cycle or 'dark reactions'. These reactions occur in the fluid filled section of the chloroplasts, also known as 'Stroma'.

# data[].attributes.headline
They use it to react carbon dioxide with water to make a sugar called glucose. The glucose is used in respiration, or converted into starch and stored. Oxygen is produced as a by-product. This process is called photosynthesis.

# data[].attributes.subject
They use it to react carbon dioxide with water to make a sugar called glucose. The glucose is used in respiration, or converted into starch and stored. Oxygen is produced as a by-product. This process is called photosynthesis.

# data[].attributes.body
Cellulose is important in the human diet since we cannot break cellulose down, it passes through our systems basically unchanged, and it helps the movements of our intestines.

# data[].attributes.headline
1. Chlorophyll must be present in leaf cells, in the chloroplast for photosynthesis to occur. 2. Leaves must be exposed to light for photosynthesis to occur. 3. Plants need carbon dioxide to be able to photosynthesize. It also needs the perfect temperature to photosynthesize at a perfect rate, which is 10-20 degrees celsius or 50 to 60 degrees fahrenheit. Those are the main conditions for photosynthesis.

# data[].attributes.subject
1. Chlorophyll must be present in leaf cells, in the chloroplast for photosynthesis to occur. 2. Leaves must be exposed to light for photosynthesis to occur. 3. Plants need carbon dioxide to be able to photosynthesize. It also needs the perfect temperature to photosynthesize at a perfect rate, which is 10-20 degrees celsius or 50 to 60 degrees fahrenheit. Those are the main conditions for photosynthesis.

# data[].attributes.headline
Plant go through a constant cycle from there growth till there death

# data[].attributes.subject
Plant go through a constant cycle from there growth till there death

# data[].attributes.headline
In addition to these three elements, plants need a number of minerals for healthy growth. These are absorbed through the roots as mineral ions dissolved in the soil water. Two important mineral ions needed by plants are: nitrate - for making amino acids, which are needed to make proteins.

# data[].attributes.subject
In addition to these three elements, plants need a number of minerals for healthy growth. These are absorbed through the roots as mineral ions dissolved in the soil water. Two important mineral ions needed by plants are: nitrate - for making amino acids, which are needed to make proteins.

# data[].attributes.headline
Light Dependent Reaction/ Light Reaction Diagram

# data[].attributes.subject
Light Dependent Reaction/ Light Reaction Diagram

# data[].attributes.headline
Xylem and phloem tissues are found in groups called vascular bundles. The position of these bundles varies in different parts of the plant. In a leaf, for example, the phloem is usually found closer to the lower surface.

# data[].attributes.subject
Xylem and phloem tissues are found in groups called vascular bundles. The position of these bundles varies in different parts of the plant. In a leaf, for example, the phloem is usually found closer to the lower surface.

# data[].attributes.body
Root

Xylem vessels are tough and strong, so the vascular bundles are in the centre of the root to resist forces that could pull the plant out of the ground.

Stem

The stem has to resist compression (squashing) and bending forces caused by the plant’s weight and the wind. The vascular bundles are arranged near the edge of the stem, with the phloem on the outside and the xylem on the inside.

# data[].attributes.headline
Chloroplasts are what makes leaves green, and they are also what takes the carbon dioxide, the water, and the light, and turns them into sugar and oxygen. The sugar is then used by the plants for food, and the oxygen is breathed out into the atmosphere.

# data[].attributes.subject
Chloroplasts are what makes leaves green, and they are also what takes the carbon dioxide, the water, and the light, and turns them into sugar and oxygen. The sugar is then used by the plants for food, and the oxygen is breathed out into the atmosphere.

# data[].attributes.body
a. Forms taken up by plants

Cu⁺² can be absorbed through leaves. Very toxic if too much applied.

b. Functions in plants

- opper is a catalyst in chlorophyll formation

# data[].attributes.body
Oxygen is the air we breathe without we cannot live.

# data[].attributes.headline
 One product of photosynthesis is glucose (sugar), which provides the basis for most food chains. The second product of photosynthesis is oxygen which comes in handy if your happen to be an aerobic organism that requires oxygen for survival

# data[].attributes.subject
 One product of photosynthesis is glucose (sugar), which provides the basis for most food chains. The second product of photosynthesis is oxygen which comes in handy if your happen to be an aerobic organism that requires oxygen for survival

# data[].attributes.headline
Cellulose is the substance that makes up most of a plant's cell walls. Since it is made by all plants, it is probably the most rich organic compound on Earth. 

# data[].attributes.subject
Cellulose is the substance that makes up most of a plant's cell walls. Since it is made by all plants, it is probably the most rich organic compound on Earth. 

# data[].attributes.body
The raw materials of photosynthesis, water and carbon dioxide. water through its roots and carbon dioxide moves into the stomata by diffusion.

# data[].attributes.headline
Nitrogen is used in larger quantities than any other mineral nutrient- most frequently deficient for normal growth of non-legumes. Function in plants- It is part of the amino acids which make up proteins- It is part of the chlorophyll molecule

# data[].attributes.subject
Nitrogen is used in larger quantities than any other mineral nutrient- most frequently deficient for normal growth of non-legumes. Function in plants- It is part of the amino acids which make up proteins- It is part of the chlorophyll molecule

# data[].attributes.body
Adenosine triphosphate (or ATP for short),  is a complex organic chemical that participates in many processes. Found in all forms of life, ATP is often referred to as the "molecular unit of currency" of intracellular energy transfer. Think of it like this; ATP is a sort of rechargeable battery for all living organisms, in this case plants also. There are 3 phosphate groups in ATP, that is why it is 'TRI-phosphate'. When the plant requires energy, it removes 1 phosphate group, making it ADP (

Adenosine diphosphate). When the phosphate group is removed, there is a burst of energy released from the bond. Take the analogy; a electric wire. When a piece of it is removed, all the electricity (energy), is released. When this occurs, the plant can utilize this energy. However, it is not forever, and the energy stops at a certain point. To gain the energy back, you have to "recharge the battery". This is done by adding back a phosphate group to ADP to make it back into ATP.

# data[].attributes.headline
The storage form of glucose in plants is starch

# data[].attributes.subject
The storage form of glucose in plants is starch

# data[].attributes.body
Functions in plants

- a part of the protein molecule- necessary for transfer of energy during metabolic processes (ATP)- hastens maturity, promotes good root development, improves drouth and cold tolerance, improves seedling vigor, important in seed and fruit formation.

# data[].attributes.headline
What is Light Reaction (Light Dependent Reaction)

# data[].attributes.subject
What is Light Reaction (Light Dependent Reaction)

# data[].attributes.body
There are 2 types of Photosynthesis; Light Dependent Reaction and Light Independent Reaction.Light Dependent reaction or Light reaction is when the plant can only perform photosynthesis wile having sunlight, and in the absence i.e. night, it cannot perform photosynthesis anymore. To perform Light reaction photosynthesis, they need CO2, sunlight, and water. Temperature does not affect the rate of photosynthesis unless till extremities

# data[].attributes.body
Water moves through the xylem vessels in a continuous transpiration stream:

root → stem → leaf

# data[].attributes.body
But in order for these products to be produced sunlight is needed.

# data[].attributes.body
carbon dioxide + water | | glucose + oxygen

# data[].attributes.headline
Light dependent and independent reactions

# data[].attributes.subject
Light dependent and independent reactions

# data[].attributes.body
In simple terms, light dependent reaction needs light to take place. This reaction takes place in the chloroplasts of the plant cell. The product is ADP and a waste product of oxygen.

Now for the light independent reaction, it is when there is no need for light directly. But they need ATP (ADP from the light dependent reaction + phosphate) to produce glucose. So plants indirectly need light for the light independent reaction even though light independent is known not to need light for the process to take place.

To sum it up, the process of light dependent and light independent makes glucose.

# data[].attributes.body
Plants need a number of minerals for healthy growth. These are absorbed through the roots as mineral ions dissolved in the soil water. Plants have two transport systems to move food, water and minerals through their roots, stems and leaves. These systems use continuous tubes called xylem and phloem, and together they are known as vascular bundles.

# data[].attributes.body
The xylem and phloem transfer nutrients and water to the plant 💦

# data[].attributes.body
Root hair cells

The root hairs are where most water absorption happens. They are long and thin so they can penetrate between soil particles, and they have a large surface area for absorption of water.

# data[].attributes.body
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vuA21m0Z2HQ

# data[].attributes.body
Plants get there water from rain through their roots. Humans and animals release carbon dioxide and plants release oxygen.

# data[].attributes.body
Plants get carbon dioxide from the air through their leaves. The carbon dioxide diffuses through small holes in the underside of the leaf called stomata. A leaf usually has a large surface area, so that it can absorb a lot of light. Its top surface is protected from water loss, disease and weather damage by a waxy layer. Plants get the water they need for photosynthesis through their roots.