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Members of the black community had their citizenship revoked They were evicted from their homes and forced into segregated residential areas. Even after the apartheid ended, racism still remains a huge issue. Although there have been drastic changes to the politics in South Africa, black and white people  still have conflicts today. Nelson Mandela was the first black President of South Africa. He spent 27 years in prison for trying to overthrow the pro-apartheid government. After he left prison, he worked to achieve human rights and a better future for everyone in South Africa. Nelson Mandela was born in 1918 and died in 2013.

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It all began in 1913; The controversial Land Act, passed three years after South Africa gained its independence, marked the beginning of territorial segregation by forcing black Africans to live in reserves and making it illegal for them to work as sharecroppers.

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Apartheid video explained:
-education
-housing
-working
https://youtu.be/S7yvnUz2PLE

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Institutionalized racial segregation and discrimination that went on in doubts Africa from 1948 to 1991. This dictated employment opportunities and social events by race. In the system, the people of South Africa were divided by their race and the races were forced to live apart from each other. There were laws that kept the racial separation. The system of apartheid in South Africa was banned in 1994. The aim of apartheid was to separate the people of South Africa into small independent nations.  The National Party government wanted to keep the majority of South Africa's land for white people, especially the richest places, like the gold mines. They wanted black men to work in these mines for little money but their families had to live far away. During apartheid, people were divided into four racial groups and kept apart by law. The system was used to deny many rights of the non white people. The laws allowed the white people to be in certain areas. Black people had to carry special papers or have permission to live and work in particular areas. The government separated mixed communities and forcibly moved many people. Many laws were made, for example: people of different races were not allowed to marry each other; black people could not own land in white areas or vote.

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A series of Land Acts set aside more than 80 percent of the country’s land for the white minority, and “pass laws” required non-whites to carry documents authorizing their presence in restricted areas. In order to limit contact between the races, the government established separate public facilities for whites and non-whites, limited the activity of nonwhite labor unions and denied non-white participation in national government.
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Apartheid was a system of institutionalised racial segregation & discrimination in South Africa between 1948 and 1991. It governed relations between SA's white minority and its non-white majority. Racial segregation, sanctioned by law, was widely practiced in South Africa before 1948, but the National Party, which gained office that year, extended the policy and gave it the name apartheid. The Group Areas Act established residential and business sections in urban areas for each race, while members of other races were barred from living, operating businesses, or owning land in them. In practice this act and two others, which became known collectively as the Land Acts, resulted in setting aside more than 80% of South Africa’s land for the white minority. Nelson Mandela was a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary, political leader, and philanthropist, who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. His government focused on dismantling the legacy of
apartheid by tackling institutionalised racism and fostering racial reconciliation.

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South Africa was colonized by the English and Dutch in the seventeenth century. English domination of the Dutch descendents resulted in the Dutch establishing the new colonies of Orange Free State and Transvaal. The discovery of diamonds in these lands around 1900 resulted in an English invasion which sparked the Boer War. Following independence from England, an uneasy power-sharing between the two groups held sway until the 1940's, when the Afrikaner National Party was able to gain a strong majority. Strategists in the National Party invented apartheid as a means to cement their control over the economic and social system. Initially, aim of the apartheid was to maintain white domination while extending racial separation. Starting in the 60's, a plan of ``Grand Apartheid'' was executed, emphasizing territorial separation and police repression.

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South Africa was colonized by the English and Dutch in the seventeenth century. English domination of the Dutch descendents resulted in the Dutch establishing the new colonies of Orange Free State and Transvaal. The discovery of diamonds in these lands around 1900 resulted in an English invasion which sparked the Boer War. Following independence from England, an uneasy power-sharing between the two groups held sway until the 1940's, when the Afrikaner National Party was able to gain a strong majority. Strategists in the National Party invented apartheid as a means to cement their control over the economic and social system. Initially, aim of the apartheid was to maintain white domination while extending racial separation. Starting in the 60's, a plan of ``Grand Apartheid'' was executed, emphasizing territorial separation and police repression.

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Apartheid was a system that separated black and white people, and was introduced in South Africa in 1948. Nelson Mandela joined the African National Congress, using radical demonstrations and strikes in response to the building of apartheid. This included the bombing campaign in 1961, where explosives were placed in government offices. After this event, Mandela went into hiding, up until 1962 when he returned to South Africa. He was jailed in 1963 on the accounts of sabotage, acts of violence and treason.

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http://www.history.com/topics/apartheid
The Apartheid era came about in 1948 after the all white National Party came to power, enforcing existing segregation laws. This manifested itself in complete and utter segregation with white South Africans and black South Africans, where there were required to essentially exist completely separate to one another. This extended to separate public facilities, where the white minority enjoyed a much greater quality of life while the black majority suffered in relative poverty.
Much of these changes were not introduced with the National Party's rise to power, but came about before the country had even gained independence in 1931.