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Yesterday class i learnt;
1) O&G industry sector consists of three parts upstream, middle stream and downstream
2) Types of offshore platforms (Fixed and Floating)
3) Potential and job career in oil and gas industry
4) Emerging of technologies in oil and gas industry
5) Evolution of energy
-Nasrin

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the introduction on offshore industries,
1. what is crude oil and the byproduct.
2. the industries in downstream, midstream, upstream.
3. The types of platform fixed platforms, and the drawback of fixed platform
4. The type of floating platform, FPSO,SPAR, Tension Leg Platform.
5. Activities in upstream, midstream, downstream
6. Forecast on the oil demand
7. The future trend of Energy Transition and Digital Transformation
8. The technologies such as AI, IOT, Electronic monitering, Drones, Big Data, ANYmal
9. Decarbonization of oil and gas company,

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Covered on the Introduction to Oil and Gas Industry, which is considered a major sector in term of dollar value globally due to its significant contribution to a nation's GDP.
The main product of the the Oil and Gas Industry is the crude oil, which is the unrefined raw product procured by the industry. The crude oil is a mixture of multiple hydrocarbons that exists in the natural underground reservoirs, and can be processed into many other products such as jet fuels, diesel, car fuels, plastics, asphalts, and many more.
The O&G (Oil and Gas) Industry is divided into 3 sectors: The Upstream, Midstream, and Downstream.  The upstream sector involve the E&P (exploration and production), where the sites of oil well are explored and determined whether it is economically beneficial or not. The upstream also includes the set up of oil rig platforms, drilling, pumping, and extraction of the crude oil. Midstream covers the transportation of the crude oil and its related products. Since crude oil may consist different properties such as presence of highly corrosive sulfur content or gaseous methane in the crude oil, proper handling knowledge and process is needed. The transportation means in the midstream sector varies from oil tanker ships to pipelines to tanker trucks. Downstream is where the processing, and refining of the crude oil into finalized products, to distribution and marketing of said final product. Among products of petroleum includes the vehicle fuel such as petrol (gasoline) and diesel, jet fuel and kerosene, plastics, asphalt, cooking fuel (butane), lubricants, and many more.
Also learned about types of offshore platform rigs. Can be categorised into two types: 1. Fixed platforms, and 2. Floating platforms. Floating platforms cost slightly more expensive compared to the fixed platforms, but floating platforms (especially the FPSO (Floating Production Storage and Offloading)) are more cost effective than fixed platforms in the long run due to its versatility and flexibility in converting current ship into suitable vessel for its job, and more.
Two main priorities that should be focused for the future of new energies sector are: 1. Energy Transition and 2. Digital Transformation.  The energy transition focuses on looking for better energy alternatives compared to the current ones (non-renewable energies). The digital transformation focuses on implementing digital and remote operation to workplaces, this can include increasing automations and robotics in different sectors. But this does not mean the human will no longer be needed to work, but rather, the digital transformation aims to improve workplace safety and work efficiency. Among the examples of the digital transformation shared today is the case study from oil platform Resak: the platform is aiming to be the first platform that operates 100% remotely through automation.
The big question of WHY the need of transition to using the renewable energy are due to the multiple drawbacks of using these non-renewable energies such as the global warming, greenhouse effects caused by excessive amount of carbon dioxides released, increased sea level, acid rain, and many more. Also, long-term oil demand forecast shows the ever increasing demand for more oil as non-renewable energy yet the global oil supply will decrease (which further highlight the need for finding better and more sustainable energy).
The good news is that instead of having to start over in building infrastructures for utilizing the renewable energies such as wind energy and solar energy, we can use the already available structures used for non-renewable energy like the oil rigs and repurpose them into a renewable energy platforms.

-Khairul Hafiz

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Today I learned new knowledges about oil and gas industry. First, crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbon that form from plants and animals. The source of petroleum can be from crude oil, coal, natural gas and biomass. Basically, there are 3 types of sector in oil and gas industry which are upstream, midstream and downstream. Upstream is like a process of exploration to find to the source of oil while for midstream is a transportation, storage and processing of oil and gas and downstream refer to oil refining, supply & trading. Next, I learned about the types of fixed platform and characteristics of their construction which are conventional fixed platforms, compliant towers and gravity-based structures. Then, I am able to determine the meaning of subsea structures which is underwater construction on seabed for supporting connection systems, piping and valve. Next, for the spar platforms it is a floating platforms and operating in vertical. There are 3 types of spar which are classic, truss and cell. Then, for future technologies there 2 important things that need to be consider such as energy transition and digital transformation. Lastly, I learned about energy transition for upcoming 30 years fossil fuel will be decrease and the renewable energy sources will be increase.

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Today’s class focus on the introduction to Oil & Gas Industry. This class helps participants to have a better understanding on oil & gas industry sectors which includes;

-          Upstream: Extraction and production;

-          Midstream: Transportation, storage, and processing of oil and gas

-          Downstream: processing, transporting and selling refined products made from crude oil.

A part from that, participants were able to Identify some of the product of petroleum such as gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, heating oil and asphalt for roads. I also learned on some of the unfamiliar products of petroleum which includes lubricants, synthetics rubber, plastic, fertilizers and pesticides.

To broaden our knowledge in this Industry, we were briefly explained on the different types of Offshore structures and its facilities. It is important to choose the right types of platforms whether it is a fixed platform or floating platform (FPSO, SPAR, Tension Leg Platform, Semi Submersibles, depending on the location of that particular field. For that, to have a deep understanding on this issue, we were given a case study on Kikeh’s Development to be summarized.

This class also helps participants to be more aware on current state of O&G Industry. Despite the deteriorating demand in fossil fuels over the next 30 years, OGSE players can still continue its operation by venturing into renewable energy, also refer to energy transition and digitalization.

-Adila-

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I think Dr. Carol provide us with excellent insights into the O&G industry sector and let us think and decide about what should we pursue after this onwards. This is good because I can see sekelumit light at the end of the tunnel. From Dr. Carol talk, I gain the basic platforms knowledge that is usually used and it is quite useful for us to identify all the different kinds of platforms that we have in Malaysia. Next, we talk about energy transition and digitalization in the energy sector especially the O&G industry. I perceive energy transition as a tool for humans to achieve low carbon emission and reduce the impact of climate change that could be a threat to our beautiful and green world, so this should be supported by all countries from all around the world and us as a grateful human being. If we could reduce the consumption of fossils fuels and coal, pay more attention towards venturing more into renewable energy (as this program PENJANA is all about), believe me, we can provide our children and the next2 generation a better place and something good to breathe.

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Today i got new knowledge about renewable energy and offshore which is include crude oil and petroleum. Industry sector - upstreams,midstream and downstream. Next, I also learned about the type of platforms. Fixed platform, they stand on legs of steel or concrete that are piled into the sea floor. SPAR platform which is cylindrical buoys to remain float and also TLP .

Other than that, emerging technologies such as Bike inspection robot, ANYmal and drones that controlled from land. Reduction in operational risk to site workers and can save costs.

Lastly, energy transition. fossil fuel demand will decline over the next 30 years meanwhile renewable sources demand increases.

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From today lecture:

- got an initial idea of the oil and gas industry which is uncovering oil and gas industry, industry sector and oil and gas outlook and the future.

- gain knowledge about three types of sectors (upstream, midstream and downstream)

- learned about fixed and floating platform.

- there is three types of fixed platform which is conventional, compliant towers and gravity-based structures.

- example of floating platform like FPSO, SPAR and tension leg platform, jack-ups and semi-submersible units.

- for energy transition, demand for fossil fuels sees a declined over the next 30 years.

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Muhammad Tariq Bin Maamor

Today was a straight-forward introduction about the Oil & Gas Industry. Through this, we were exposed about the current leading companies in the field and the 3 major components of the offshore industry, mainly:
1) Upstream (Extraction & Production)
2) Midstream (Transportation)
3) Downstream (Refinement & Distribution)

We also learned how PETRONAS is leading the offshore sector of Malaysia and are considering the usage of renewable energy for the sector.

To further strengthen our understanding, we were tasked to prepare a summary regarding a case study of Kikeh, the first major deepwater platform carried out in Malaysia. From here, we were given a brief explanation on the many different platform types (depending on water depth) which happen to be the fixed platform and floating platform

Finally, we were told that the O&G industry have been making strides in improving the sector on two vital points:
1) Utilization of Renewable Energy
2)Digitalization (Usage of remote control/AI)

These advances were pursued in response to the COP 26, the Paris Agreement and SDGs.

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Norfatin Atika

Lesson learnt :
- O&G sectors consists of upstream, midstream and downstream. By understanding these, I can figure out on where to pursue my career based on my study field.

- There are several types of rigs used for different depth of water.

- There are emerging technology such as ANYmal which help to reduce risk to site workers and reduce in activity cost.

- Demand for fossil fuels will decline over the next 30 years.

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Today is about introduction in oil and gas. What is crude oil and their product after process. Eg. Diesel,fuel oil, kerosene, and bitumen. Then, i learn about upstream, midstream and downstream, which are the all process start from finding a well until the consumer buy the product. Next, the future of oil and gas industry. What will happen in the next 20-30 years. Lastly, oil and gas platforms which are fixed and portable. The pros and cons between them and so on.

P/s i enjoy the first day and i love on how Dr present/lecture. Macam tiber tapi takpe lah. Fighting!

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Summary W1L1

1) Crude oil: mixture of hydrocarbons that exists in liquid form in underground from dead plants and animals from billion years ago.
2) Petroleum products are coal, natural gas and biomass.
3) Industry Sectors
-Upstream: Exploration and Production process.
-Midstream: storage, oil and gas process, and transportation.
-Downstream: refining crude oil and purifying natural gas, petrochemical productions, distribution to consumers, marketing products.
4) Offshore platforms
- Floating: anchor to seabed. portable. used when water depth >500m.
- Fixed: shallow-water rigs, attached to seafloor water depth <500m. Has air gap so that wave not overtop tower. Fatigue loads are considered. Jacket platform. Compliant tower. Drawbacks: different height design for different sea water level. non-portable. seabed subsidence.
5) FPSO - ship used to process and store oil and gas. portable.
6) SPAR- floating oil platform, use cylindrical buoy to remain afloat.
7) Tension Leg Platforms: buoyant platforms kept stable by high-tension moorings.
8) CO2 release in atmosphere that can produce climate change from greenhouse effect, melts the iceberg, increase sea water level.
9) Future technologies
-Energy transition
-Digital transformation
10) Emerging technologies
-AI (BIKE, ANYmal)
-IoT
-Electronic monitoring
-Drones
-Big Data Analytics
10) Energy transition timeline : fossil fuel demand decline in 30 years, renewable sources demand increases.

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Today i get new knowledges about introduction to oil and gas industries. The new thing that I get is 3 types of sector which is upstream, mildstream, downstream. For upstream was about industries sector while mildstream was about transportation and for downstream was about production and usage. Secondly, I also learned about type of platform. In this sector, they had fixed platform and floating platform. Other than that, I might to know a company that involve in oil and gas industries which help me for looking a job

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Based on todays reflection, I gain knowledge about oil and gas industry about the sector provided which is upstreams,midstream and also downstreams. Upstreams sector focus on oil and gas exploration while for midtreams focus on transport and storage. Then for downstreams it more focus on product preparation and usage. Other than that I also gain a knowledge about how the product extracted, offshore platform which consist of fixed platform and tension leg platform. Moreover I also get to know the companies that involved in oil and gas industry which helps me in job opportunity based on field that learned from university.

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Today I learned new knowledge about the renewable eergy, oil and gas and offshore sector. From this lecture, I knew there are three kinds of industry sector which is upstream, midstream and downstream. Based on the course that I took before, I knew which sector that suitable with me and my capabilities and which one should I choose in future. From this also I learned about the offshore sector that and how the product were extracted.

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At the end of the lecture, I have understood more clearly about:

-the industry sector in OnG: upstream (produce the crude oil) midstream (transportation and store) downstream (for the final product and usage)

-the fabrication and installation of SPAR as well as the tension leg platform, TLP

-the overview facilities from Malaysia of each sector wherein upstream they have 378 offshore platforms.

-the applied technologies for the maintenance of the offshore platform where it is by using drones and ANYmal.

-the energy transition from fossil fuel energy to renewable energy such as the use of the large scale photovoltaic (PV), solar energy.

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Able to know more details about crude oils and petroleum product. Crude oil is a raw materials from dead animals and plants meanwhile petroleum product is the product of crude oil after being distilled.

Able to understand about the sector in O&G which is downstream, midstream and upstream. Upstream is where the process of exploration and production, meanwhile midstream is the process of transportation and downstream is the refining process.

Other than that, i also able to identify type of platforms in O&G such as fixed platform, floating, SPAR and TPL.

Lastly, i am also able to know companies involved in O& G from the upstream process until refining process.

-Najah-

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For reflection, I want to highlight several points about what I had learned for Day 1.

1)     Vast of sectors in Oil & Gas Industry and The Players
After finding out about the Upstream, Midstream, and Downstream sectors, did give me some insight on what and where to pursue my career as there are many options such as design and project management/deliverance at different oil & gas companies.

2)     Introduction to how’s the product extracted.

As mentioned during the class, we need to know what we want to extract from the well to decide the exploration method. This includes the type of platform that will be used for the project; either fixed or floating platform (FPSO, SPAR, Tension Leg Platform, Semi Submersibles).

3)     Oil & Gas Outlook & Future

The oil & Gas sector is considered one of the high-value industries around the world and will be constantly in demand in a long-term period. However, based on the forecast, the supply of non-renewable energy will decrease. Hence, there are suggestions to fulfill the demand in the future by introducing renewable energy sources and implementation of digital transformation.

In conclusion, the Oil & Gas Industry is still relevant for us to join and create our career path but at the same time, it will be better if we can be involved in the new energy sector in order for us to excel in the future.

-Nabeela-

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Today’s lecture was about introduction to oil and gas industry. I learned the difference in oil and gas sectors which are upstream, midstream and downstream. Upstream sectors mainly focused on identify and produce the crude oil while midstream is about transporting the raw crude oil to the downstream. Preparation of crude oil happens in the downstream where the final product will distribute to the market.

The next point of the lecture includes exposure to different types of offshore structure such as fixed and floating platform and their functions. Other than that, I was equipped with the knowledge of current oil and gas situation and what are the possibilities to improve the industry in the future. Digital transformation is one of the strategies for oil and gas development in a way that technology helps to operate the tasks efficiently compared to any other conventional method. Other than that, energy transition plays a key role in introducing more renewable energy to the industry.

-naima-

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Lesson learnt
- Basic understanding of Oil & Gas Industry such as;
+ top leading companies
+ source & by products
+ 3 different sectors that each require different major & skill sets
+ different type of facility that can be use during fossil fuel extraction depending on several factors
+ list of companies operated in Malaysia that provide services in Midstream sector.

- PETRONAS possess various facilities that are currently running in all sectors of O&G and currently expanding their facility in harvesting renewable energy.

- The supply and demand of O&G were predicted to drop gradually at least in the next 20 years with a substantial rise of demand for renewable energy.

- Energy transition and digital transformation have a big potential to improve several critical aspects in O&G  (safety, manpower, economy) along with controlling and reducing the pollution contributed by this industry towards environment.

-Z-

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Good presentation. I love the knowledge that I gain today

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Understanding the importance of renewable energy. Petronas is making a great initiative towards net zero carbon emissions. Understanding the implications of carbon emissions caused by fossil fuels. In a nutshell, working towards the greener environment is much more capable by the approach of renewable energy in the industry from cradle to grave!