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A network of protected areas today conserves some of the most important remaining intact ecosystems in the hotspot, and conservation efforts in the Tropical Andes have focused on the need to add to and connect this network of protected areas. By connecting existing parks through corridors of protected areas and biodiversity-friendly, sustainable development projects, ecological processes like migration, dispersal, and gene flow among populations are enhanced.

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In the cloud forests, agriculture, deforestation, dams, and road building are the most significant threats. At higher altitudes, seasonal burning, grazing, agriculture, mining, and fuelwood collection have degraded the land.
Also, oil exploration and development on the eastern slopes of the Andes and the adjacent Amazonian lowlands of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia have in recent years become more alarming.

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It is the most biologically diverse hotspot in the world due to the extreme variation in topography and climate due to varying elevation.

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Transitional stage of socioeconomic development, representing a less developed nation with many in primary and secondary sector jobs, with a declining death rate yet a persistently high birth rate that keeps the growth rate of this region relatively high.

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This region spans the Andes Mountains of Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and the northern tropical portions within Argentina and Chile.
One endemic plant species is the Andean bromeliad, and one endemic animal species is the yellow-tailed woolly monkey.