# data[].attributes.body
Parasympathomimetics: drugs that mimic the parasympathetic system (agonists, cholinergics)

Parasympatholytics: drugs that work against parasympathetic system (antagonists, anticholingerics)

Agonist: Direct –Acting Cholinergic Agonists
Action:
directly stimulate/bind to the muscarinic receptors in the parasympathetic division
mimics ACH

Agonist: Indirect –Acting Cholinergic Agonists
Action:
inhibit acetylcholinesterase, the enzyme that destroys ACH in the synapse
increases ACH

Anticholinergics:
bind to a cholinergic receptor
acts as a blocking drug; competitive antagonism

# data[].attributes.body
Adrenergic: alpha-1 receptor is stimulated
Action:
Contraction of smooth muscle, blood vessels constrict, increases BP
Vasoconstriction of nasal passages decongestant effect

Beta-Adrenergic blocking drugs
Action:
beta-1 receptor is blocked (antagonizes beta-1 effects of NE and EPI)
decreases force of contraction  (negative inotropic), decreases cardiac output
decreases HR  (negative chronotropic)
decreases conduction (negative dromotropic)
decrease in cardiac output also decreases BP

Adrenergic Blocking Drugs:
Action:
binds to alpha-1 receptors and blocks them
relaxation of smooth muscle
vasodilation of blood vessels, decreases BP
relaxes smooth muscle of ureters and increases urine flow

Beta 1 Adrenergic Agonist:
Action:
Low dose-stimulates dopaminergic (d-1) receptors in kidneys causing vasodilation and increased renal blood flow
Moderate dose-stimulates  beta 1 receptors-heart, increases force of contraction and cardiac output
High dose- stimulates alpha-1 receptors causing vasoconstriction  increase in blood pressure

Beta 2 Adrenergic Agonists
Action:
stimulates beta 2 receptors
relaxation of the smooth muscle of the lungs
bronchodilation
relaxation of the smooth muscle of the uterus

Action:
Stimulates all alpha and beta receptors, an exception
Vasopressor-vasoconstriction, increases BP
Cardiac stimulant
Bronchodilator

# data[].attributes.body
Muscarinic agonists or antagonist

# data[].attributes.body
Antagonism
atropine

dicyclomine (Bentyl®)

ipratropium bromide (Atrovent®)

Agonists

neostigmine (Prostigmin®)

pilocarpine (Pilocar® )

bethanechol (Urecholine®)

# data[].attributes.body
Drugs:

nadolol (Corgard®)

propanolol (Inderal®)

timolol (Blocadren®)
atenolol (Tenormin®)

metoprolol (Lopressor®)

Agonist:

albuterol (Proventil®, Ventolin®)

terbutaline (Brethine®)

formoterol (Foradil®)

salmeterol (Serevent®)

dobutamine

Adrenergic:

prazosin (Minipress®)

terazosin (Hytrin®)

doxazosin (Cardura®)

epinephrine (Adrenalin®)

phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine®)

epinephrine (Adrenalin®)

# data[].attributes.body
Adrenergic Agonists

# data[].attributes.headline
The end organ responses Sympathetic system

# data[].attributes.subject
The end organ responses Sympathetic system

# data[].attributes.body
Adrenal medulla- release of epinephrine
Arteries-Vasoconstriction
Heart-Increases heart rate and  AV conduction, increases contractility
Intestines, GI motility, and secretions: Decreased
Postganglionic neurotransmitter-Norepinephrine released
Pupil of eye-Dilation
Lower Respiratory passages-Bronchodilation
Urinary bladder-relaxation
Urinary sphincter-contraction

# data[].attributes.headline
Two divisions of the ANS and alternate names 

# data[].attributes.subject
Two divisions of the ANS and alternate names 

# data[].attributes.body
1. Sympathetic Nervous System

2. Parasympathetic Nervous System

# data[].attributes.body
Acetylcholine (ACH)-cholinergic is released at ganglia from presynaptic nerve endings (both systems) Norepinephrine (NE)-adrenergic is released at postganglionic nerve endings, synthesized from dopamine, released by adrenal medulla and neurons

Epinephrine (EPI)-adrenergic acts on adrenergic receptors & produced by adrenal medulla

Dopamine (DA) sympathetic and CNS neurotransmitter , precursor to NE, stimulates many receptors (alpha, beta, dopaminergic); different actions based on dose given

# data[].attributes.headline
Neurotransmitters for Sympathetic Nervous System

# data[].attributes.subject
Neurotransmitters for Sympathetic Nervous System

# data[].attributes.body
Acetylcholine (ACH)-cholinergic

Norepinephrine (NE)-adrenergic

Epinephrine (EPI)-adrenergic

Dopamine (DA)

# data[].attributes.body
ACH (cholinergic)

# data[].attributes.headline
The end organ responses (Parasympathetic system)

# data[].attributes.subject
The end organ responses (Parasympathetic system)

# data[].attributes.body
Adrenal medulla: -
Arteries-most are not supplied by parasympathetic nerves
Heart- Decreases heart rate and AV* conduction
Intestines, GI motility & secretions: increased
Postganglionic NT: Acetycholine release
Pupil of eye: Constriction
Lower Respiratory passages: Bronchoconstriction
Urinary bladder: contraction
Urinary sphincter: relaxation

# data[].attributes.headline
Receptors of parasympathetic nervous system & location of each receptor

# data[].attributes.subject
Receptors of parasympathetic nervous system & location of each receptor

# data[].attributes.body
muscarinic:
Location: located on cardiac, smooth muscle, and glands, at parasympathetic postganglionic nerve endings

nicotinic 1 (Nn):
Location: At ganglia of parasympathetic nerves and sympathetic nerves (synapse area)

nicotinic 2 (Nm):
Location: somatic, neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscle

# data[].attributes.body
Neurotransmitter is released at ganglia is ACH (cholinergic) and neurotransmitter released at postganglionic nerve endings is ACH (cholinergic)

# data[].attributes.headline
Receptors of sympathetic nervous system & locations of each receptor

# data[].attributes.subject
Receptors of sympathetic nervous system & locations of each receptor

# data[].attributes.body
Alpha-1
Location: Most arteries and veins and Iris muscle (eye)

Alpha-2
Location: Adrenergic nerve endings

Beta-1
Location: Heart

Beta-2
Location:Bronchiolar smooth muscle, uterus, coronary & skeletal muscles, blood vessels