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They are gram-positive cocci shaped bacteria that are found in the human oral cavity. Streptococci mutans are responsible for breaking down sugar and are the leading cause of tooth decay

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Streptococcus mutans can be prevented from forming dental caries by performing proper oral hygiene twice a day and limiting the intake of refined sugars.

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Treatments vary based on severity of the cavity. In demineralization cases, (non-severe) it can be reversed with fluoride treatments. Once Streptococcus mutans has formed a cavity, a composite or amalgam filling has to be performed by a dentist. In the most extreme cases, a dentist will examine and perform a root canal, place a crown, or extract the tooth.

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Every person has Streptococcus mutans present in their mouth. It becomes a problem when people practice poor mouth hygiene and therefore develop build up of plaque and tartar. People who also eat excessive amounts of refined sugar, combined with poor hygiene are highly susceptible.

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Symptoms can include slightly discolored spots on enamel surface due to demineralization and sensitivity. Pain with exposure to hot/cold temperatures and sweet food or drinks can also be a symptom. In more severe cases, a person may experience bad breath, foul tastes, and gum disease.

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          Disease:                Dental Caries (cavities)

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          Disease:                Dental Caries (cavities)

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          Pathogen: Streptococcus mutans

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          Pathogen: Streptococcus mutans