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Competition - Sea to Source - Conservation Volunteers Australia

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Competition - Sea to Source - Conservation Volunteers Australia

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If interested in doing a video or poster to raise awareness about plastics in the ocean, we might also like to submit it as part of this competition!

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#SeaToSource Schools Video & Poster Competition - Conservation Volunteers Australia

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The #SeaToSource video and poster competition is a chance to share your passion for marine life and a pollution free world, and win!

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#SeaToSource Schools Video & Poster Competition

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Questions/reflections:
What was the goal of this video? What do you think is effective about this film? Why? What strategies or techniques are they using to help persuade people to sign the bill to ban plastic bags?

Fun fact: Who do you think the narrator of this film is? (Hint: it's a character from the original Lion King film)

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OFFICIAL SELECTION 2011 SUNDANCE FILM FESTIVAL

Narrated by Academy Award-winner Jeremy Irons, this "mockumentary" video, hammers home the stark reality of California's plastic bag pollution situation.

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Research about plastic pollution entering Port Phillip Bay conducted by the EcoCentre.
1 billion items of plastic enter the bay every year
80% of these items are microplastics (smaller than 5mm)

Questions/reflections:
What do you think the most common plastic items are? Take a walk down the street or at the beach - what items do you notice? Do you see any microplastics (pieces smaller than 5mm)? What impact do you think these items have on marine life?

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Plastic pollution is currently one of Victoria's largest threats to waterway health. It is a well-documented hazard to marine life in Port Phillip Bay as well as human health and the economy, including tourism.

Clean Bay Blueprint sought to build on the previous success of our Litter Hotspots project, Turn off the Tap, by continuing litter research to provide sound scientific evidence to inform positive change for the environment.

We did this by:

Continuing our monthly microplastics trawls in the Yarra and Maribyrnong Rivers with the Yarra Riverkeeper Association. We collected 5.5 years worth of data in total. When we started this project, it was the first of its kind in Australia.

Collaborating with various community groups around the Bay to conduct Baykeeper Beach Litter Audits on 6 Baykeeper reference sites around the Bay.

Collaborating with Dolphin Research Institute, which conducted litter audits with school groups as part of their education program, and the RMIT Plastics Lab, which analysed caught microplastics for polymer type.

Collaborating with over 50 organisations throughout the life of the project, to work towards our shared goals.

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Clean Bay Blueprint | Our Community Programs | EcoCentre

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Plastic pollution is currently one of Victoria's largest threats to waterway health. It is a well-documented hazard to marine life in Port Phillip Bay as well as human health and the economy, including tourism.

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Have we discovered all the species under the ocean? 

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Have we discovered all the species under the ocean? 

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Lots of species in the ocean that I thought were friendly really hate each other and they try to eat each other

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Lots of species in the ocean that I thought were friendly really hate each other and they try to eat each other

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Was the ocean always the same depth? Or was it once hills or forests?

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Was the ocean always the same depth? Or was it once hills or forests?

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There is this huge stingray who has been living next to the pier for years.

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There is this huge stingray who has been living next to the pier for years.

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My question is why is this stingray so drawn to his area?

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As in the sea.
We are destroying the sea and not even giving it a second glance.

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The ocean 🌊 covers 2/3 of our earth and so much is un explored 

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The ocean 🌊 covers 2/3 of our earth and so much is un explored 

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Have a session that's about sustainability at our school so we can teach students about why its important to care for our land.

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Have a session that's about sustainability at our school so we can teach students about why its important to care for our land.

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the whole school needs to be educated on climate change not just the green team

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Educate the younger students on climate change and run programs for the foundations such as going to the pier and seeing what creatures we can see so we can encourage them to be interested in the natural environment

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Educate the younger students on climate change and run programs for the foundations such as going to the pier and seeing what creatures we can see so we can encourage them to be interested in the natural environment

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Why is the great barrier reef so much bigger than any other reef in the world?

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Why is the great barrier reef so much bigger than any other reef in the world?

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Why do we exist and why are we trashing the planet?

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Why do we exist and why are we trashing the planet?

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The 5s and 6s do a litter audit every term

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The 5s and 6s do a litter audit every term

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It would mean doing citizen science and it would educate us on how much plastic is on the beaches nearby

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Create a recycling hub at school to make our school community rethink waste and its affects on our bay/oceans. Include a recycled artwork to highlight the need to care for our Earth.

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Create a recycling hub at school to make our school community rethink waste and its affects on our bay/oceans. Include a recycled artwork to highlight the need to care for our Earth.

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Which of the 1300 species in Port Phillip are not found anywhere else in the world?

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Which of the 1300 species in Port Phillip are not found anywhere else in the world?

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We definitely have not discovered all the species we haven’t even discovered most of the ocean

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My friend and I have swam in human poo

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2 twice a year 3-6es do a beach clean up

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2 twice a year 3-6es do a beach clean up

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can you just remove the suctions on the bottom of the star fish so they can move and survive for long

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can you just remove the suctions on the bottom of the star fish so they can move and survive for long

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Audrey's Google Doc - Sustainability Facts

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Audrey's Google Doc - Sustainability Facts

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Create a new document and edit with others at the same time -- from your computer, phone or tablet. Get stuff done with or without an internet connection. Use Docs to edit Word files. Free from Google.

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Noodlebugz Podcast - Fam Charko, Marine Biologist talking about Port Phillip Bay

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Noodlebugz Podcast - Fam Charko, Marine Biologist talking about Port Phillip Bay

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Fam Charko is the Marine Biologist at the Port Phillip EcoCentre. Sheldon King of Noodlebugz is a young podcaster who interviews people about the natural world

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Scroll down to get an idea of how deep the oceans really are!

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Scroll down to get an idea of how deep the oceans really are!

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https://neal.fun/deep-sea/

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No sunlight is able to reach this deep.

Many deep-sea creatures cope by creating light themselves - also known as bioluminescence.

Narwhals dive to this depth up to 15 times a day in search for food.

The Japanese Spider Crab is the largest known crab with a maximum leg span of 3.8m.

Coelacanths were thought to be extinct until found alive in 1938.

Leatherback Sea Turtles are the oldest sea turtle species.

Giant Oarfish can grow up to 11m long.

Sixgill Sharks spend the day in deep waters and the night in shallow waters. They can be found all over the world.

Telescope Octopus are almost completely transparent and have unique protruding eyes.

Barreleye Fish have a transparent head that allows their eyes to collect more light.

Black Swallowers can swallow entire fish whole - even those vastly larger than themselves!

Vampire Squids eat marine snow - organic material that falls from shallower waters.

Headless Chicken Fish are sea cucumbers with wing-like fins that allow them to swim.

Colossal Squid are the largest known squid species. They can reach a length of 10 meters and weigh up to 700 kg.

The Orange Roughy can live up to 200 years. Deep sea life often have elongated life spans.

Meals are rare in the deep sea. Deep sea creatures have adapted to this - one Giant Isopod in captivity went five years without eating.

Many deep sea species use the color red as camouflage since it's the first color to leave the spectrum as you dive deeper.

Goblin Sharks are known as "living fossils" because they're the only living species of a lineage that has existed for 125 million years.

Is it a squid, or a worm? It's a worm.

Sea Angels are majestic sea slugs that use wings to propel themselves.

The Scaly-Foot Snail gets its name from the iron plates on its foot and the iron shell it makes out of Iron Sulphide.

Anglerfish have a large bioluminescent lure used to attract prey in the darkness.

Giant Tube Worms get their nutrients from hydrothermal vents.

Hydrothermal vents are formed from seawater passing through extremely hot volcanic rocks. They release heavy metals that are toxic to most animals.

But even in those extreme conditions specialized life finds a way to survive.

Yeti Crabs live on hydrothermal vents.

This is the average depth of the ocean.

But in some places it goes deeper.

Cuvier's Beaked Whales are the deepest diving mammals.

On April 14th, 1912 the Titanic sank to its final resting place at a depth of 3,800 meters.

This is the deepest point of the Manila Trench in the South China Sea.

Patagonian Toothfish have antifreeze proteins in its tissues to prevent freezing in sub zero temperatures.

Megamouth sharks are one of the largest growing shark species with some reaching 7 meters long.

The temperature here is near freezing and very few animals can survive the extreme pressure.

This shark takes cookie-shaped chunks out of its prey.

You have scrolled the height of Mount Everest.

Comb Jellies have been around for 500 million years. Despite looking like jellyfish, they are not closely related.

This is the lowest point of the Puerto Rico Trench.

This is the deepest point of the Java Trench in the Indian Ocean.

The USS Johnston sank in WWII and is the deepest shipwreck ever found.

More people have been to the Moon than the Hadal Zone.

Most of the Hadal Zone takes place in deep sea trenches.

Deep sea trenches form by a process called "subduction" where the Earth's tectonic plates meet and push together.

The deep sea can be a lonely place.

Life here is sparse - the extreme conditions make survival difficult.

But still not impossible.

So little is known about life in these deep environments. Almost every expedition uncovers something new.

Many probes and submarines have been lost trying to reach the deepest parts of the ocean.

On January 23rd, 1960, about 9 years before the moon landing, humans went where they never had before.

Two men, Jacques Piccard and Don Walsh, onboard the submarine Trieste slowly descended into the Mariana Trench.

Their goal was to reach The Challenger Deep - the deepest point in the ocean.

The submarine used a re-breather system that would later be used in spacecraft. There was barely enough space inside the pressure sphere for both of them.

The immense pressure of the deep sea means any mistake would mean certain death.

During the descent, one of the window panes cracked and shook the entire vessel.

Nevertheless, they continued.

Even at these unfathomable depths, Jacques and Don could still see life out the window. Life can survive unimaginable environments.

After 4 hours and 47 minutes of anxiety and claustrophobia...

They succeeded and became the first humans to reach the deepest point in the ocean.

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An interactive page that lets you scroll down the ocean. Visit the great depths of the Mariana Trench and discover all the sea creatures hidden beneath.

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A keystone species is an organism that helps hold the system together. Without its keystone species, ecosystems would look very different. Some ecosystems might not be able to adapt to environmental changes if their keystone species disappeared. That could spell the end of the ecosystem, or it could allow an invasive species to take over and dramatically shift the ecosystem in a new direction.

In this article, it explains the three types of keystone species we may find: predators, ecosystem engineers or mutualists

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In any arrangement or community, the "keystone" is considered one of the most vital parts. In a marine ecosystem, or any type of ecosystem, a keystone species is an organism that helps hold the system together. Without its keystone species, ecosystems would look very different. Some ecosystems might not be able to adapt to environmental changes if their keystone species disappeared. That could spell the end of the ecosystem, or it could allow an invasive species to take over and dramatically shift the ecosystem in a new direction.

Since a keystone species is not a formal designation, scientists may debate which plants or animals in a particular ecosystem deserve the title. Some wildlife scientists say the concept oversimplifies one animal or plant's role in complex food webs and habitats. On the other hand, calling a particular plant or animal in an ecosystem a keystone species is a way to help the public understand just how important one species can be to the survival of many others.

There are three types of keystone species cited by many scientists: predators, ecosystem engineers, and mutualists.
Predators
Predators help control the populations of prey species, which in turn affects the quantity of plants and animals further along the food web. Sharks, for example, often prey upon old or sick fish, leaving healthier animals to flourish. Simply by their presence near sea grass beds, sharks are able to keep smaller animals from overgrazing and wiping out the grass. Scientists in Australia observed that when tiger sharks were not near the grass beds, sea turtles-among tiger sharks' favorite prey-tended to decimate them. But when tiger sharks patrolled the grass beds, the sea turtles were forced to graze across a much wider region.
Ecosystem Engineers
An ecosystem engineer is an organism that creates, changes, or destroys a habitat. There is perhaps no clearer example of a keystone engineer than the beaver. River ecosystems rely on beavers to take down old or dead trees along riverbanks to use for their dams. This allows new, healthier trees to grow in abundance. The dams divert water in rivers, creating wetlands that allow a variety of animals and plants to thrive.
Mutualists
When two or more species in an ecosystem interact for each other's benefit, they are called mutualists. Bees are a primary example of this. As bees take the nectar from flowers, they collect pollen and spread it from one flower to the next, enhancing the odds of fertilization and greater flower growth. Nectar and pollen are also the primary food sources for the bees themselves.

Some scientists identify other categories of keystone species. One alternate list includes predators, herbivores, and mutualists. Another cites predators, mutualists, and competitors for resources.

Keystone species can also be plants. Mangrove trees, for instance, serve a keystone role in many coastlines by firming up shorelines and reducing erosion. They also provide a safe haven and feeding area for small fish among their roots, which reach down through the shallow water.

In many cases, the vital role of a keystone species in an ecosystem is not fully appreciated until that species is gone. Ecologist Robert Paine, who coined the term "keystone species" in the 1960s, observed the importance of such species in a study of starfish along the rocky Pacific coastline in Washington state. The starfish fed on mussels, which kept the mussel population in check and allowed many other species to thrive. When the starfish were removed from the area as part of an experiment, the mussel population swelled and crowded out other species. The biodiversity of the ecosystem was drastically reduced. Payne's study showed that identifying and protecting keystone species can help preserve the population of many other species.

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Keystone Species | National Geographic Society

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In any arrangement or community, the "keystone" is considered one of the most vital parts. In a marine ecosystem, or any type of ecosystem, a keystone species is an organism that helps hold the system together. Without its keystone species, ecosystems would look very different.

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producing young by means of eggs which are hatched after they have been laid by the parent, as in birds.

Ben used this term when talking about the Port Jackson Shark eggs

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The Bay filled with water 10,000 years ago and the BoonWurrung people have stories of this time

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The Bay filled with water 10,000 years ago and the BoonWurrung people have stories of this time

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The BoonWurrung Story of the flooding of Port Phillip Bay is known as The Time of Chaos

The Bay is 20,000 square kilometres

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You can use this resource to explore the different species (and find out about them) in the Bay!

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Introduction to habitats in Port Phillip

Port Phillip Bay's unique form creates a wide range of underwater habitats, homes to a rich diversity of marine plants and animals. Some of the bay's rich marine life is visible from above water, in the form of seabirds seals and dolphins. However, few Victorians realise how spectacular the bay is underwater.

The rich marine life in Port Phillip Bay has attracted many marine biologists. Over the past two centuries hundreds of new species of animals and plants have been described from this one region. Creatures new to science are still being discovered today.

Dr. Mark Norman has been diving in this bay for 25 years, studying its fishes, octopuses and other marine animals.

"I think the most amazing thing about Port Phillip Bay is this huge array of marine life and habitat types in just one small area. It's got everything. It's got seagrass meadows, kelp forests, sponge gardens, sand plains and shear rock walls covered in anemones and corals. Elsewhere you'd have to travel hundreds of kilometres to find that sort of diversity."

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Introduction to habitats in Port Phillip Port Phillip Bay's unique form creates a wide range of underwater habitats, homes to a rich diversity of marine plants and animals. Some of the bay's rich marine life is visible from above water, in the form of seabirds seals and dolphins.

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https://earthcarestkilda.org.au/get-involved/northern-pacific-seastar-removal/

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Not all the marine life residing in Port Phillip Bay is good for the environment and the Northern Pacific Seastar is a good example of how one species can do much to damage the native marine environment.

The Northern Pacific Seastar ( Asterias amuensis) has five arms with pointed tips and is mottled yellow and purple in colour. It is native to the north-eastern Pacific, around Japan, Korea, Russia and China. The Northern Pacific Seastar was discovered in Port Phillip Bay in 1995, where it has been introduced in the ballast from container ships from the Northern Pacific and is now widespread.

The colour variance of the Northern Pacific Seastar.

While it is not currently possible to rid the Bay of this exotic species, you can help minimise its impact on other native marine fauna.

Since 2008, Earthcare St Kilda has been removing these Northern Pacific seastars from the seagrass beds in St Kilda Harbour. This activity has expanded to include removal at Brighton Sea Baths, starting in 2012.

Once a month, volunteers attempt to minimise the impact of Northern Pacific Seastars on the native habitat in the St Kilda harbour and near Brighton Sea Baths - homes to our own native seastars and Rakali - by removing these exotic seastars by hand.

The Water Team consists of volunteer licensed divers, snorkelers and people who are willing to wade to pick out any Northern Pacific Seastars sighted by hand. Divers and snorkelers should wear wetsuits, and booties and suitable footwear for all Water Team members is highly recommended to protect against cuts and stings.

A second Land Based Team assist in the counting, weighing and measuring of seastars removed.

2020 Northern Pacific Seastar Removal Programme

We have suspended this activity due to the outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and will resume when health authorities advise that it is safe to do so.

Further Details

Although Earthcare holds permits for St Kilda, Brighton, Port Melbourne and Wyndham Harbour, these dates are all for St Kilda as it still seems to be the place to be if you are a Northern Pacific Seastar! We will be on the lookout in case a constellation of seastars forms in other places, so the location could change with short notice.

This activity is open to both members of Earthcare St Kilda and local residents.

For further information and to register for this activity, please email us.

Please note this activity may be cancelled at short notice.

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Not all the marine life residing in Port Phillip Bay is good for the environment and the Northern Pacific Seastar is a good example of how one species can do much to damage the native marine environment. The Northern Pacific Seastar ( Asterias amuensis) has five arms with pointed tips and is mottled yellow and purple in colour.

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You can use this app from the Melbourne Museum to help you identify different species that live in Victoria, including marine species. Enjoy!

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Explore Victoria's unique and diverse wildlife at home or in the great outdoors with Museums Victoria's free Field Guide app.

Available for both Apple and Android devices, the app holds descriptions of over 950 species, including birds, mammals, fishes, reptiles, frogs and invertebrates from terrestrial, freshwater and marine environments.

Field Guide to Victorian Fauna app shown on Android (right) and iPad and iPhone (left)

The app combines detailed animal descriptions with stunning imagery, as well as animal calls, distribution maps, conservation status, butterfly flight times, frog calling times and depth information for marine species.

We've put in a lot of species, but it's still a fraction of the complete fauna of Victoria. Our scientists will continue to add additional species and refine descriptions over time.

Part of a set

The Field Guide to Victorian Fauna app is now part of a set: there is now a Field Guide app for each state and territory in Australia. Check them out on our Field Guide apps to Australian Fauna page.

Support and enquires

If you are having problems with the app the frequently asked questions page is a good place to start. For enquiries about this app, or any of the Field Guide to Australian fauna apps, please contact us.

Open source code

Museums Victoria has released both the source code for the iOS app and the source code for the Android app under an open source license.

Images and sound recordings

The images and sounds within the app are from Museums Victoria's collections as well as sourced from external photographers and sound recordists.

If you would like to use any media in the app, please refer to our image and audio credits page.

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Explore Victoria's unique and diverse wildlife at home or in the great outdoors with Museums Victoria's free Field Guide app. Available for both Apple and Android devices, the app holds descriptions of over 950 species, including birds, mammals, fishes, reptiles, frogs and invertebrates from terrestrial, freshwater and marine environments.

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https://www.nationalgeographic.org/media/wolves-yellowstone/

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For information on user permissions, please read our Terms of Service. If you have questions about how to cite anything on our website in your project or classroom presentation, please contact your teacher. They will best know the preferred format. When you reach out to them, you will need the page title, URL, and the date you accessed the resource.

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Text

Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service.

Interactives

Any interactives on this page can only be played while you are visiting our website. You cannot download interactives.

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Gray wolves were reintroduced into Yellowstone National Park in 1995, resulting in a trophic cascade through the entire ecosystem. After the wolves were driven extinct in the region nearly 100 years ago, scientists began to fully understand their role in the food web as a keystone species.

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I found this clip capturing the world’s biggest poo! I’m curious to know why it’s this colour?!

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I found this clip capturing the world’s biggest poo! I’m curious to know why it’s this colour?!

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"Their poo is a key nutrient for the ocean environment which essentially creates 'pastures' for small fish and krill to feed on.”

"It's a really amazing cycle because the whales need krill to eat, the krill need algae, the algae are feeding on the iron and the nutrients that have been pooed out by the whales."

“It’s perfectly disgusting!”

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Captured on film, is this the world’s biggest poo? Blue-whale watchers say it’s ‘incredible’

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The bowel movements of the largest creature on Earth have been filmed by a drone and researchers say it can help piece together missing information of their once-mysterious behaviour.

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9000kg of plastic recently removed from the ocean!

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9000kg of plastic recently removed from the ocean!

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https://mymodernmet.com/ocean-cleanup-system-jenny/

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The Ocean Cleanup Successfully Hauls 20,000 Pounds of Plastic From the Pacific Ocean

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The Ocean Cleanup’s goal is to remove 90% of the ocean’s floating plastic by 2040. With their latest clean-up system, they are working towards that ambitious target.

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The Ocean Cleanup Successfully Hauls 20,000 Pounds of Plastic From the Pacific Ocean

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Project envisioned and designed by a boy, Oyan Blat, when he was just a teenager. The technology he designed has now been tested and proved effective. Their goal is to clear the ocean of 90% of floating plastics by 2040. This does not collect microplastics but is still a huge and exciting project!

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How we will rid the oceans of plastic - Boyan Slat | LIVE | The Ocean Cleanup

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this Competition is due on November the third

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Our poster competition for National Recycling Week is open now for primary school children. This is a great opportunity for our young people to use their artistic talent to share their knowledge about recycling and help our City.

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Primary school artists wanted for National Recycling Week

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Our poster competition for National Recycling Week is open now for primary school children. This is a great opportunity for our young people to use their artistic talent to share their knowledge about recycling and help our City.

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Bins can overflow and then the plastic and items can be free to fly into the ocean and travel through many different water sources.
We can add lots more bins along the beach and try to encourage people to stop littering.

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Encouraging port Phillip council to put QR codes on our bins  so they know when there full.

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Encouraging port Phillip council to put QR codes on our bins  so they know when there full.

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This is different micro plastic before they get melted down into objects and they can fly everywhere and can be very difficult to catch. They also might be ruined in the process and be no longer able to be of use. Which will be put into landfill and make the population so much bigger.

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For the class sushi every class should have their own sushi bottle instead of these:

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For the class sushi every class should have their own sushi bottle instead of these: