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The leader was Joseph Smith. He was born on December 23, 1805 and he died on June 27,1844.

Their second leader was Brigham Young who was born on June 1,1801 and died on August 29,1877. He left the trek to Utah and set up stations along the trail.

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1. Mormonism was originated by Joseph Smith who was inspired by revivals he witnessed as a child in Western New York.
2. Mormons live in a knit-community and they attracted converts who were assured a pure community centered around Christ in the U.S.
3. Mormonism describes the documents of the Church that were restored through their Prophet Joseph Smith.

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1. Mormons traveled to different areas and they were successful in the Salt Lake Area where they created irrigation system, also known as the "Deseret."
2. Joseph Smith, their leader, was killed in a mob, because violence opposed the Mormons' practice of polygamy.
3. The Mormons went on a final trek to Utah led by Brigham Young who believed God would guide his flock.

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Horace Mann was the leader of the public school reform.
Mann was born on May 4, 1796 and he died on August 2, 1859.

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1. Public School reform was influenced by church movement and Jefferson's belief in the value of education.
2. Horace Mann led movements for statewide education including reforms and fathered normal schools for education and training of teachers.
3. Horace Mann preached it was the best interest to pay taxes for the support of school.

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1. Mann and other reformers were successful in their preaches because by 1860 public school movement had moved to the South.
2. Following the Revolution period, 50 institutions were created but not many survived.
3. However, lots of state colleges with technical college curricula were created like agricultural and mechanical colleges which eventually became Michigan State and Pennsylvania University.

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Dorothea Dix was the leader for the ill reform. Dix was born on April 4, 1802 and died on July 18,1887.

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1. Dorothea Dix witnessed the treatment of ill patients at a Sunday school in jail. Dix along with Samuel Gridley Howe and Charles Sumner worked together to change what was happening to innocent mentally ill people.
2. Dix wrote a petition that asked for hospital to cure the patients to Massachusetts Legislature. She believed it should be created on a foundation of kindness and respect.
3. She helped created the asylums which helped and reform mental patients.

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1. Dix's work helped move mentally ill patients move out of jails and into separate asylums.
2. Dix continued to improve the care of the mentally ill and after she worked on asylum reform, she put efforts into help prison reform.
3. Dix's movement that created asylums helped the creation of other institutions to care for mentally ill.

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1. The Temperance Movement began to solve America's drinking problem in by taking the pledge to stop alcohol consumption in the 1800s.

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1. Americans were drinking excessively after the American revolution because of economic and social problems.
2. First, Americans stopped drinking temperately but then by the 1820s the movement tried to make people stop drinking all together.
3. The movement passed laws prohibiting selling liquor in some states and the pledge to stop drinking became known as the "Cold Water Army."

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1. The temperance movement helped other reform movements work and succeed.
2. The movement helped individual grow morals and become a better person.
3. It overall helped other reformers believe in the absence of alcohol an help improve society.

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The American Antislavery Society was founded by abolitionists Theodore Weld, Arthur Tappan, and Lewis Tappan. Theodore Weld was born on November 23, 1803 and died February 3,1895. Arthur Tappan was born on May 22, 1786 and died July 23, 1865. Lewis Tappan was born in 1788 and died in 1873.

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1. The three abolitionists had local and state societies and with their Antislavery Society they hoped to convince white Northerners and Southerners that slavery was inhumane.
2. The society sent persuading speakers to have lecture that tried to convince people of the brutality of slavery.
3. The Anti-Slavery Society's leadership was then passed to William Lloyd Garrison.

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1. William Lloyd Garrison was the best vocal opposition against slavery and the society achieved more than 150,000 members.
2. However, the society split because people thought Garrison's views were too radical and they disagreed with Garrison's idea about the Constitution being an illegal document.
3. The American Anti-Slavery society also ended because other abolitionists disagreed that women were equals as them, since they were appointed by Garrison to speak.

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Robert Finley founded the American Colonization Society. Finley was born in 1772 and died on October 3, 1817.

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1. Robert Finley was a reverend who founded his society to help free black people in their emigration to Africa.
2. Finley believed the black people would never "fit" into American society and they would fulfill their self as human beings in the land of their fathers.
3. He thought his society's colonization was charity work and it would benefit blacks, and he thought it would help increase the move to end slavery.

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1. Finley created a constitution with members but the black colonization did not sit well with Philadelphia's blacks.
2. Philadelphians like Richard Allen and Absalom Jones rejected the colonization movement and became the opponents of the society.
3. The American Colonization Society worked with the U.S. government to establish the African colony and in total the U.S. emigrated 15,000 Africans to other countries.

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The Seneca Falls Convention was lead by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott. Elizabeth Cady Stanton was born on November 12, 1815 and died on October 26, 1902. Lucretia Mott was born on January 3, 1793 and died on November 11, 1880.

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1. Elizabeth Cady Stanton was frustrated at the Anti-Slavery conference because women were not allowed to speak.
2. Stanton then met Lucretia Mott who shared her same beliefs at the same convention in 1840.
3. Mott and Stanton were kicked from the convention floor and indignation for the foundation of women's right movement aroused in them.

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1. On July 19, 200 women came together at the Wesleyan Chapel, and Stanton read the "Declaration of Sentiments and Grievances" which proclaimed men and women were equal.
2. On the second day of the convention, men were invited and the Declaration of Grievances was adopted and signed by the assembly.
3. The Seneca Falls Convention helped grow the women's suffrage movement and the 19th Amendment of 1920 was adopted which allowed women to vote.