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1. Canada is the second largest country in the world (after Russia) by land mass.

Canada has a total area of 9.9 million sq. km. and touches the Pacific, Arctic, and Atlantic oceans (which is why its motto, "from sea to sea" is quite appropriate), making it the country with the longest coastline measuring 243,042 km. long. It is composed of 10 provinces and three territories with Ottawa as its capital. The provinces are:

Alberta (capital: Edmonton)

British Columbia (Victoria)

Manitoba (Winnipeg)

New Brunswick (Fredericton)

Newfoundland and Labrador (St. John's)

Nova Scotia (Halifax)

Ontario (Toronto)

Prince Edward Island (Charlottetown)

Quebec (Quebec City)

Saskatchewan (Regina)

The three territories are: Northwest Territories (Yellowknife), Nunavut (Iqaluit), and Yukon (Whitehorse).

2. Land of Lakes

Canada has more lakes than the rest of the world combined. At last count, there may be as many as two million, with 563 lakes larger than 100 square kilometres. Canada's largest include Lake Huron (Ontario), Great Bear Lake (Northwest Territories), and Lake Superior (Ontario). Lake Winnipeg, Canada's fifth and the world's 11th largest, is in Manitoba.

3. Multicultural population

Canada is the first country in the world to adopt a policy of multiculturalism, embracing diversity and pluralism. Today, according to the Parliament of Canada's Canadian Multiculturalism report, the country is home to people from over 250 ethnic origins. Around 6.2 per cent of the total Canadian population reported an Aboriginal identity and 22.3 per cent belong to a visible minority (2016 Census). The largest groups among these visible minorities come from Asia (including the Middle East), Africa and Europe. The largest individual source of immigrants is India, followed by China and the Philippines ( 2020 Annual Report to Parliament on Immigration).

4. Democracy/Monarchy

Canada is a Parliamentary Democracy headed by a Prime Minister. However, it is also a constitutional monarchy with executive authority vested in the Queen. This means that the Queen is the head of state, while the Prime Minister is the head of government. A parliamentary democracy has three parts: the Sovereign (Queen), the Senate, and the House of Commons. Meanwhile, the government has three levels: federal, provincial and municipal. The federal government is based in Ottawa and is headed by the Prime Minister. Provincial and territorial governments are headed by premiers, while municipal governments are led by mayors (Read Canada's three levels of government to know more).

5. Canada means village

The country's name is derived from "Kanata", a Huron-Iroquois word meaning village or settlement. Two Indigenous youths used this word to describe the settlement of Stadacona (now Quebec City) to European explorer Jacques Cartier. Cartier then used "Canada" to describe a bigger area beyond Stadacona. The use of this name soon spread throughout the entire region, surpassing its former name, New France.

6. The maple leaf and other symbols

Did you know that it took 40 years for the Canadian parliament to finally decide on a Canadian flag? The red and white flag with the prominent maple leaf was officially launched on February 15, 1965 (making Feb. 15 National Flag of Canada Day) after much debate and rigorous study (read 5 amazing facts about the creation of the National Flag of Canada to know the full story). But have you ever wondered why the maple leaf is so identified with Canada? Well, for years even prior to the coming of European settlers, Indigenous Peoples have been using maple sap as a food staple. Throughout history, the image of the leaf found its way into Canadian coins, emblems and coats of arms. The maple tree is also very important to Canadians and is the official arboreal emblem. Today, Canada continues to produce three-quarters of the world's maple syrup output.

Meanwhile, the beaver as a national emblem dates back to the 1700s when the lucrative trade of beaver pelts (for fur hats) put Canada on the map. The Hudson's Bay Company honoured the animal by putting it in its coat of arms. Another Canadian symbol is the Maple Leaf Tartan designed by David Weiser which became an official symbol in 2011.

7. Canada Day

Canada Day commemorates the signing of the British North America Act (today known as the Constitution Act, 1867) which created Canada. The statutory holiday is celebrated every July 1st, and was for a time called Dominion Day. It marks the anniversary of the Confederation of three British colonies into four provinces: The United Province of Canada (Ontario and Quebec), New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia. To see how Canada Day is celebrated in various parts of the country, go to the official site.

8. "O Canada"

Canada's national anthem, "O Canada" was composed by Calixa Lavallee with lyrics written by Sir Adolphe Basile-Routhier. Several versions have been made of the anthem, but the version used today was written by Robert Stanley Weir, a lawyer from Montreal. You can hear the anthem below (Youtube video by Canada Immigrant):

9. National dish: Poutine

Canada's national dish originated from Quebec in the 1950s. Made up of a tasty mix of french fries, cheese curds and gravy, Poutine has been claimed by numerous people but its inventor has never been confirmed. Anyway, canucks (a nickname for Canadians) have eaten the wonderful dish in more ways than one. Care for the traditional poutine? Or perhaps poutine with an international twist? How about going gourmet with foie gras poutine?

10. Inventions galore

What does basketball, the pacemaker, IMAX, and the Blackberry have in common? Yes, they were all invented by Canadians. Basketball was invented by Dr. James Naismith, a Canadian PE instructor in Massachusetts who wanted to create a game that can be played indoors during winter. Meanwhile, the first pacemaker was invented by electrical engineer John Hopps, and the IMAX (for Image Maximum) was created by Toronto-based Graeme Ferguson, Roman Kroitor, Robert Kerr and William Shaw. Lastly, the Blackberry cellphone is a product of Research in Motion (RIM), in Waterloo, Ontario. Want to know more Canadian inventions? Here are 19 things you might not know were invented in Canada.

11. National pastime

Hockey is the national winter sport of Canada while lacrosse is the national summer sport. To give you an indication of how much Canadians love hockey, the Canada-US Men's Gold Hockey Game at the Vancouver 2010 Olympics was the most watched television broadcast ever in Canadian history according to NHL.com. Meanwhile, the women's hockey team has also been dominating the Olympics, winning gold medals, the most recent of which was at the 2014 Sochi Olympic Winter Games.

Updated June 22, 2022

Sources: Government of Canada site, canadafacts.org., Environment Canada, aboutnews, Canadian Heritage (at the Government of Canada site), montrealpoutine, Historica Canada, National Research Council of Canada, IMAX.com, and brighthub.com.

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Canada has a total area of 9.9 million sq. km. and touches the Pacific, Arctic, and Atlantic oceans (which is why its motto, "from sea to sea" is quite appropriate), making it the country with the longest coastline measuring 243,042 km. long. It is composed of 10 provinces and three territories with Ottawa as its capital.

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As the 2 nd largest country in the world with an area of 9,984,670 sq. km (3,855,100 sq mi), Canada includes a wide variety of land regions, vast maritime terrains, thousands of islands, more lakes and inland waters than any other country, and the longest coastline on the planet. In essence, as observed on the physical map above, Canada is a smorgasbord of landforms, of which the significant ones are: the Appalachian Mountains, St. Lawrence River, Canadian Shield, Canadian Arctic Archipelago; Great Lakes, Hudson Bay, Great Plains, Lake Winnipeg, Columbia, Fraser, Mackenzie and Yukon Rivers; Great Bear Lake, Great Slave Lake, Rocky Mountains, Canadian Cordillera and the dozens of volcanoes along the Pacific Ring of Fire.

Appalachian Mountains: The Appalachians extend from the New England States in the U.S. up through parts of the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Quebec. In Canada, they are mostly rolling hills.

Canadian Arctic Archipelago: The Canadian Arctic Archipelago is located north of the Canadian mainland on the fringes of the Arctic Ocean. This group of some 36,000 islands is mostly part of the territory of Nunavut Baffin, Ellesmere and Victoria Islands are the largest of the group respectively. The climate here features long, cold winters and short, cool summers. The terrain consists of tundra except in mountainous regions of the east.

Canadian Shield: As observed on the map, the Canadian Shield, covering the eastern half of Canada's landmass is an ancient bedrock base of gneiss and granite covered by a shallow layer of soil. Large areas of coniferous (evergreen) forests and hundreds of rivers and lakes spread across this mostly flat region. It's scattered low-lying mountains include the Laurentian and Torngat ranges.

Canadian Cordillera: The Canadian Cordillera extends from the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific Ocean. The Cordilleras are part of a huge mountain system extending from the Andes of South America to the tip of Alaska. The Canadian Cordillera includes ranges of the Rocky Mountains, the Coast Range and varied coastal mountain ranges and their many active volcanoes.

Great Slave Lake: It is the 2 nd largest lake in the Northwest territories of Canada behind Great Bear Lake. It's the deepest lake in North America at 614m (2,015 ft), and the 9 th largest lake in the world.

Great Bear Lake: It is the largest lake entirely within Canada; the 3 rd largest in North America and the 7 th largest in the world. The lake has a surface area of 31,153 sq.km, (12,028 sq. miles) with a maximum depth of 446 m (1463 ft).

Both lakes have been marked on the map above and are located to the north of the country and are glacial in origin.

Great Plains: The Great Plains slope east from the Rockies and extend to the edge of the Appalachians. The land is generally smooth with large treeless areas and sloping shallow river valleys. They extend across parts of Alberia, Manitoba, Northwest Territories and Saskatchewan, and vast parts of North Central U.S.

Mount Logan: Also marked on the map above by a yellow upright triangle is Mount Logan, the highest peak in Canada. It is located in southwestern Yukon to the northwest of Canada. It has an elevation of 5,959 m (19,551 ft).

Provinces and Territories Map of Canada

Canada, the second-largest country in the world by total area, spans 9.98 million km ² (3.85 million mi ²). To the south, it shares the longest bi-national land border globally with the United States, extending approximately 8,891 km (5,525 mi). On the east, the Atlantic Ocean provides an expansive maritime boundary. In the west, the Pacific Ocean shapes its coastline, while to the north, the Arctic Ocean defines the country's arctic boundary.

Canada consists of a variety of geographical regions that differ in terms of topography, climate, and vegetation. These regions include the Atlantic Provinces, the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Lowlands, the Canadian Shield, the Boreal Plains, the Prairies, the Cordillera, and the Arctic and Hudson Bay Lowlands.

The Atlantic Provinces region, which encompasses Newfoundland and Labrador, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick, has a rugged coastline dotted with numerous bays, coves, and islands. The Appalachian mountain range also passes through this region, ending in Newfoundland.

The Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Lowlands, home to the most populated areas in Canada, including Toronto, Montreal, and Ottawa, contain fertile soil ideal for agriculture, aided by the moderating effects of the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence River. These bodies of water also provide significant transportation routes and sources of hydroelectric power.

The Canadian Shield: Encompassing over half of Canada, the Canadian Shield is an expansive region characterized by ancient bedrock and is rich in minerals and forests. Its physical geography includes numerous lakes and rivers carved out by glaciation, including part of the mighty Mackenzie River system, the longest river in Canada.

Prairie Provinces: To the west of the Canadian Shield, the Boreal Plains and the Prairie Provinces (Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta) exist. The Boreal Plains are a transition zone characterized by flatlands, plateaus, and lowlands, while the Prairies comprise fertile, flat grasslands, used extensively for agriculture.

The Cordillera region extends along the western side of Canada, including British Columbia, part of Alberta, the Northwest Territories, and the Yukon Territory. The Rocky Mountains, part of this region, run parallel to the Pacific Coast and include Canada's highest peak, Mount Logan, in the Yukon Territory.

The Arctic and Hudson Bay Lowlands, found in the northern reaches of Canada, comprise mainly of tundra and permafrost, making it a difficult region for human habitation. However, it is a critical habitat for Arctic wildlife.

Canada also boasts some of the world's largest freshwater bodies. The Great Lakes, which Canada shares with the United States, constitute the largest group of freshwater lakes on Earth by total area. Lake Superior, the largest of these, spans an area of approximately 82,100 square kilometers (31,700 square miles).

The country's major rivers include the St. Lawrence River, which connects the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean, the Mackenzie River, which is the country's longest river, and the Yukon River, comprise its historical importance during the Klondike Gold Rush.

Canada also has a vast number of islands. Baffin Island, the largest, located in Nunavut in the northeastern part of the country, is the fifth-largest island in the world. The Haida Gwaii (formerly the Queen Charlotte Islands) and Vancouver Island, off British Columbia's coast, have a legacy of Indigenous history alongside significant ecosystems.

Where is Canada?

Canada is the largest country in North America. Canada is bordered by non-contiguous US state of Alaska in the northwest and by 12 other US states in the south. The border of Canada with the US is the longest bi-national land border in the world. Canada is also bounded by the Arctic Ocean to the north, by the Atlantic Ocean to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Canada also shares maritime borders with the island of Greenland in the northeast and the French island regions of Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the southeast.

Canada Bordering Countries: The United States Of America.

Regional Maps: Map of North America

Outline Map of Canada

Key Facts

Legal Name

Canada

Flag

Capital City

Ottawa

45 25 N, 75 42 W

Total Area

9,984,670.00 km ²

Land Area

9,093,507.00 km ²

Water Area

891,163.00 km ²

Population

37,589,262

Major Cities

1. Toronto (6,371,958)

2. Montréal (4,307,958)

3. Vancouver (2,657,088)

4. Calgary (1,639,613)

5. Edmonton (1,544,448)

6. Ottawa-Gatineau (1,437,188)

7. Québec (844,249)

8. Winnipeg (841,108)

9. Hamilton (781,047)

10. Kitchener-Cambrigde-Waterloo (585,990)

Currency
Canadian dollars (CAD)

GDP

$1.74 Trillion

GDP Per Capita

$46,194.73

This page was last updated on July 10, 2023

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Physical map of Canada showing major cities, terrain, national parks, rivers, and surrounding countries with international borders and outline maps. Key facts about Canada.

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The second largest country in the world, Canada is known for its natural beauty and outdoor activities. It's home to eight distinct forest regions, two mountain regions, volcanoes and the arctic zone. It also happens to be have the world's largest amount of fresh water lakes, which are spread across all ten provinces and three territories.

It's believed that there are over 2 million lakes in Canada, 31,752 of which are larger than three square kilometres, with 561 of these lakes having a surface area larger than 100 square kilometres. In fact, over nine per cent of the country is covered by freshwater. That's over 890,000 square kilometres! With so many lakes, it's nearly impossible to decide which lakes are the best. But some of these lakes are much more spectacular than the others. Here is our list of the 15 best lakes in Canada.

1. Lake Louise; Banff National Park, Alberta

You have not seen a lake in Canada until you have seen Lake Louise. The glacial lake is small, but extremely spectacular with its emerald green water and stunning surrounding mountains.

Lake Louise is nestled at the foot of Mount Victoria at an elevation of 1,750 metres. It's one of Banff National Park's main draws, not only for the scenery, but also for its outdoor activities, which include hiking, mountain biking, boating, ice climbing and ice fishing.

On the eastern end of the lake is the luxurious Fairmont Chateau Lake Louise, which is one of Canada's grand railway hotels. The lake is also close to the Lake Louise Ski Area, one of three major ski areas within the national park and the first stop on the FIS Alpine Ski World Cup.

2. Garibaldi Lake; Garibaldi Provincial Park, British Columbia

This turquoise coloured alpine lake lies in the Garibaldi Provincial Park at an elevation of 1,484 metres above sea level. It's a stunning lake that is surrounded almost entirely by mountains that reflect into the mirror-like water.

Garibaldi Lake stretches for over 990 hectare between Whistler and Squamish. It's only accessible by hiking along the nearly nine kilometre Garibaldi Lake Trail.

Visit in the winter and enjoy backcountry skiing or snowshoeing while being mesmerised by the lake's beauty. Throughout the rest of the year, go hiking and enjoy the meadows, flowers and waterfalls.

3. Moraine Lake; Banff National Park, Alberta

Although Lake Louise tends to get more attention, there's nothing less captivating than Banff National Park's Moraine Lake. The picture-perfect glacial fed lake sits in the Valley of the Ten Peaks at an elevation of more than 1,880 metres.

Some may recognise the lake from adverts, video games or even log-in screens, though they don't even come close to the real thing. In fact, it's arguably one of the most photographed lakes in all of Canada.

There are a number of walking trails surrounding the lake that offer spectacular views of the lake and the Valley of the Ten Peaks behind it. The lake is also the starting point of the Perren Route; an eight to ten hour climb to the Neil Colgan Hut.

4. Emerald Lake; Yoho National Park, British Columbia

Emerald Lake is the largest of 61 lakes found within the park, and also happens to be the best of the bunch. The beautiful emerald green lake is completely enclosed by mountains of the President Range and sits at an elevation of over 1,200 metres.

The lake is one of the Yoho National Park's premier attractions, offering canoeing, hiking, snowshoeing and cross-country skiing. It's also easy to get to by vehicle, even though it's in a secluded area.

The lake is frozen from November to June, and is most outstanding in July when the snow melts into it from the surrounding mountains. Still, no matter when you visit Emerald Lake you'll be impressed.

5. Spotted Lake; British Columbia

Spotted Lake is a natural phenomenal because as the water evaporates in the summer it leaves spots of mineral deposits. This can only be seen in the summer months, which is the only time to visit the lake and experience its amazingness.

As the summer progresses, the spots change in size and location. As well, the spots change colour as the evaporation increases.

The alkali lake is located in the Similkameen Valley near the desert town of Osoyoos and is accessible by road (Highway 3). It's protected by a fence, as it's a cultural and ecologically sensitive area, though it's still easy to snap photos from behind it.

6. Abraham Lake; Alberta

Located in Alberta on the North Saskatchewan River, Abraham Lake is an artificial lake that was created in 1972 by the Bighorn Dam. It sits in the foothills of the Rocky Mountains at an elevation of 1,340 metres.

Abraham Lake is not a big lake, but it's an impressive one, what with its incredible blue colour. This is a result of the rock flour created by the mountains.

One of the main reasons to visit the lake it so witness the formation of the frozen bubbles beneath its icy surface in the winter months. This odd natural phenomenon is caused by the rotting of plants in the lake, which release methane gas that can't be released, forming bubbles.

7. Lake Superior; Ontario

The largest of North America's Great Lakes, Lake Superior is also the one to visit, as it's the world's largest freshwater lake. In fact, it's so big that there are actually countries that are smaller than it.

Lake Superior is shared with neighbouring USA, though one of its main attractions is on the Canadian side; the Lake Superior Provincial Park. The park is sits along the north-eastern shores of the lake is home to the famous Agawa pictograph, 11 hiking trails and three campgrounds.

It's not possible to walk around the 2,783 kilometres shoreline, but driving along its Great Lakes Circle Tour scenic route is very popular, and highly recommended. It's the best way to enjoy the cliffs, canyons, waterfalls and wildlife surrounding the lake.

8. Great Slave Lake; Northwest Territories

The deepest lake in North America should be on everyone's bucket list, especially if planning a holiday to the Northwest Territories. Great Slave Lake has a long and important history that dates back over 8,000 years, and is still an important part of the local's lives today.

The capital city of Yellowknife sits along the lake's shoreline, as do a number of Indigenous communities. It's a lake filled with culture and unspoilt wilderness that boasts unparalleled reflections of the aurora borealis.

Eight months of the year Great Slave Lake is cut off from civilization, though visitors can enjoy going on a snowmobile tour over it. Visit in the summer and go kayaking or fishing.

9. Maligne Lake; Jasper National Park, Alberta

This stunning lake has incredible azure-blue water, which is what it's most known for. Well that and its amazing surrounding peaks, three glaciers and charming Spirit Island.

A great thing about Maligne Lake is that it's accessible by road, and many shuttle buses head here from the nearby town of Jasper. It's also possible to hike along the 44 kilometre Skyline Trail from the town to the lake.

Maligne Lake is home to two Alberta registered historic buildings as well as three camping sites that are only accessible by canoe. From spring to autumn, boats run to the iconic Spirit Island.

10. Peyto Lake; Banff National Park, Alberta

This gorgeous glacier-fed lake is located in the Banff National Park at an elevation of 1,860 metres above sea level. Peyto Lake is only 530 hectare, but it's truly beautiful.

Although the lake is quite high, it's easy to get to by driving along the Icefields Parkway. The drive is extremely scenic, although so are the views of the lake that can be seen from the viewpoint (Bow Summit).

From the viewpoint there is a trail heading down to the lake as well as one going further above it, where the view is even better.

11. Lake Memphremagog; Quebec

Created by ancient glaciers, Lake Memphremagog is a stunning lake that sits between Quebec and the US state of Vermont, with 73 per cent of it is located in Quebec. The lake is named after the Algonquin word for 'where there is a big expanse of water'.

Lake Memphremagog's surroundings make is particularly beautiful, what with the rolling hills in the east and rugged mountains in the west. It's also home to 21 different islands, 15 of which are in Canada.

It's not uncommon to see yachts of all sizes sailing around in the water, especially since they summer day cruises started in 2011. Also, the children's sailing club Sargent's Bay Yacht Club can be found on its shorelines.

12. Berg Lake; Mount Robson Provincial Park, British Columbia

When thinking about seeing a lake perched right in front of a mountain, well that's Berg Lake. Canada's highest peak - Mount Robson - is right behind the stunning turquoise blue lake that is partially fed by a glacier.

If that's not enough, the lake is also surrounded by icebergs, even in the summer! Plus, the hike there is also quite spectacular, as it passes through the incredible Valley of a Thousand Waterfalls.

The only way to reach Berg Lake is by hiking along the Berg Lake Trail that runs from a car park and up along the Robson River. The trail is 19 kilometres and there are campsites along the way.

13. Kootenay Lake; British Columbia

Part of the Kootenay River, Kootenay Lake sits between the Purcell and Selkirk mountain ranges, making it quite serene. Plus, most of its 145 kilometres shoreline is completely undeveloped, which just adds to its beauty.

It's one of British Columbia's largest lakes and was formed through the erosion of the river and nearby glaciers. Today, it's overflowing with seven species of fish, including rainbow trout, white sturgeon, kokanee salmon and mountain whitefish.

All year the Kootenay Lake Ferry crosses the lake between Kootenay Bay and Balfour that can carry a maximum of 80 vehicles and 250 passengers. The ferry is completely free and happens to be the longest free scenic ferry in the world.

14. Lake Ontario; Ontario

Lake Ontario provides drinking water to over nine million people both in Ontario and in the US state of New York. But it's also a picturesque lake that is dotted with cliffs, beaches and city centres.

It's not only a lake that boasts beautiful scenery (especially when looking at the Toronto skyline), but also offers activities like paddle boarding, windsurfing and canoeing. The lake also happens to be one of the largest in the world!

Lake Ontario is a freshwater lake with a loads of biodiversity. This includes not only animals living in and around the water, but also the plants and trees around it.

15. Kluane Lake; Yukon

Kluane Lake sits at an elevation of 781 metres in the mountains near the near Kluane National Park. It's a glacier fed lake, giving it an amazing turquoise colour that reflects the surrounding mountains.

The lake is very well known for its fishing, particularly its lake trout and whitefish. Plus, Aishihik and Kluane caribou herds migrate in the lakes vicinity.

The Alaska Highway runs along most of Kluane Lake's southern shoreline, offering some spectacular views of the lake and its surrounding area.

Lake Louise; Banff National Park, Alberta

Garibaldi Lake; Garibaldi Provincial Park, British Columbia

Moraine Lake; Banff National Park, Alberta

Emerald Lake; Yoho National Park, British Columbia

Spotted Lake; British Columbia

Abraham Lake; Alberta

Lake Superior; Ontario

Great Slave Lake; Northwest Territories

Maligne Lake; Jasper National Park, Alberta

Peyto Lake; Banff National Park, Alberta

Lake Memphremagog; Quebec

Berg Lake; Mount Robson Provincial Park, British Columbia

Kootenay Lake; British Columbia

Lake Ontario; Ontario

Kluane Lake; Yukon

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15 Best Lakes in Canada - The Crazy Tourist

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The second largest country in the world, Canada is known for its natural beauty and outdoor activities. It's home to eight distinct forest regions, two mountain regions, volcanoes and the arctic zone. It also happens to be have the world's largest amount of fresh water lakes, which are spread across all ten provinces and three territories.

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10 Amazing Places to visit in Canada - Travel Video

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(courtesy Government of Nunavut).

What are the Differences between Provinces and Territories?
Authority to Govern
The main difference between provincial and territorial governments has to do with the separate roots of their authority to govern. According to the Constitution Act, 1867, territorial governments are under federal control. They do not have the same status as provinces. Provincial governments receive their legislative authority from the Constitution. In the territories, legislative authority is delegated (or handed down) by the federal government. This process is known as devolution.

Federal law allows the territories to form elected councils. These councils are given powers similar to provincial legislatures. The powers include authority over public education, health and social services; as well as the administration of justice and municipal government. ( See also Distribution of Powers.)
Constitutional Change
Legislative powers described in the Constitution are divided between the federal government and the provinces. ( See Distribution of Powers.) Changing those powers requires a constitutional amendment. ( See Constitutional History; Constitutional Law.) The territories constitutionally fall under federal control. Changing the powers given to territorial governments can be achieved through an Act of Parliament. Similarly, the creation of a new province requires constitutional amendment. The creation of a new territory only requires an Act of Parliament.

Territorial governments are not included in the amending formula of the Constitution. Each territory has one seat in the House of Commons and one seat in the Senate. These representatives may vote on constitutional change. But they are not otherwise involved in the process of changing the Constitution.

The Constitution Act, 1982 gives each province the power to amend the constitution as it applies to their province. However, assent of the House of Commons and Senate is also required. Territorial constitutions are federal statutes; so only the federal Parliament can amend them.
Lands and Resources
Unlike in the provinces, Crown lands in the territories were long controlled by the federal government. Yukon and Northwest Territories gained control of their lands and resources in 2003 and 2014, respectively. Nunavut began to negotiate with Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada (now Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada) for control over its lands and resources in October 2014.
Government Structure
Each territorial government has an executive, legislative and judicial branch. But their political organization differs. Northwest Territories and Nunavut use consensus governments; they do not have political parties. Independent representatives are elected to the legislature. In turn, those representatives elect a speaker, premier and cabinet ministers from among themselves.

Yukon follows the party system. The leader of the political party with the most seats in the elected legislature becomes premier. He or she appoints a cabinet. It governs the territory with the confidence of the legislature.
Federal Transfers
Because the territories are geographically remote, they receive unconditional transfer payments from the federal government. This is known as Territorial Formula Financing (TFF). The program is similar to equalization payments, which help support public services in less prosperous provinces. TFF recognizes the higher cost of services in the North. TTF is not the only source of territorial revenue; but it does account for the majority. ( See also Public Finance; Intergovernmental Finance.)

What is Devolution?

Devolution is the process by which the federal government delegates (or downloads) decision-making powers to other governments. Through devolution, territories receive the authority to create laws within their borders. This makes them more accountable to their citizens and to local interests. ( See also Local Government.)

Since the mid-1970s, the federal government has devolved responsibilities to the governments of the Northwest Territories and Yukon. It has done so through the minister of Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada (now Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada). In both territories, legislative responsibilities are now roughly the same as in the provinces, as outlined in theConstitution Act, 1867.

Northwest Territories Government
History
In 1870, the Hudson's Bay Company sold Rupert's Land and the North-Western Territory to Canada. This was a vast region covering present-day Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba, northern Quebec and Ontario and the territories. It was known as the North-West Territories from 1870 to 1905. It was the first Canadian territory. It was governed by Ottawa through an appointed lieutenant-governor and an unelected council.

The North-West Territories Act (1875) allowed the territory to pass ordinances relating to roads; real estate; inheritance; the rights of married women; the administration of justice; and the prohibition of alcohol. However, the federal government could change or void any ordinance. The Act also outlined the creation of an elected legislative assembly and cabinet. These were introduced by 1888. The government was given responsibilities similar to those of provincial governments. However, it was not given control over its lands and resources.

By 1912, the vast lands of the North-West Territories had been divided among Yukon (1898); Alberta and Saskatchewan (1905); and Manitoba, Ontario and Quebec (1912). Given its diminished size and population, responsible government was abolished in 1905. An appointed government was restored. This lasted until 1951, when citizens were again able to elect members to council. Council became a fully elected body in 1975.

See also Northwest Territories and Confederation.
Devolution
On 1 April 2014, the Northwest Territories Devolution Act granted the Northwest Territories responsibilities similar to those held by provincial governments. This included control of Crown lands and resources. The agreement was signed by the federal government; the government of the Northwest Territories; the Inuvialuit Regional Corporation; the Northwest Territory Métis Nation ( see Métis); the Sahtu Secretariat Incorporated ( see Sahtu Got'ine); the Gwich'in Tribal Council (see Gwich'in); and the Tlicho Government ( see Tlicho).
Consensus Government
MLAs who are not in cabinet become the unofficial opposition. They are regular MLAs who question government. They keep it accountable to the people. A majority of MLAs must agree to a decision, motion or legislation for it to be passed into law. Because the unofficial opposition includes 11 members, it holds the balance of power in government.

The commissioner is the federal government's representative in the Northwest Territories. They are appointed by the minister of Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada. The position is increasingly ceremonial.

Yukon Government
History
Yukon was created by the Yukon Territory Act in 1898, at the beginning of the Klondike Gold Rush. The Act established a territorial government. It consisted of a federally appointed commissioner and council. An elected 10-member council was established in 1908. However, the gold rush had faded by that point. The population of Yukon dwindled. As a result, the council and office of the commissioner were abolished in 1918. A three-member elected council with reduced authority was established in 1919. This remained unchanged until after the Second World War. Yukon's population then grew again.

In 1948, the role of a federally appointed commissioner was reinstated. The commissioner led an executive committee ( cabinet). It included both appointed and elected members of the legislative assembly. In 1979, Yukon achieved responsible government when the role of commissioner was redefined. At that point, commissioners came to resemble provincial lieutenant-governors. Also in 1979, the head of government - the premier - was first elected.

See also Yukon and Confederation.
Devolution
The process of devolution in Yukon started in 1998, when the Yukon Devolution Protocol Accord was signed. Since then, resource management - including forestry and mining - has been devolved to the territorial government. In October 2001, the Devolution Transfer Agreement transferred responsibility over land and resources to the territory. On 1 April 2003, Yukon became the first territory to officially take control of its land and resources. This was achieved by an amendment to the Yukon Act.
Party System
Candidates for seats in the Yukon Legislative Assembly have run under a party banner since 1978. ( See Canadian Party System.) The leader of the party that wins the most seats in an election becomes premier. The premier then forms cabinet. The ruling party must hold the confidence of the 19-member Legislative Assembly to continue to govern. This is especially relevant in minority government situations.

Nunavut Government
History
In 1993, the federal government passed the Nunavut Land Claims Agreement Act; as well as the Nunavut Act. The Nunavut Act divided the Northwest Territories into the Northwest Territories and Nunavut. A federally appointed commission established Nunavut's government institutions. The first territorial election was held on 15 February 1999. Nunavut was officially created on 1 April 1999.

See also Nunavut and Confederation.
Devolution
The federal government has gradually devolved responsibilities to what is now Nunavut since the 1970s. These powers have included housing; language; health; education; and social services. However, control over land and resource management in Nunavut is currently held by Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada.

In 2008, the Canadian government, the Government of Nunavut and Nunavut Tunngavik Inc. signed the Lands and Resources Devolution Negotiation Protocol. It guides devolution negotiations. Formal negotiations for control over lands and resources started in October 2014, when an Agreement- in-Principle was signed. A chief negotiator was appointed in July 2016. Negotiations are ongoing.
Consensus Government
The commissioner is the federal government's representative in Nunavut. The position is largely symbolic. It is appointed by the minister of Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada.

Indigenous Governance

A crucial issue in territorial governance is how to achieve the best relationship between the territorial government, as a public government, and re-emerging Indigenous governments. ( See Indigenous Peoples in Canada; Indigenous Self-Government in Canada.) The major changes are different in Yukon, Nunavut and the Northwest Territories.

Indigenous communities in the Northwest Territories have negotiated self-government claims with the territorial and federal governments since the 1970s. In 1984, the Inuvialuit of the Mackenzie River delta signed the Western Arctic Claim (or the Inuvialuit Final Agreement). This gave the Inuvialuit limited self-government. In 1993, the sahtu Dene and Métis of the Northwest Territories reached a comprehensive land claims agreement with the federal government. ( See also Sahtu Got'ine; Métis.)

In 1999, Nunavut, meaning "our land" in Inuktitut, was separated from the Northwest Territories. At about 2 million km ² in size, Nunavut represents the largest Indigenous land claim settlement in Canadian history. It is one fifth of Canada's land mass. Inuit represent about 85 per cent of the population in Nunavut. They have majority representation in territorial government. This helps to ensure that government decisions reflect Inuit culture and tradition.

In Yukon, the territorial government has been adapting to a new relationship with Indigenous peoples within the territory. Indigenous communities in what is now Yukon never signed treaties with the federal government. In 1993, Canada concluded the Umbrella Final Agreement to settle the Indigenous claims in the Yukon. ( See Indigenous Land Claims). The Indigenous population is dispersed among 14 recognized First Nations communities. Each of these negotiates its own final claims agreement and a self-government agreement with the governments of Canada and Yukon. As of 2020, 11 First Nations communities in Yukon had finalized agreements.

First Nations governments in Yukon share some responsibilities with the territorial government; or operate parallel to it. They offer education, language, health and social services to their members. The territorial government serves the non-Indigenous population. Each nation is responsible for law-making, land-use, fish and wildlife, forestry, water and resources.

See also Constitutional Monarchy; Federalism in Canada; Federal-Provincial Relations; Members of Provincial and Territorial Legislatures; Natural Resources in the Territories; Council of the Federation (Canada's Premiers); Local Government.

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(courtesy Government of Nunavut). Authority to Govern The main difference between provincial and territorial governments has to do with the separate roots of their authority to govern. According to the Constitution Act, 1867 , territorial governments are under federal control. They do not have the same status as provinces.

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If you're visiting Canada, understanding the geography of the country is essential to planning your trip. Discover more through these 20 regional maps.

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Canada has so many natural wonders to discover. We manage more than 50 National Wildlife Areas (NWAs) across the country for wildlife conservation, research, and interpretation. Ten of them are open to the public, so that you can experience these amazing spaces, enjoy an array of activities and spend some time connecting with nature.

Photo: Neil Dawe

Big Creek National Wildlife Area (67 km from Woodstock, ON) is home to a wealth of wildlife, including birds, frogs, turtles, amphibians and insects, all of which rely on wetland habitats. The extensive marshes at the mouth of Big Creek are relatively undisturbed compared to other Great Lakes coastal wetlands. Located at the base of the Long Point peninsula, the marshes are a major staging area for waterfowl. More than 200 bird species use the area during their spring and fall migrations.

Activities: You can enjoy views of wildlife and their habitat from either of the two viewing towers and participate in geocaching activities.

Photo: Jeff Robinson

Prince Edward Point National Wildlife Area (70 km from Belleville, ON) has a unique geographic location. A diversity of habitats results in a spectacular number of migratory birds to concentrate at the tip of the peninsula. Large numbers of raptors pass through the area during spring and fall migration. On the Canadian side of Lake Ontario, this is the location with the densest population of birds during migration. More than 300 species of birds have been recorded on the point, including songbirds, waterfowl, owls and hawks.

Activities: You can pack a picnic, swim at one of several small unsupervised gravel beaches, geocache or register for interactive programs that are offered seasonally. You can also explore the small network of hiking trails to enjoy the sights and sounds of the local wildlife and their habitat.

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Canada's 54 National Wildlife Areas (NWA) protect approximately 1 million hectares (ha) of nationally significant land and marine habitats. Now 10 of these NWAs closer to urban areas are getting public access facelifts, through National Conservation Plan funding, so that more people can spend a day witnessing the wildlife.

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Best of Wild Canada (360 Video) | Wild Canadian Year

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VideoLink lets you share videos on YouTube easily, without distracting third-party content or advertisements.

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Useful phrases 'Structuring a presentation'

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Useful phrases 'Structuring a presentation'

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I had to chuckle when I read that one of the most commonly asked questions by Americans when visiting Niagara Falls in July is "Why do Canadians celebrate July 4th with us?" In fact, Canada does not celebrate July 4, we celebrate Canada on July 1st! So to help our neighbours to the south, we thought we'd share some Canada Day Facts to help better understand that we aren't celebrating with you, we actually have our own holidays too. Read more: 17 Fun Independence Day Facts to Celebrate July 4

Canada Day Fun Facts

One of our biggest celebrations in Canada is Canada Day on July 1. Even though our holiday is close to Independence Day in the USA, it is a different holiday. Most Americans don't really know what Canada Day is, but there are also a lot of Canadians who don't know a lot about Canada Day either.

There's a bit more to it than just drinking beer and eating burgers. Although, that is a large part of the celebration.

What is Canada Day?

Canada Day is essentially our Independence Day. Canada Day was originally called Dominion Day and officially became a statutory holiday in 1897. It was re-named in 1982 to Canada Day. The word Canada comes from the Huron-Iroquois word "kanata".

Canada Day celebrates the day Nova Scotia & New Brunswick, Ontario (then Upper Canada) & Quebec (then lower Canada) came together on July 1, 1867 to form our Constitution Act. The rest of the provinces soon followed suit. However, Nunavut only joined in 1999 after it split from NWT.

Should We Celebrate Canada Day?

There has been a lot of debate in recent years if we should celebrate Canada Day at all. In 2021 that call has grown after the atrocities committed by the Catholic Church where hundreds of children's remains have been found buried in unmarked graves at residential schools. Read more about the Residential School murders in Canada.

It is difficult to celebrate a country that took children from their families and let thousands of children die at the hands of residential schools in our liftime. It is a valid debate that should be discussed and perhaps Canada Day should be changed to be more of a memorial or day of reflection. As a nation, we have always held ourselves in such high regard but this changes everything and we must not ignore this. We know that we must own this and bring those to justice who committed the murders both in the government and the Catholic Church. Read more about calls to cancel Canada Day.

Being Canadian

We have more than one dark past where we treated humans poorly. In 1923, the government passed the Chinese Immigration Act on July 1. It stopped all immigration from China and it wasn't repealed until 1947. For 24 years this act was enforced and Chinese Canadians referred to Canada Day as Humiliation Day.

As a Canadian I believe we can come together. I feel that most Canadians have empathy and are listening. While we cannot change the past, we can make sure that we come together for a stronger future and I believe there is a place for Canada Day to continue by including everyone, recognizing our past mistakes and honouring those who lost their lives.

I recently watched a documentary by Hollywood writer Rob Cohen who researched what it is exactly to be Canadian. He interviewed some of our more notable Canadian celebrities like Mike Myers, Michael J. Fox, Dan Ackroyd, William Shatner, Alan Thicke, Martin Short, Paul Schafer, Alex Trebek and Catherine O'hara who has spent a lot of time in Canada recently thanks to filming Schitts Creek! Get a copy of Being Canadian to see all the famous Canadian talk about their homeland

Best Canadian Commercial Ever!

Canada Day used to be just another day off work for most Canadians. We didn't know or care what it was about. But since the 1990s Canadians have found new pride in their country. I know what you must be thinking. "How can a commercial sum up Canadian pride?" But it really does!

Released as a commercial for our national beer brand, Molsen Canadian, it really gained popularity and still is referenced today when people as about "What does being Canadian mean?" Give it a listen and you will know exactly what I mean. Famous Canadian William Shatner also did a version of this rant and we love this one too! Check it out here.

Fun Fact: A recent study found that 86 percent of Canadians believe we live in the best country in the world.

Okay on with the Canadian Facts!

1. Canada has 10 provinces and 3 Territories

Canada does not have states. Instead we have provinces and territories. We have 10 provinces and 3 territories spanning across the second largest country on earth. That is a lot of space.

Canadian Provinces: British Columbia, Alberta, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Prince Edward Island (PEI).

Canadian Territories: North West Territories, Yukon, Nunavut

Dave and I have been to: BC, Alberta, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Yukon, Northwest Territories, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island (PEI). We have stopped to fill up in Nunavut while flying to Greenland once, but we can't really count that as an actual visit.

4. Most Popular Phrase in Canada: Sorry

Niagara Falls borders Canada and the United States

What is it with Canadians? We really do apologize a lot. When someone bumps into us, we are the ones saying "sorry". It seems to be a very common thing. When you come to Canada, don't worry about offending anyone, most likely if you do, a Canadian will apologize for you. Read more: Canadian Slang, Unique Phrases and Canadian Sayings

5. Canadians Love Beer eh?

Canadians love beer. On the July 1 weekend, Canadians drink 1.2 million litres of beer. That's a lot of beer eh? Oh, we say "eh" a lot.

6. Canada's Cocktail - Caesar

But Canada's cocktail is definitely the Caesar. is similar to a Bloody Mary except we use Clamato Juice. What is Clamato Juice you ask? Clamato Juise is a mixture of clam juice and tomato juice. (Yes, really. - juice made from clams)

Mix vodka and clam juice with Worcestershire Sauce and Tabasco and then garnish with celery and a lime and you've got yourself a delicious refreshing drink! PS, the Bloody Caesar is an excellent remedy for morning hangovers.

7. Canadians are Good Neighbours

Canada and the US have the longest undefended border in the world. If that doesn't make us good neighbours to each other I don't know what does.

We also celebrate our individual independence during the first weekend of July together, like good neighbors (notice how I spelled it without the "u" for our friends to the south?) Canada Day and Independence Day are both celebrated at Niagara Falls with a huge fireworks display on July 1 and July 4 at 10pm.

8. Population of Canada

Canada is really small compared to the US. We only have a population of 37.59 million people while the United States has 328 million people living in the nation.

9. The Beaver

Canada's National Symbol is the mighty Beaver. Yes, the animal we love is the beaver. It's very Canadian.

However, don't mock beavers. They can be very vicious. Beavers have been known to attack humans and there have been reported deaths by beaver.

10. The Loonie and Toonie Story

Canadians are quirky. We're the only country I know of that names our currency something out of a cartoon. Our one dollar coin is called a Loonie and our two dollar coin is called a Toonie.

Loonie was named after a bird

Dollar coin is named after this bird

The $1 coin ended up being called a loonie because there is a loon (it's an aquatic bird) on it. When the $2 coin came out, we decided "two dollars" was just too much to say, so we all started calling it a Toonie. True story!

11. Longest Coastline in the World

Canada's long but chilly coast1

If you have ever visited any coastline in Canada you know that it is beautiful. From the rugged coast of British Colombia to the west to the rocky shores of Nova Scotia and Newfoundland to the East, the coastal areas of Canada are quite diverse.

But, did you know that Canada has the longest coastline in the world at 151,600 miles? Scratch that Canada is on the metric system, our coastline is actually 243,976 km.

12. Canada is confused

Canada is influenced by both the US and Britain. Canada is on the Metric System but most people weigh themselves in pounds and measure themselves in feet and inches. Our temperature is in Celcius and our speed limits are measured in kilometres.

We follow the British way of writing. We like using the "u" in words like colour and neighbour. We like to flip the "er" with "re" in words like theatre and metre. We speak in acres not hectare s and our apartments and homes are measured in square feet not metres. We really have no idea what rules we are following.

13. Tim Horton's is slowing taking over the world

The coffee is terrible but there is a Tim Horton's on every corner of every small town in the country. We've seen Timmies in Time's Square, Dubai, and Ireland. Canadian's just may be plotting to take over the world through Tim Horton's. When Donald Trump was threatening to build a wall, Canadian's often joked that the Canada wall would be built out of Tim Horton's cups. Check out Best Canadian Food to Try in Canada

14. French and English

Canada has two official languages and we learn both French and English in school. But our language system sucks and not many people outside Quebec are bilingual. Everyone assumes most Canadians speak French and English but that's not the case. Although, we wish it was.

15. Famous Canadians Born on Canada Day

There are two famous Canadians born on Canada Day which is July 1.

Pamela Anderson - Playboy Playmate, star of Baywatch

Dan Ackroyd - Famous Canadian Comedian

Jared Keeso - Canadian Actor and creator of Canadian TV Show Letter Kenny

Some non Canadians born on Canada Day July 1 are are Princess Diana, Missy Elliott, Estee Lauder, and Carl Lewis. Carl Lewis is particularly funny since he is our Canadian nemesis. When Ben Johnson lost his gold medal due to steriods, it went to Carl Lewis. Who in the end turned out to also be on steriods, but he never had his medal stripped. I always knew Lewis was on steroids. He was just better at not getting caught!

16. Santa Clause Resides in Canada

All letters to Santa come to Canada. What is the official address Santa Clause? It's the North Pole that located in Canada. All letters from around the world go to that address where Canadian volunteers reply in more than 30 languages.

17. Kraft Dinner

7 million boxes of Kraft Dinner (aka macaroni and cheese) are sold around the world. Canadians consume 1.7 million of them. We Canadians consume nearly a third of all macaroni and cheese yet we only make up 0.48% of the world's population. The Barenaked Ladies (A notable Canadian Rock Band) sang about Kraft Dinner in their song "If I had a Million Dollars"

18. Lentils anyone?

When Dave and I were traveling in Sri Lanka and Nepal, a lot of Dhal was consumed. Dhal's main ingredient is the humble lentil. India eats a lot of lentils and pretty much the only thing the Nepalese eat is dhal. Billions of people around the world eat lentils. Canadians are not so big on lentils and yet we supply 65% of the world's lentils., Saskatchewan is the largest exporter of lentils.

19. Canada Has a lot of Lakes

Canada has more freshwater lakes than any other country in the world. We've got a lot of water. That makes our future very unpredictable in my humble opinion. Everyone needs water and another interesting fact is that Canada does not have much of a military presence. If someone wants our water, they'll be able to walk all over us to come and get it.

20. We really love hockey

Most people think that hockey is Canada's national sport, but it is not. Lacrosse is. But, I will say, more people are into hockey than Lacrosse and we let the world know it. Many of the greatest hockey players, like Wayne Gretzky, Sydney Crosby, Rocket Richard and Gordie Howe were born and raised in Canada. Enjoy: Playing Pond Hockey on Lake Louise

21. We Have our Own Candy in Canada

Canada has different chocolate bars from the United States. Wait, you might know them as Candy Bars. Popular chocolate bars here are:

Caramilk

Coffee Crisp

Smarties. We always eat the red ones last.

Big Turk - my personal favourite

Crunchie

Skor

Dairy Milk

I Am Canadian

We have traveled all around the world and have the option to live anywhere we want. So where did we choose to settle? Canada of course. Canada is our home and native land and we don't want to live anywhere else. As the saying goes, I am Canadian.
Did we miss any fun facts about Canada Day? Let us know in the comments.

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Canada Day Facts - Things I bet You didn't Know

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I had to chuckle when I read that one of the most commonly asked questions by Americans when visiting Niagara Falls in July is "Why do Canadians celebrate July 4th with us?" In fact, Canada does not celebrate July 4, we celebrate Canada on July 1st!

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Read time: 6 mins

Canada is arguably the world's premier destination for nature lovers and outdoor enthusiasts, boasting an extensive national park system that's virtually unsurpassed in terms of its sheer size, beauty and diversity. Whether you're in search of soaring mountain peaks, verdant forests, glistening glacial lakes or stunning coastal scenery, you'll be met with expansive stretches of pristine nature, an intoxicating raw wilderness feel and endless opportunities for active adventures. What's more, you're very likely be able to enjoy all of this without the crowds found in similar spots south of the border. From east to west, here's the top 10 national parks in Canada.

#10

Fundy National Park, New Brunswick

Where: This park encompasses roughly eight miles of shoreline around the Bay of Fundy, near St. John on Canada's Atlantic coast. It also extends inland, covering a vast swathe of pristine Acadian forest.

What: Fundy is one of the country's most popular maritime national parks, laying claim to the world's highest tides, along with impressive sandstones cliffs and wide stretches of beach that are fascinating to stroll along at low tide. Beyond the seashore there are miles of well-maintained hiking trails to explore, leading through thick forest, sparkling streams and towards cascading waterfalls.

Highlights: The Bay of Fundy is widely recognised as one of the world's greatest natural wonders. Here, waters rise and fall by up to 12 metres each day, exposing the bare ocean floor littered with intriguing debris and miniscule marine life. Guided beach walks and plenty more interpretive programmes are available throughout the summer to shed light on this dramatic spectacle.

#9

Mount Revelstoke and Glacier, British Columbia

Where: Located near the city of Revelstoke in the Selkirk mountains, this park makes a perfect stop off point for those driving the Trans-Canada Highway between Vancouver and Calgary.

What: Characterised by deep valleys, ancient forests and flower-filled meadows, this corner of BC is a true spectacle of nature. It's also incredibly easy to access, playing host to the only mountain in Canada which you can summit within 5 minutes of parking your car. From Mount Revelstoke, admire amazing vistas over the surrounding alpine landscape. Or take a hike through the old-growth cedar-hemlock forest, following the Giant Cedars & Skunk Cabbage boardwalks.

Highlights: Drive or cycle through the Meadows in the Sky Parkway, a 26-kilometre route winding through verdant meadows bursting with wildflowers. Winter is also a magical time to visit this park. A thick blanket of snow coats the landscape, whilst a wide range of activities, from skiing to snowshoeing, will get your adrenaline pumping.

#8

Riding Mountain National Park, Manitoba

Where: In the Manitoba Escarpment, approximately 100 km north of Brandon in Central Canada.

What: For what is a relatively small area, Riding Mountain encompasses an astonishing diversity of habitats, flora and fauna. In fact, you'd be hard pressed to find such a high concentration and diverse range of wildlife almost anywhere on the planet. The landscapes are also a sight to be marvelled at, encompassing sweeping valleys and towering peaks, along with boreal forest, sparking lakes and fescue prairies. An extensive trail system offers fantastic opportunities for hiking, biking, horseback riding and cross-country skiing.

Highlights: Riding Mountain is an absolute must for wildlife enthusiasts. On a single day you can expect to spot black bears, moose, bison, wolves and elk, along with a myriad of fascinating bird species. Visitors should also check out the quaint resort town of Wasagaming nestled on the shores of Clear Lake. Besides its rustic charm, there are plenty of shops, eateries and tours to enjoy, as well as a golf course, boat rentals and popular sandy beach.

#7

Gros Morne National Park, Newfoundland

Where: Situated on Newfoundland's west coast, this is Atlantic Canada's second largest national park.

What: Filled with an endless string of natural wonders, this UNESCO World Heritage Site boasts towering granite mountains and deep fjords, an abundance of forests, beaches, waterfalls and coastal features, along with numerous picturesque seaside villages. The park's ancient landscape dates back millennia, making it of great geological significance and providing a highly visible example of plate tectonics and all its breath-taking physical remnants. When you've had your fill of the impressive geology, try your hand at beachcombing, boating and kayaking along the rugged coastline, or hiking and wildlife spotting in the alpine highlands.

Highlights: The Tablelands are considered the best place in the world to access rare rocks that have emerged from deep within the Earth's crust. Take a guided hike through the area to observe rocks billions of years in the making and admire the magnificent glacially carved landscape, that brims with fascinating flora and fauna.

#6

Cape Breton Highlands National Park, Nova Scotia

Where: The northern portion of Cape Breton Island, bordered by the Atlantic to the East and the Gulf of St Lawrence to the West.

What: A unique mix of Boreal, Tagia and Acadian habitats not found elsewhere in Canada characterise this enchanting corner of Nova Scotia. The park is defined by an elevated plateau with a tundra-like landscape and interspersed with deep forested river canyons that descend towards the temperate lowlands and seashore. The result is a remarkable wildlife haven, where you can expect to spot the endangered lynx, moose, grouse, minke whales, harbour seals and bald eagles. The park's special blend of ocean, mountain and forest ecosystems, renowned hiking trails, not to mention a rich and lively cultural history, make it one Canadian park not to be missed.

Highlights: One-third of the world-famous Cabot Trail winds its way through the park, offering intrepid hikers the chance to explore the very best of Cape Breton's mesmerising natural beauty. As you follow the trail through the highlands and hug the island's coastline, you'll be rewarded with sweeping panoramas over canyons, forests and beautiful seascapes.

#5

Thousand Islands National Park, Ontario

Where: This picturesque island chain is found in the Saint Lawrence River, stretching between Kingston and Brockville.

What: One of Canada's smallest national parks, this collection of 20 plus granite islands, hundreds of inlets and several mainland bases is home to a mix of marshland, pine forest and glittering waterways, as well as some of the richest wildlife populations in the country. Explore the lush terrain via a hiking trail, or take to the water in a kayak or powerboat to discover secluded bays, rugged coastal outcroppings and catch tantalising glimpses of rare turtle and bird species.

Highlights: Mallorytown Landing is the park's main hub of activity, featuring a whole host of fun activities, including an interpretive centre, aquarium, picnic and camping site, kid's playground, theatre, travelling exhibits, and plenty more to help you make the most of this unique park.

#4

Jasper National Park, Alberta

Where: Situated on the eastern slopes of the Rockies in western Alberta.

What: With jagged snow-capped peaks, colossal glacial icefields, teal-streaked lakes and flowering alpine meadows, Jasper's legendary scenery has to be seen to be believed. Explore rugged backcountry via the extensive hiking and biking trail network, taking time to observe abundant wildlife along the way, including bears, elk, caribou and bighorn sheep. The laidback town of Jasper is filled with all the urban amenities you could want and boasts easy access to countless adventure activities that will launch you headfirst into the park's expansive and remarkably well-preserved wilderness.

Highlights: The Colombia Icefields are a true world marvel, and definitely not to be missed. But when night falls, the opportunities for admiring Jasper's natural splendours are far from over. The Park is a recognised Dark Sky Preserve and happens to be one of the best places on Earth for observing the night sky. Time your visit with the Dark Sky Festival in October, when enthusiasts gather for a weekend of parties, concerts and exhibitions centred around stargazing.

Further reading: A beginner's guide to Jasper.

#3

Yoho National Park, British Columbia

Where: Yoho National Park graces the western slopes of the Canadian Rockies.

What: Boasting some of North America's most untarnished natural wilderness, this park is a veritable haven for outdoor lovers, brimming with breathing scenery and exceptional hiking. Witness the dramatic effects of ice and water which have sculpted vertical rock faces, soaring peaks, deep blue lakes and pounding waterfalls. Get to grips with Yoho's fascinating geology and natural history on a guided tour of Mt Stephen and Mt Field where you'll admire fossilised remains of some of the earliest life forms on Earth.

Highlights: Easily accessible from Highway 1 is the mesmerising Takkakaw Falls, a world-class site and one of Canada's highest waterfalls. From here, follow the Iceline Trail, a 20-kilometre circuit that takes in some of the park's most spectacular glaciers and mountain scenery.

#2

Banff National Park, Alberta

Where: In the heart of the Rocky Mountains, approximately 150 km west of Calgary.

What: As Canada's oldest national park, and the world's third, Banff is one of the continent's premier destinations, boasting almost unsurpassed levels of natural beauty with its snow-capped peaks, dense coniferous forests, alpine meadows and pristine lakes. Every year, millions of visitors make the journey to witness the majestic mountain scenery and indulge in endless opportunities for outdoor pursuits, from hiking, biking and canoeing to backcountry camping. Visit strings of glaciers and lakes, each one more spectacular than the last, drive the scenic Icefield Parkway, and soak in the lively atmosphere of Banff town with its world-class resorts, boutiques, restaurants and breweries.

Highlights: Lake Louise is a picture-perfect destination, widely renowned as the crown jewel of the Canadian Rockies. Whilst you certainly won't be alone here, the sheer majesty of the setting, encompassing turquoise waters, towering mountains and a stately chateau, is simply hard to beat.

Further reading: A beginner's guide to Banff.

#1

Pacific Rim National Park Reserve, British Columbia

Where: Situated along Vancouver Island's western shoreline and encompassing three distinct units: Long Beach, Broken Group Islands and the West Coast Trail.

What: The Pacific Rim embodies rugged, unspoilt Canadian wilderness at its very best, harbouring lush temperate rainforests, spectacular coastal cliffs and expansive soft-sand beaches. Brave some of the country's wildest surf at Long Beach, spot migrating humpback whales whilst hiking a coastal trail, or make your way to the spectacular Barkley Sound where you can kayak in crystal clear waters past countless islands, inlets and secluded bays.

Highlights: The entire park is a hiker's paradise, filled with miles of sandy beaches, thriving old-growth forests and jaw-dropping coastal vistas. Tackle the epic 47-mile West Coast Trail, or opt for any number of shorter circuits, such as the spectacular Wild Pacific Trail along the Ucluelet peninsula.

Further reading: Exploring Pacific Rim National Park Reserve.

See the best of Canada's national parks with these recommended tours

Panoramic Canadian Rockes escorted tour (11 nights)
Western Explorer Rockies by Rail (7 nights)
Self-Drive Rocky Mountain Journey (7 nights)
Maritime Canada by Motorhome (15 nights)

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Read time: 6 mins Canada is arguably the world's premier destination for nature lovers and outdoor enthusiasts, boasting an extensive national park system that's virtually unsurpassed in terms of its sheer size, beauty and diversity.

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Unique Canadian words, phrases and sayings

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Unique Canadian words, phrases and sayings

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We have some very unique Canadian Sayings and Phrases. Most people think Canadians speak a lot like our American neighbours, but the truth is, we're a little weird up here in the North.

People must be pretty confused when we tell them that a "Coffee Crisp costs about a Loonie, pretty good deal eh?" Or, "I'd like a dozen Timbits with a large double double." What on earth does that mean? Let me explain.

Here are a few of the staple Canadian words used daily

1. Eh

This is our most popular Canadian saying that we receive the most flack about from the rest of the world. "Eh."

Everyone always makes fun of us. They mock us by using "eh" in the most ridiculous phrases and they never get it right.

So I am going to give you a quick lesson on how to use the word "eh". It is so simple to use and anyone can do it.

All you have to do is make a statement like "It is a very nice day out today." If you add "eh" to the end of that statement, you can turn it into a question that will require a friendly reply from the person you are talking to.

For example... "It is very nice day out today eh?" To which the other person will reply " Yes it is. " See how easy it is?

Now before coming to Canada, you can practice your use of the word "eh" and fit right in once you get here.

2. Loonie

By far the silliest word for currency on the planet. "The loonie."

When our one-dollar coin came out in the early nineties. Nobody really knew what to call it. We couldn't exactly call it a dollar-bill anymore, and a dollar coin just didn't roll off of the tongue.

So obviously a Loonie would be the next choice right?

Ok, I am kidding, it doesn't make sense at all. That is until you see the coin.

It has a picture of a Loon on it. So naturally we all decided to call it a Loonie. And of course when the two-dollar coin came out with a picture of a Polar Bear on it we called it a Bearie or a Polie right?

No way...we ended up calling it a Toonie, because it rhymes with Loonie and we Canadians like things that rhyme.
Coming to Canada? Get your travel guide by Lonely Planet
3. Tuque

I went my entire childhood and a large portion of my adult life not realizing that this was a word only used in Canada. "Tuque" (it can also be spelled toque)

I watched Bob and Doug Mackenzie as a kid wearing their tuques telling each other to "Take Off Eh" and never thought anything of it.

Then I started traveling and made statements like " Its cold tonight, I should have brought my tuque, " People looked at me like I was from another planet.

It is simple a tuque is a knitted hat used to keep the head warm.

The Edge from U2 often wears a tuque and Jacques Cousteau always wore a tuque. Now you know.
Buy your own Canadian tuque on Amazon.
Get a copy of Bob and Doug Mackenzie's Take Off Featuring Great Canadian Rocker Geddy Lee of Rush.

4. Washroom

When I first started to travel the world. I was surprised to see the word Toilet used so much.

In Canada we call it a washroom. To us, toilet sounds a bit vulgar.

I don't think that I have ever heard the term washroom anywhere else except for Canada. In the U.S. They use bathroom, and restroom, I have seen water closet, the loo...

But I never see washroom. I like washroom. I think I will keep using washroom.

5. Double Double

Ok, I could do an entire post on how Tim Hortons has shaped our coffee drinking as a nation.

It's mediocre coffee that we are all mysteriously addicted to

We have even opened a Tim Hortons in Afghanistan for our troops overseas.

Here's a phrase you must learn when coming to Canada. "I am going to Timmies to grab a box of timbits and a large Double Double."

That is what you say when leave the house to order an assortment of tasty doughnut centres and an oversized cup of coffee with 2 creams and 2 sugars at Tim Horton Doughnuts.

Yummy. Tim Hortons by the way was founded by hockey legend Tim Horton.

We love our hockey almost as much as we love our Timmies.

6. Two-Four

One of my favourite phrases that is uniquely Canadian is Two-Four.

This is our phrase we use when we go to buy beer. I am going to get a 2-4 of Canadian at the Beer Store.

Yes, we buy our beer at the Beer store in Canada and a box of 24 beers is simply shortened to the words "two four."

7. May 24 Weekend

Our favourite holiday is Queen Victoria's Birthday on May 24th. Not because it is the Queens birthday. It is because it is a holiday to celebrate our great Canadian Beer. We all call it May 2-4 Weekend, because that is exactly what we do on long weekends.

We grab a 2-4 of beer and go to the cottage to work on our "Molson Muscle." A Molson Muscle is our endearing term for the beer bellies we have developed over years of drinking Molson Canadian Beer. Yee Haw!

8. Molson Muscle

Here's another great Canadian phrase for you, the Molson muscle. It's what Canadians call a beer belly.

9. Knapsack

This is what we Canadians call our Backpack or Rucksack. To Canadian's it is a knapsack.

All through my school years I would pack my knapsack with my schoolbooks. When I first started traveling 10 years ago, I said to myself, " Well, I better buy a new knapsack to carry everything."

I now use the term Backpack more often but I haven't been able to say the term Rucksack, it is just odd to me. I really miss my knapsack days.

10. Chocolate Bar

Canadians call our Candy Bars Chocolate Bars and I like it. That is what they are made out of. Chocolate, therefore they should be called chocolate bars. I rest my case. A very typical Canadian chocolate bar is a coffee crisp. We have a commercial where the announcer asks, "How do you like your coffee?" Naturally, we like it crisp.

Here's a fast fact. Canada has its own version of M&M. We call them Smarties and we like to eat the red ones last.

11. Knapsack

This is what we Canadians call our Backpack or Rucksack. To us it is a knapsack. All through my school years I would pack my Knapsack with my schoolbooks. When I first started traveling 10 years ago, I said to myself, "Well, I better buy a new Knapsack to carry everything." I now use the term Backpack more often but I haven't been able to say the term Rucksack, it is just odd to me. I really miss my knapsack days.

12. Chinook

I had heard this word as a child. Being born in Alberta, Canada my parents often talked about Chinooks blowing in and how nice it was.

I had no idea what this meant until I was older. It is quite amazing actually. I learned today on the CBC that it is an Inuit word for "The snow that melts."

What a Chinook is, is a warm wind that comes over the mountain in the dead of winter and instantly melts the snow and raises the temperature.

It is needed because Alberta can be extremely cold. My mom and dad love to tell the story of a pair of boots that my grandmother sent to them to keep warm in the winter. Well, my dad wore them out on one cattle drive and it was so cold that his boots cracked right open and shattered. They didn't have gortex then. And that is why everyone wore leather my friends.

13. About

No, we don't say aboot. If I hear one more person say "Oh your Canadian, do you go oot and aboot?" I'm going to sock it to em.

Canadian's don't say aboot, we say it more like A-boat. And I like the way we say about.

The American pronunciation is more like a-bow-t. (as in take a bow) Why people think we say aboot is beyond me. But if you really want to delve into the reasoning for the difference.

Check out Grammar Girl. She explains the diphthong differences eloquently here.

So there you have it.
Can you think of any other Canadian sayings that are unique to your region or the country? Tell us some words unique to your country, we want to hear them.
For more fun Canadian Facts check out

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The Great Canadian Word, Unique Phrases and Sayings of Canada

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I was watching the CBC this morning and a great segment was featured about The Great Canadian Word. It got me thinking about people that come to Canada to travel. They must be pretty confused when we tell them that a "Coffee Crisp costs about a Loonie, pretty good deal eh?"

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Canada National Parks Map - Listings Canada

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Canadian Rockies by Drone (4K) | DJI Mavic Pro

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VideoLink lets you share videos on YouTube easily, without distracting third-party content or advertisements.

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VideoLink lets you share videos on YouTube easily, without distracting third-party content or advertisements.

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Music plays an important role in our lives. It raises our mood, makes us excited, relaxed, and calm. It also provides us with a way to express our feelings and emotions. Many of us consider it an approach of getting away from grief, worries, and pain.

Native people, British, Irish, as well as the French, have significantly contributed to the Canadian music traditions and legacy. In this article, we will talk about the most popular music in Canada.

The development of music infrastructures such as chamber halls, church halls, academics, conservatories, record companies, performing arts institutes, television music channels, and radio stations have produced pioneering music, songs, and melodies that are loved by people all over the world. Canadian music artists are very talented who have contributed prodigiously to create popular music genres and subgenres. For instance, rock music, which include punk rock, hard rock, folk rock, country rock, progressive rock, pop rock, and alternative rock.

Most Popular Music Genres in Canada

Basing on a recent stats of music releases in the country, we can say that the most popular music genre in Canada is Alternative rock. It is a clear winner among all the music genres in Canada. A nationwide survey concluded that:

Alternative rock music (21.6%)

Folk music (21.0%_

Pop music (8.0%)

Rock (13.8%)

Rap (4.1%)

Country (6.4%)

Blues (2.8%)

Adult contemporary (3.8%)

World (1.8%)

Other music or songs (4.2%).

Famous Canadian Music Artists

Although the United States is considered a musical hub in the world, it is worth mentioning that Canadian artists are not behind in this race. "Old Guard" Canadian musicians like Neil Young and Celine Dion have passed the musical torch to superstars of the new generation such as Justin Bieber and Drake. Likewise, radio and albums, which are some of the classic musical mediums have revolutionized into new technologies such as digital music and streaming or downloads. Despite the medium and artists, music remains a significant part of the culture in Canada.

Among the most popular artists and bands are The Weeknd, Broken Social Scene, Shawn Mendes, and Arcade Fire. Moreover, Canadians admire playing music on Keyboard, recorder, piano, and electric guitar.

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Canadian Music ᐈ Most Popular Music in Canada 2021

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Music plays an important role in our lives. It raises our mood, makes us excited, relaxed, and calm. It also provides us with a way to express our feelings and emotions. Many of us consider it an approach of getting away from grief, worries, and pain.

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Ice Hockey is an all-year-round sport in Canada at all levels.

There are several things that make Canada unique and interesting. The country's great climate, a strong economy, low crime rate, and its proximity to the US make it one of the best places to visit or live in.

Canadians value several sporting contests not just for fun but also as a means of fostering the country's unity. The wide variety of sporting activities offers perfect opportunities for Canadians to display their talents and to effectively compete with the rest of the world at the international levels.

Article Highlights:

Thus Canada has become a country of variety of games and sports. The country has also shown their dominance in world sports as well as in the Olympic games. It is already known that winter sports in Canada are very much popular all over the world.

Today, Our team have taken an initiative to enlist the top 10 most popular sports in Canada. So, let's find out, what is the most popular sport in Canada?

10) Golf:

Golf was first played in Scotland in the last half of the 15 th century. When the native Scots emigrated to Canada, they took the game of tennis with them, which was better known as "Royal and Ancient Game". The first Canadian golf club was founded in November 1873 and was named as " Montreal Golf Club".

The club was established by the young Scotsman Alexander Dennistoun, who was the first president and the captain of the golf club. Since then, golf began to flourish in Canada and they are now one of the best golf playing nations in the world. Golf has taken the No. 10 place in our list of top 10 most popular sports in Canada.

9) Curling:

Curling is a popular sport in Canada, especially in the Prairie Provinces with several popular teams in the country based in Alberta and Manitoba. Curling in Canada has always been associated with the military and was brought into the country from Scotland.

The men's curling national championship is known as Tim Hortons Brier while the women's championship is called Scotties Tournament of Hearts. The women also participate in this game and the game is one of the most televised women's sport in Canada. The world curling championship has been sponsored by Ford Canada since 1995 and it was known as the Ford World Curling Championship.

8) Basketball:

The root of basketball is firmly embedded in Canada. The modern basketball game was founded by a Canadian, James Naismith, in 1891 while working as a physical education instructor in the US. Several players who took part in the first game came from Canada.

The game is particularly popular in high schools and colleges in Nova Scotia. Professional basketball in the country began in 1946 but gained popularity in 1994 when NBA awarded franchises to Toronto Raptors and Vancouver Grizzlies. Currently, 30 teams participate in the basketball national championship in Canada. Basketball is at No. 8 in our list of top 10 most popular sports in Canada.

7) Rugby:

Rugby was probably introduced in Canada by the Royal Navy in 1823 that also fostered its development in different parts of the country. Although the game disappeared completely from the country, it was re-introduced by the formation of the national team and an armature domestic competition.

The Canadian rugby league hosts several domestic and professional competitions. The rugby union features four regional teams in the championship. The rugby union has attracted over 13,000 senior players and several junior players across the country, especially in British Columbia.

6) Tennis:

Tennis is another popular sport played in Canada. The governing body of Canadian tennis is known as "Tennis Canada". The organization maintains its commitment to developing tennis in Canada by stimulating participation in this game at local, national and international level.

It is interesting to state that, the number of Canadians who play tennis more than four times a year increased from more than 1.2 million in 1998 to nearly 1.7 million in 2001. Among them, 50% are under the age of 25. As a well-known popular sport, tennis ranks at No. 6 in our list of top 10 most popular sports in Canada.

5) Cricket:

Although Canada is not sanctioned to participate in test matches, the national team is allowed to participate in One Day International Matches. The country has had a very competitive women's cricket team and the U-19 that has taken part in three U-19 World Cup events.

Cricket in Canada is governed by the Cricket Canada, founded in 1892. The body organizes domestic inter-provincial games and has also introduced the Scotia Shield U-19 and the National T20 Championship domestic competitions.

4) Baseball:

Baseball has been played in Canada since the beginning and is one of the most popular sports in the country. The oldest baseball park in the world is still in operation in Labatt Park in Ontario. The country has only one Major League, the Toronto Blue Jays.

Several independent league teams also exist in the country and take part in the Can-Am League and the American Association. Baseball in Canada is governed by Baseball Canada based in Ottawa.

3) Soccer:

Soccer has gained popularity in Canada over many years. Although soccer in Canada was played under a variety of rules, the main concept of soccer was there. The first soccer game had taken place in Toronto in October 1876 between two local clubs. The Canadian Women soccer team has succeeded numerous times at an international level. The team qualified for the 2012 London summer Olympics and performed remarkably well throughout the tournament.

They met the favorite United States in the Semi-final and lost the game by 4-3 in the overtime. But, the American win came through some controversial decisions against Canada. However, Canada secured third place with a Bronze medal, defeating France by 1-0. Canada had already organized the 2015 FIFA Women's World cup which lasted for about a month. Soccer ranks 3 rd in the list of top 10 most popular sports in Canada.

2) Lacrosse:

Lacrosse was declared a national game of Canada in 1859 and a summer sport in 1994. It is played by thousands of people across Canada. Lacrosse is governed by the Canadian Lacrosse Association formed in 1925.

There are two professional lacrosse leagues in the country, the National Lacrosse League for the box lacrosse league and the Major League Lacrosse for the field lacrosse league. Canada beat the US 15-10 in the finals of the 2006 World Lacrosse Championship breaking a 28-year US winning streak.

1) Ice Hockey:

Ice hockey is considered to be the most popular sport in Canada, as the sport having been named as the official national sport in Canada. The Canadian Ice hockey league, "National Hockey League (NHL)" is established both in Canada and the United States. Canada has 7 teams currently playing in NHL, namely Calgary, Edmonton, Calgary, Montreal, Toronto, Ottawa, and Winnipeg.

Canada also arranges some strong semi-professional and amateur ice hockey leagues. Ice hockey is governed by the " Hockey Canada". Ice hockey is number one in the list of top 10 most popular sports in Canada.
Other Sports:
You can find facilities for a lot of sports including shooting and archery, rock climbing, powerboat racing, boxing, and Polo.

So this was the list of the top 10 most popular sports in Canada. Feel free to share your opinion in the comments down below and tell us what sport do you like?

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popular sports of canada in the year 2018-19

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Top 10 Most Popular Sports of Canada in the year 2020-21 - Neo Prime Sport

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Ice Hockey is an all-year-round sport in Canada at all levels. There are several things that make Canada unique and interesting. The country's great climate, a strong economy, low crime rate, and its proximity to the US make it one of the best places to visit or live in.

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Mini Documentary Five Sports Invented in Canada

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A mini-documentary narrated by Scott Russell featuring the five sports invented in Canada including basketball, five pin bowling, ringette, lacrosse and wheelchair rugby.