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1.a.What should we do as human beings?

b.What is valuable to a person?

2.The biggest difference between people and animals is that they have thoughts, and from God's point of view, God has given people the function of thinking, which is to help God, to manage the earth, to sort things out, to name things.
3. (1) An example of utilitarianism is someone purchase of a car for his sister. His individual "good" choice benefits all of society. For her to be able to get to and from work, he buys Sally a car.
(2) Defining duties and rights is the essence of deontology. As an example, imagine you have to decide whether to go left or right at a fork in the road. Whatever decision you make at that time must be universalized.
4. There are several reasons why we should consider ethical considerations in social science research:

First, norms promote the aims of research, such as knowledge, truth, and avoidance of error. For example by prohibiting fabrication, falsification, or misrepresentation of research data, the truth is promoted and errors are minimized.

Second, this study explores how research students respond to ethical issues when conducting research in social science.

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1 norms for conduct that distinguish between acceptable and unacceptable behaviour.

2. 2.Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that determines right from wrong by focusing on outcomes. It is a form of consequentialism.On whether smoking is the right thing to do. Smoking increases the overall benefit to society. This is because the high taxation of smokers raises tax revenue for the government and the country, which can be used to develop social welfare such as education and health care; at the same time, smokers drive the tobacco industry and many people can be employed as a result; and more people die earlier due to the increase in smokers, saving the country money on pension benefits and health care. These benefits add up to more than the damage caused by the health risks to smokers.
So, judging by utilitarianism, smoking is a good thing for the country and the people. But it is clearly immoral to promote the idea that smoking is harmful to health.

Deontology is an ethical theory that uses rules to distinguish right from wrong.

3 First, norms promote the goals of research, such as knowledge, truth, and the avoidance of error，Because research often involves a great deal of collaboration and coordination between many different people in different disciplines and institutions, ethical standards are essential to collaboration.Third, many ethical codes help ensure that researchers are accountable to the public. Finally, many research norms promote a variety of other important moral and social values

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1. Research ethics is a codification of scientific morality in practice. Guidelines for research ethics specify the basic norms and values of the research community..
2. Utilitarianism and Deontology
3. U：When individuals are deciding what to do for themselves alone, they consider only their own utility. For example, if you are choosing ice cream for yourself, the utilitarian view is that you should choose the flavor that will give you the most pleasure.
D：the belief that killing someone is wrong, even if it was in self-defense.
4. Ethical consideration has a fundamental importance in conducting any research. It plays an important role, especially in social science. This study is designed to examine the perceptions and practices of research students towards ethical concerns in conducting social sciences research.

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1.Utilitarianism and Deontology
Deontology is patient-centered, whereas utilitarianism is society-centered；Religious Belief,An example of utilitarianism that shows someone making an individual “good” choice that actually benefits the entire population can be seen in Bobby's decision to buy his sister, Sally, a car. Bobby buys Sally the car so that she can get back and forth to work.
2.Because any scientific research is vital in the field of social sciences,There are several reasons why it is important to adhere to ethical norms in research. First, norms promote the aims of research, such as knowledge, truth, and avoidance of error. For example, prohibitions against fabricating, falsifying, or misrepresenting research data promote the truth and minimize error.

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1. Research ethics is a codification of scientific morality in practice.
2. (1)Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that determines right from wrong by focusing on outcomes.
For example, suppose a hospital has four people whose lives depend on receiving organ transplants: hearts, lungs, kidneys, and livers. If a healthy person walks into a hospital, his organs may save four lives at the cost of one. Arguably, this will do the most good for the most people.
(2) Deontology: Deontology is a theory that suggests actions are good or bad according to a clear set of rules.
For example,An example of deontology is the belief that killing someone is wrong, even if it was in self-defense.
3. There are several reasons why it is important to adhere to ethical norms in research. First, norms promote the aims of research, such as knowledge, truth, and avoidance of error. For example, prohibitions against fabricating, falsifying, or misrepresenting research data promote the truth and minimize error.

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1. ‘procedural ethics’- relating to the aspects of compliance in performing research. For example,consent forms need to be completed before the data collection stage.‘ethics in practice’- the everyday ethical issues that com up while doing research
2. Utilitarianism and deontology. In Utilitarianism like lying is generally a wrong act, but in some contexts Utilitarians would consider lying to be right, for example. Deontology emphasises the sanctity of moral duties and responsibilities and the importance of fulfilling them, provided that the act is in accordance with moral rules and the motives are good. An example of this is when A and B have an appointment to meet at a time and place, and when A meets C injured on the way to the appointment, A decides to save C and forgo the appointment.
3.Because ethical lapses in research can seriously harm human and animal subjects, students and the public. For example, researchers who fabricate data in clinical trials can harm or even kill patients, while researchers who do not follow regulations and guidelines relating to radiation or biosafety can endanger their own health and safety or that of their staff and students.

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1. Sociological research ethics is a self-regulatory guide for making decisions and defining careers. Ethics is defined as values and ethics held to during interactions with others during the collection of data and dissemination of survey results

2.Utilitarianism and Deontology

1.Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki

2.If you make a promise, you must keep it. For example, you might borrow money to pay back a loan on a promise that you don't intend to pay back. Therefore, making false promises is considered wrong.

3. Some ethical considerations include over-involvement of researchers, confidentiality of data, the need to maintain anonymity of participants, and problems arising from misunderstandings of research results.

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1. Moral norms that are in common sense in social science research.
2. Utilitarianism and Deontology.
Example for utilitarianism: smoking kills but it brings lots of taxes, therefore the government allow it.
Example of deontology: stealing is wrong, cheating is wrong, lying is wrong. Therefore people do thing around these principle without considering the consequences.
3. Any study project must take ethical considerations into account. It is crucial, especially in the field of social science. The purpose of this study is to look into the perspectives and behaviors of research students when it comes to ethical concerns in social science research.