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1619-Slavery first comes to North America

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1619-Slavery first comes to North America

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Around 20 African Americans were kidnapped and brought to Port Comfort, Virginia, to be enslaved to a colony of English settlers. They were originally on a Portuguese slave ship, but were abducted by British privateers.

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The expansion of the cotton industry has been labeled as one of the causes of the civil war. As cotton production grew rapidly, the number of enslaved African Americans grew with it. It was a horrible system ethically, but can be attributed to the successful economy of the south during that time.

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1800 to 1865- Abolitionists using the underground railroad

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1800 to 1865- Abolitionists using the underground railroad

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During these decades, there was a network of people, both Black and white, who offered their homes as safe houses for people fleeing slavery. It is estimated that the underground railroad helped guide over 100,000 slaves to freedom over the years. Harriet Tubman was known for her role in guiding people along the underground railroad to safety.

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After Abraham Lincoln was elected in 1860, 7 states in the south banded together and formed the confederate states. A main cause for this divide was the source of the economy. Northern states were more developed and industrial, while southern states relied heavily on plantations and slave labor.

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During this time right after the civil war, everyone was trying to get back on their feet, reintegrate the divided states, and figure out how to start treating Black people like equals. Many new bills were written and rejected as the political world was in shambles. One good thing that came out of the reconstruction era was the first state funded school system in the south.

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This amendment outlawed slavery unless it was for a punishment for a crime that they truly committed. The flaw in this amendment was that white people ran the judicial system and could pin any crime on any Black person to have them forced back into slavery. This amendment was the first of a trio of amendments that worked towards abolishing slavery.

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The 14th amendment granted citizenship to anybody who was born, or naturalized, in the united states. This extended to former slaves. In later sections of the 14th amendment authorized the federal government to punish stated that violated their citizen's right to vote. However, this amendment failed to include Black people in the Bill of Rights.

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The 15th amendment claimed that nobody will be denied the right to vote by any state or the United States itself, despite a person's previous condition of servitude. This technically allowed previously enslaved people to vote, even though it did not play out that way. The 15th amendment did not actually benefit Black people because it "prevented discrimination" but taxes and literacy tests were created to stop them instead.

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As people returned home during the aftermath of World War 1, there was tension around possible future violence. Drunken white sailors were returning from war and going on violent rampages and assaults on Black neighborhoods and citizens. To combat this, Black veterans stationed themselves on rooftops to act as snipers and protect their homes from the mob. "Red Summer" was a short time that was filled with dozens of riots, hundreds of deaths, and a three day long massacre, brought on by racists.

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This was a forced labor system that was implemented in prisons to exploit the prisoners. Prisoners were leased to railways, coal mines, plantations, or other locations, and were forced to work long hours, with minimal wages. As industrialism took over, and political figures started paying more attention to prisons, the convict leasing system eventually shut down.

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The Montgomery Bus Boycott started when Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on the bus for a white man. After she was arrested and fined, the WPC (Women's Political Council) started handing out flyers for a "bus boycott" to force the bus system to integrate. The bus boycotts lasted for around a year and 15 days.

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This speech was given by Martin Luther King Jr. on August 28th, 1963. It spoke of a world with racial equality and urged those listening to step up and make it an reality. This speech has been heard by hundreds of millions of people and was one of the more prominent civil rights acts.

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This was actually a series of three marches that took place between Montgomery and Selma. The marches were protesting the violation of Black American's ability to vote, and the systemic racism from Jim Crow laws in the south. One resulting event was known as "Bloody Sunday." On this day, 600 protesters tried to cross the Edmund Pettus Bridge to get to the march, and were violently attacked by state troupers.

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On October 15th, 1966, the Black Panthers were founded in Oakland California. It was first started as a Black political group, who defended against racially stemming police brutality. The assassination of Malcolm X was the spark to create the organization. The Black Panther party fought for civil rights, expanded Black community resources, and provided protection for Black citizens.

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The Tampa Bay Race Riot was initiated after 19 year old Martin Chambers was suspected of a robbery, and killed while being pursued by the police. This riot was one of many riots during the summer of 1967. During this riot, there were planned attacks on large, white owned businesses, and brutal retaliation from Florida troupers. The people were hurting after the unjust murder of a young boy.