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What is good “seismic building code”?

Well designed, steel – reinforced concrete buildings

What materials should be used or avoided?

Strong, flexible and ductile material should be used like steel framing, which absorbs a lot of energy. Stiff and brittle like glass , flexible frames.

What is “complex masses” and how can they be affected by earthquakes?

When the buildings are too close together, twisting, to and fro motion.

What areas should be avoided for construction?

Areas near geological faults, soft soils, slopes

How can buildings be secured against earthquakes?

Building reinforcement including the cross bracing of weak components

Adequate footing

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What is good “seismic building code”?
strong, flexible, ductile
not weak, stiff, brittle

What materials should be used or avoided?
-should be used: strong, flexible, ductile
example: steel farming; absorbs a lot of energy when it deforms
-should be avoided: not weak, stiff, brittle
example: glass; very brittle material that shatters easily

What is “complex masses” and how can they be affected by earthquakes?
they have complex structure. they collapse in weak points.
they experience twisting.
example: Atlantis

What areas should be avoided for construction?
Areas near to geological faults and soft soils

How can buildings be secured against earthquakes?
-Slopes have to be reformed by cut and fill.
-Cross bracing of weak components.
-Placing the whole structure in a steel frame and the insulation of deep foundation on soft soils.

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What materials should be used or avoided?

- Materials should be used: Strong, flexible and ductile materials such as steel

- Avoided: Glass
What areas should be avoided for construction?

- Near geological faults

- Soft soils that amplify ground shaking

- Slopes area which can causes landslides

How can buildings be secured against earthquakes?

- Building structures should be in a steel frame

- Deep foundations on soft soils

- Wood frame houses should be internally braced with plywood walls tied to anchor bolts linked into foundations 1-2m deep

- Building can be mounted on isolated shock absorbing pads made from rubber and steel

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Materials used:

Strong, flexible, ductile

Steel, concrete,

Material avoided:

Weak, stiff, brittle

Glass, masonry, brickwork

Where not to build:

Near to geological faults and soft soils, slopes.

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1.Good seismic building code is the use of of proper materials to prevent buildings from breaking or collapsing. Strong, flexible and ductile materials (such as steel) are preferred to be used over brittle and weak materials (like purely glass)

2.strong, flexible and ductile material such as steel (that absorbs a lot of energy)/ the glass is brittle/ flexible frame filled with with stiff will fail against earthquakes ( masonry brick work

3. Complex masses are buildings that are made of a asymmetrical structures experience a twist unless the joining was well between them

4.Coatsal region / geological faults and soft soil that would amplify and collapsing building (difficult construction sites)

5. Stiff bulding energy travels lateral forces which is less when compared to multistory buliding which experience more energy as it goes up.

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1) appropriate choice of building design and construction methods.
2) to use strong, flexible and ductile materials like steel and avoid weak, stiff, and brittle like glass.
3) complex structure can easily break when an earthquake occurs.
4) areas near to geological faults and soft soils that amplify ground shaking.
5) use strong materials and proper construction. The use of steel frame and the installation of special, deep foundations on soft soils. The use of isolated shock-absorbing pads made of rubber and steel.

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1. strong, flexible and ductile material (Steel framing is a ductile material that absorbs a lot of energy when it deform), steel-reinforced concrete buildings.

2. avoided (Glass), Used (flexible frames, steel-reinforced and steel framing)

3. Complex masses: buildings that are not symmetrical (Varied highest and angled wings).

4. Avoid places that are near the geological faults and soft soils that would amplify or collapse building, low densities areas and costal region.

5. building can be mounted on isolated shock-absorbing pad made of rubber and steel that can prevent horizontal seismic energy.

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1-    resistance to earthquake, strong, flexible and ductile materials, spread of well-designed, steel-reinforced concrete building. Materials dissipating the energy of wave, stability against lateral forces (close together)

2-    weak or brittle materials

3-    complex massesà are not symmetric building.

Experience twisting, different movement pull the buildings apart

4-    avoid places that are near to geological faults and soft soils, low densities.

5-    Some new building can be mounted on isolated shock-absorbing pad made of rubber and steel that can prevent horizontal seismic energy.

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SRM GROUP -What material is important to use or avoided? 

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SRM GROUP -What material is important to use or avoided? 

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strong, flexible and ductile material
avoided material should be glass or weak, stiff and brittle material.

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faults
soft soils