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Until 1997, Great Britain was an Empire. This means that it had colonies: Canada, Australia, India, New Zealand, African colonies, Hong Kong, North American colonies (Until the Indipendence War), Falkland Islands, the Hannover protectorate in Germany. The British Empire Ended in 1997 when Hong Kong (last colony) became a region of China's Republic.

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Edward VIII, Elizabeth's Uncle, abdicated in 1936, because he wanted to marry Wallis Simpson, a woman twice-divorced from the U.S. This was contrary to the Anglican Church, so he had to abdicate. He fought in World War I, but he was suspected of sympathizing  with the nazi movement.

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Geroge V of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha was the King of the British Empire from 1910 since 1936, when he died. During the Great War he changed his name from "Saxe-Coburg-Gotha" to "Windsor" because of the anti-german propaganda. He was cousin with the Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany  and with the Tsar Nicholas II of Russia. In fact, in 1917, during the Russian Revolution, the Tsar asked to George V to host him in Great Britain, but while waiting for his cousin's response, he was assassinated by revolutionaries.

-Image- King George V and his cousin the Tsar Nicholas II in uniform.

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The family of Elizabeth II is composed by her sister, Margaret Windsor; her husband, Philip of Edinburgh; her son, her nephews; her father, George VI; her uncle Edward VIII and her granddad, George V.

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So, the current monarch of the United Kingdom is Elizabeth II.
She is queen of England since 1952, when her father, George VI, died.

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First of all, let's talk about the British Government: it is a constitutional monarchy. We can find the parliament, the house of lords and the house of common, which are part of the government.