# data[].attributes.body
I believe creativity is the act of being creative. Moving out of a normal pattern and doing things in your own way.

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How can Industry 4.0 give rise to society 5.0?

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How can Industry 4.0 give rise to society 5.0?

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Since the coming to light of industry 4.0, it has been almost in all domain of the manufacturing that digitalization, automation, and other diverse types of Technologies are boosting and improving productivity and transforming factories. Although these Technologies have so much advance in different ways and levels, there are huge concerns  about potential negative effects. Right now Society 5.0 is developing in Japan. The intention of this concept is to address some of the concerns about the industry 4.0 and also to bring human concerns into how we think about technologically advanced environments.
Japan is creating a super smart society to enhance the quality of health care, mobility etc for its population.
We may be asking that how can they achieve this.
Japan plans to do these through the incorporation of new Technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), Robotics, big data and drones.

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500 million+ members | Manage your professional identity. Build and engage with your professional network. Access knowledge, insights and opportunities.

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500 million+ members | Manage your professional identity. Build and engage with your professional network. Access knowledge, insights and opportunities.

# data[].attributes.headline
Dr Harrison - team driver, compassionate, trustworthy, inventor, creator

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Dr Harrison - team driver, compassionate, trustworthy, inventor, creator

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during my first year, I had negative feedback on an assignment, at first, it made me feel I wasn't good enough and doubted my ability to finish the year, but after I just try to think of its as a learning curve, if I tried harder and got the knowledge to try and improve, I knew it could turn it into positive.

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Who was Mother Teresa?

Mother Teresa of Calcutta was a missionary nun who was one of the greatest humanitarians of the 20th century. She founded the Missionaries of Charity – a religious organization dedicated to helping the poor. Through this, she was able to create programs and initiatives that made her an icon of charity around the world. In the Catholic Church, she is also known as Saint Teresa after she was canonized by Pope Francis in 2016.

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a Noble Prize winner, a global figurehead, an ambassador for peace and education, and (as she relentlessly pursues her fight for learning), a symbol of courage

# data[].attributes.body
Is commonly seen as an innovator and a source of new ideas, goods, services, and business/or procedures.

# data[].attributes.headline
Nelson Mandela-harmony value changemaker. was appointed secretary general of the non-aligned movement, the first black president, had strong beliefs and went to prison to stand for what he believed and valued for his people.  

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Nelson Mandela-harmony value changemaker. was appointed secretary general of the non-aligned movement, the first black president, had strong beliefs and went to prison to stand for what he believed and valued for his people.  

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Story about the Indian actor was very impressive and motivational story, as she was a cancer patient but she did not give up and she bring new ideas.

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In one of the modules I took during my first year of college, I heard that I should have done a better job of organising my sessions. I started looking for coworkers who knew more than I did to help me construct the sentences because I was inspired and had the strength to study more on that particular day, and as a result, I now had a better understanding.

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It was a very interesting undertaking for me to build a blog to encourage individuals to manage their weight and maintain a healthy physique because I was also able to put these ideas into reality for my family.

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Learning, not training
Success is more important than money, Passion is more important of all
Control is bad, trust is all
Long-term relationship and partnership approach
Growth all this, systems are important

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Caml, powerful, professional, Romantic, sincerity.
I think they be more positive about my personality

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For mim Greta Thunberg has a strong brand because She inspired school students across the globe to take part in student strikes. That month, more than 20,000 students had held strikes in at least 270 cities.

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= concept meaning ‘giving to the in between’, proposed to balance the concept of Entrepreneur which means ‘taking from in between’ and has therefore a predatory significance

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Concept of Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship is the ability and readiness to develop, organize and run a business enterprise, along with any of its uncertainties in order to make a profit. The most prominent example of entrepreneurship is the starting of new businesses.

In economics, entrepreneurship connected with land, labour, natural resources and capital can generate a profit. The entrepreneurial vision is defined by discovery and risk-taking and is an indispensable part of a nation's capacity to succeed in an ever-changing and more competitive global marketplace.

Meaning of Entrepreneur

The entrepreneur is defined as someone who has the ability and desire to establish, administer and succeed in a startup venture along with risk entitled to it, to make profits. The best example of entrepreneurship is the starting of a new business venture. The entrepreneurs are often known as a source of new ideas or innovators, and bring new ideas in the market by replacing old with a new invention.

It can be classified into small or home business to multinational companies. In economics, the profits that an entrepreneur makes is with a combination of land, natural resources, labour and capital.

In a nutshell, anyone who has the will and determination to start a new company and deals with all the risks that go with it can become an Entrepreneur.
Also Refer: Top 8 Difference Between Businessman and Entrepreneur
What are the 4 Types of Entrepreneurship?

It is classified into the following types:
Small Business Entrepreneurship-
These businesses are a hairdresser, grocery store, travel agent, consultant, carpenter, plumber, electrician, etc. These people run or own their own business and hire family members or local employee. For them, the profit would be able to feed their family and not making 100 million business or taking over an industry. They fund their business by taking small business loans or loans from friends and family.
Scalable Startup Entrepreneurship-
This start-up entrepreneur starts a business knowing that their vision can change the world. They attract investors who think and encourage people who think out of the box. The research focuses on a scalable business and experimental models, so, they hire the best and the brightest employees. They require more venture capital to fuel and back their project or business.
Large Company Entrepreneurship-
These huge companies have defined life-cycle. Most of these companies grow and sustain by offering new and innovative products that revolve around their main products. The change in technology, customer preferences, new competition, etc., build pressure for large companies to create an innovative product and sell it to the new set of customers in the new market. To cope with the rapid technological changes, the existing organisations either buy innovation enterprises or attempt to construct the product internally.
Social Entrepreneurship-
This type of entrepreneurship focuses on producing product and services that resolve social needs and problems. Their only motto and goal is to work for society and not make any profits.

Characteristics of Entrepreneurship:

Not all entrepreneurs are successful; there are definite characteristics that make entrepreneurship successful. A few of them are mentioned below:

Ability to take a risk- Starting any new venture involves a considerable amount of failure risk. Therefore, an entrepreneur needs to be courageous and able to evaluate and take risks, which is an essential part of being an entrepreneur.

Innovation- It should be highly innovative to generate new ideas, start a company and earn profits out of it. Change can be the launching of a new product that is new to the market or a process that does the same thing but in a more efficient and economical way.

Visionary and Leadership quality- To be successful, the entrepreneur should have a clear vision of his new venture. However, to turn the idea into reality, a lot of resources and employees are required. Here, leadership quality is paramount because leaders impart and guide their employees towards the right path of success.

Open-Minded- In a business, every circumstance can be an opportunity and used for the benefit of a company. For example, Paytm recognised the gravity of demonetization and acknowledged the need for online transactions would be more, so it utilised the situation and expanded massively during this time.

Flexible- An entrepreneur should be flexible and open to change according to the situation. To be on the top, a businessperson should be equipped to embrace change in a product and service, as and when needed.

Know your Product-A company owner should know the product offerings and also be aware of the latest trend in the market. It is essential to know if the available product or service meets the demands of the current market, or whether it is time to tweak it a little. Being able to be accountable and then alter as needed is a vital part of entrepreneurship.

Importance of Entrepreneurship:

Creation of Employment- Entrepreneurship generates employment. It provides an entry-level job, required for gaining experience and training for unskilled workers.

Innovation- It is the hub of innovation that provides new product ventures, market, technology and quality of goods, etc., and increase the standard of living of people.

Impact on Society and Community Development- A society becomes greater if the employment base is large and diversified. It brings about changes in society and promotes facilities like higher expenditure on education, better sanitation, fewer slums, a higher level of homeownership. Therefore, entrepreneurship assists the organisation towards a more stable and high quality of community life.

Increase Standard of Living- Entrepreneurship helps to improve the standard of living of a person by increasing the income. The standard of living means, increase in the consumption of various goods and services by a household for a particular period.

Supports research and development- New products and services need to be researched and tested before launching in the market. Therefore, an entrepreneur also dispenses finance for research and development with research institutions and universities. This promotes research, general construction, and development in the economy.

The above-mentioned concept 'Entrepreneurship' is elucidated in detail for Commerce students. To know more, stay tuned to BYJU'S.

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What is Entrepreneurship? Meaning, Types, Characteristics, Importance

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Entrepreneurship is the ability and readiness to develop, organize and run a business enterprise, along with any of its uncertainties in order to make a profit. The most prominent example of entrepreneurship is the starting of new businesses. In economics, entrepreneurship connected with land, labour, natural resources and capital can generate a profit.

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Many interesting stories of Changmakers

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Skip to content

Learn

We are very proud of the community we have galvanised. Just a few of those Change Makers have taken the time to contribute their stories, reflecting on the impact of their involvement with Engineers Without Borders UK.
Want to create change?

+ more!

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Change Makers - Engineers Without Borders UK

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Skip to content Learn We are very proud of the community we have galvanised. Just a few of those Change Makers have taken the time to contribute their stories, reflecting on the impact of their involvement with Engineers Without Borders UK. Want to create change? + more!

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Entrepreneur, someone that has a business idea, who eventually becomes self-employed Someone with an opportunity to pursuit beyond their resources and may only invest in their own time, when necessary.

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Tim Sweeney is the CEO of epic games and the creator of Fortnite

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Who created Fortnite?: All you need to know about its origins " FirstSportz

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In this article we take a look at one of the most asked questions, who created Fortnite? and we attempt to take a look at Fortnite's origins.

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I think the interested parties fall into a specific category, because they are the ones who enjoy this park, and they want a change of safe equipment so that everyone can use it safely.

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Nelson Mandela- harmony value changemaker: He was born in South Africa in 1918.He believed that everyone should be treated the same .He spent 27 years in prison. He was the first black President of South Africa.

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Nelson Mandela- harmony value changemaker: He was born in South Africa in 1918.He believed that everyone should be treated the same .He spent 27 years in prison. He was the first black President of South Africa.

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We have some important things to do in the next few years - in terms of the economy, society, and climate change. Luckily, there are already strong women making a difference, and here are a few of our favourite game-changers and changemakers

2. Greta Thunberg

This 16-year-old from Sweden has inspired a new term, "The Greta Thunberg effect." She's the new face of climate activism and a rebel with a cause who kick-started the movement Fridays for Future, which has now catapulted into a global event with 1.4 million students from 112 countries actively involved. For her activism she's won many laurels, the latest being a nomination for the Nobel Peace Prize. She was also featured on the cover of this year's May edition of Time magazine. Greta is a breath of fresh air among contemporary climate activists because of her age, passion, and walking the talk.

3. Katharine Viner

In 2015 she became the first female editor-in-chief of The Guardian, which was, already at the time, suffering heavy losses. She turned the situation around by finding new ways to fund the company - by turning to the readers. Eventually, around one million readers from 180 countries contributed through voluntary donations, subscriptions, and membership. Katharine also helped generate 1.35 billion page views and a profit of £800,000, compared to a massive loss of £19 million the previous year. More than half of the company's turnover comes from online business and the company is now financially sustainable for the foreseeable future. Katherine is not only a great editor-in-chief but a visionary who has changed the track of The Guardian.

© Facebook Isatou Ceesay

5. Nadia Murad

She is the first Iraqi and Yazidi to win a Nobel Peace Prize. Nadia was abducted by the Islamic State in 2014 during the Yazidi genocide and held captive for three months as a slave before escaping. After she was free, she founded Nadia's Initiative, an organization that helps women and children affected by mass atrocities and human trafficking. The 26-year-old was made the first goodwill ambassador for the 'Dignity of Survivors' by the United Nations. She's the epitome of courage and has given hope to people around the world affected by war and conflict.

9. J. K. Rowling*

J.K. Rowling is not only one of the richest female authors of the 21 st century but also a strong international figure who voices her opinions and raises her voice against Trump and Brexit. She is noted for providing social, moral, and political inspiration to her fans across the world. A classic example of the "rags to riches" narrative, Rowling went from living on benefits to being the world's first billionaire author and still stands for good values, humanity, and is committed to social responsibility. She supports multiple charities worldwide and has even launched her own, Lumos. The 53-year-old mother of three recently lost her billionaire status after donating most of her wealth to charities.

*Editor's note: At the time when this article was written, J.K. Rowling's political voice was very different. The author has recently used her considerable influence to spread misinformation and damaging implications about the transgender community. We do not wish to erase J.K. Rowling's positive contributions to literature and society. Rather, we find it particularly disappointing that someone who holds such an influential position because of her positive contributions would then direct her energy towards a cause that we deem unethical.

10. Kathyrn Bigelow

She made history by being the first female director to win the Academy Award, the Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directing, and the BAFTA Award for Best Direction for her war movie The Hurt Locker. Kathryn not only loves climbing mountains and scaling dunes to beat most of the young male members of her film unit, but she also has a penchant for climbing atop and reaching the summit of an industry like Hollywood, where sexism prevails in all departments. Nonetheless, she has overcome and is now one of the most revered female directors in the world. The 67-year-old Californian native advocates more women to come to the forefront of filmmaking and break the existing gender barriers.

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Changemakers: 10 Women Who Make a Difference

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We have some important things to do in the next few years - in terms of the economy, society, and climate change. Luckily, there are already strong women making a difference, and here are a few of our favourite game-changers and changemakers

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An entrepreneur is a person who sets up a business with the aim to make a profit.

This entrepreneur definition can be a bit vague, but for good reason. An entrepreneur can be a person who has a home business idea and sets up their first online store on the side or a freelancer just starting out.

The reason why they’re considered entrepreneurs, though some disagree, is because where you start out isn’t necessarily where you’ll end up.

An entrepreneur is someone who starts a side hustle that can eventually create a full-time, sustainable business with employees. Same with the freelancer. If your entrepreneurial mindset is focused on creating a profitable business, you fit the entrepreneur definition.

But the entrepreneur meaning involves much more than being a business or job creator.

Entrepreneurs are some of the world’s most powerful transformers. From Elon Musk sending people to Mars to Bill Gates and Steve Jobs making computers part of every household, entrepreneurs imagine the world differently.

And the entrepreneur definition rarely ever talks about the enormous impact these thought leaders have on the world.

Entrepreneurs see possibilities and solutions where the average person only sees annoyances and problems.

Understanding what an entrepreneur is can help more people recognize the value they can – and already do – contribute to the world.

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The tools and technological advances developed by Industry 4.0 will have a significant role to improving the quality of life in society in order to enable a happier, motivated, and satisfied and with more time for leisure. As a consequence, it will increase productivity and the mankind will choose the direction and the kind of society we want to create in the future to promote equal wealth distribution. As consequence of Industry 4.0 emerges Society 5.0, beginning in Japan, due to the concern of the ageing population. Society 5.0 focuses on the use of tools and technologies developed by Industry 4.0 to benefit the humankind. Intelligent systems, developed by Industry 4.0, could be seen by society as a beneficial rather than as adversaries. Future society could benefit from advanced technology in solving problems and economically. Society 5.0 has a special focus to position the human being at the centre of innovation, technological transformation and industrial automation, stimulated by Industry 4.0. This new Society 5.0 paradigm will play a predominant role in creating a happier, satisfied, fulfilled and consequently more productive society. Society 5.0, also called the super intelligent society, intends to use advanced technology of Industry 4.0 for enjoyment of humankind, in order to promote an interconnection between people and systems in cyberspace with optimization of results by artificial intelligence.

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Top 10 Inventions That Changed The World.

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Top 10 Inventions That Changed The World.

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https://www.livescience.com/33749-top-10-inventions-changed-world.html

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Top 10 Inventions That Changed the World

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From the wheel 5,500 years ago to the birth control pill, these 20 inventions had huge ramifications and have helped humans shape the world around us.

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The most ten innovations in twentieth century.

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The most ten innovations in twentieth century.

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https://studycorgi.com/the-ten-most-important-inventions-of-the-twentieth-century/

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The Ten Most Important Inventions of the Twentieth Century | Free Essay Example

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The twentieth century was a period of extensive inventive activities, with great minds coming up with new solutions to existing problems, and improving on innovations.

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How to control your life.. life is 10% of what happens to you and 90% how you react to it.-Charles R. Swindoll. our life is filled with obligations and responsibilities which dedicate most of our behaviour.  we have dreams we assume we can’t do are  constrained by fear.Free yourself from all this fear and anxiety that controls you and start controlling your life.Quit worrying and start living ❤️❤️❤️❤️

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How to control your life.. life is 10% of what happens to you and 90% how you react to it.-Charles R. Swindoll. our life is filled with obligations and responsibilities which dedicate most of our behaviour.  we have dreams we assume we can’t do are  constrained by fear.Free yourself from all this fear and anxiety that controls you and start controlling your life.Quit worrying and start living ❤️❤️❤️❤️

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More than simply doing good,,change maker is some one who is an innovator,leader or pioneer. They creat or add new ideas to maker a real change.a changemaker is someone who is taking creative action to solve a social problems.

# data[].attributes.subject
More than simply doing good,,change maker is some one who is an innovator,leader or pioneer. They creat or add new ideas to maker a real change.a changemaker is someone who is taking creative action to solve a social problems.

# data[].attributes.headline
Power of failure: is the way in which you turn failure into successes.when we fail at something that encourages us to find room to improve. This felling can create stronger version of us. Failure is a part of our success. sometimes it’s the most important part of our success. Failure sets the stage for us to reach our goals.failure could be a teaching tool to improve our skills.

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Power of failure: is the way in which you turn failure into successes.when we fail at something that encourages us to find room to improve. This felling can create stronger version of us. Failure is a part of our success. sometimes it’s the most important part of our success. Failure sets the stage for us to reach our goals.failure could be a teaching tool to improve our skills.

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I have passion about the idea of promoting acceptance of autism in society and I am soon going to start a campaign about it

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which innovations in HSC has contributed more to the society

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which innovations in HSC has contributed more to the society

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Social Innovation in Health and Social Care | SIC (siceurope.eu)

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Social Innovation in Health and Social Care

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Health and social care systems across the developed world are under strain. Established to deal with health problems of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, they now find themselves ill equipped to respond to twenty first century challenges. Significant (and welcome) medical advances have turned previously life-threatening conditions into long-term conditions that now need to be managed.

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Topic2
Storytelling techniques it uses by the most inspiring presenter. One of the strongest way to persuade people. When you tell your own story your real experience it would be believable useful.

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Unit1
Topic1
From pioneering invention to bold scientific and medical advancements, find out more about these inventions.
1-printing press: The printing press before the internet,it use to be one of the most important tools to spread the knowledge and helped with communications and printing books and many more

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https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/knowledge/economics/kondratieff-wave/

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The Kondratieff Wave is a concept that was introduced during the Russian Communist era by a sociologist economist, Nikolai D. Kondratieff. He

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1920269

Congeita Clarke-Young

Stakeholders they are the international; standard providing guidance and are the responsibility ISO 26,000 defines  a group that as interest in the decision  or activity of an organization.

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1920269 Congeita Clarke-Young Unit 2 Topic 2, Heid,s Story 

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1920269 Congeita Clarke-Young Unit 2 Topic 2, Heid,s Story 

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Heidi Journey was a bit off a struggle with her own academic subjects within her school life she managed to thrive with creative by ideas, she left school to study Art before going to University to study Graphic Design. Hedi wa told that she would never get a job studying Art, what they did not realise is that creative is one of the fastest growing industries in the world. Heidi also traveled meet other people , who have inspired her she has reached her goal. which just proves that others can aceivchie the same by being focused and motivated.

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Creative Solutions Tool Card

‘Just in case’-When you need to work in the unexpected

1. Remain ambiguous

2. Prepare for the unexpected

3. Have more options in mind

4. Have robust thinking

5. Try to experiment

6. Be creative

7. Be brave

8. Be more productive

9. Be imaginative

10. Be dedicated to each other (together with your colleagues)

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1920269 Congeita Clarke-Young Entrepreneurship when was it lunched, how it can build success.

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1920269 Congeita Clarke-Young Entrepreneurship when was it lunched, how it can build success.

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https://routedelentrepreneur.com/en/entrepreneur-guide/start-up-business-help/business-launch/

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Congratulations! You've reached the final stage of startup: launching your business.

A significant phase of your journey, the launch of your business doesn't represent the end of the road! Many important details have to be planned before and during the launch.

Before the launch of your business

This is it! Your business will be launched for good! You start getting nervous, and the things to remember start piling up.

You've hired your employees, ordered the equipment you were missing, set up your premises... But have you thought about all the formalities required to launch a business? For example:

Obtaining your numbers (employer, tax, labour standards, etc.);

The registration or incorporation of your company;

Permits and licences;

Etc.

Have you been foresighted? Have the contracts, such as your lease or an agreement between partners, been properly completed? Has your accounting system been set up?

All these details will play a key role at one time or another in your business launch

Dare to promote your business launch

To ensure that your business launch is successful, it's essential to make yourself known. Due to a lack of time, many entrepreneurs overlook this important step.

As each business is different, so are the methods for achieving this goal, but consider:

Your business cards;

Your brochures;

Your social media;

Participating in events;

Advertising;

Etc.

The first year of launching a business should be seen as a test that will serve as a comparative model, so it's important to take notes and leave a trace.

For example, you can evaluate the performance of your business according to the previously established financial forecasts and business plan. That way, you will have all the facts about your immediate results and what you aspire to in the future.

In addition, take the time to observe the changes in your environment and adapt to them. Don't hesitate to redo a market study, analyze your customers, and review your strategies and your budget. Evolving often means guaranteed longevity!

Find your SADC and CAE Find your SADC and CAE

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Business Launch and Startup | Road to Entrepreneurship

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Congratulations! You've reached the final stage of startup: launching your business. A significant phase of your journey, the launch of your business doesn't represent the end of the road! Many important details have to be planned before and during the launch. This is it! Your business will be launched for good!

# data[].attributes.headline
1920269 Congeita Clarke-Young Topic 2, Topic1, Core values.

# data[].attributes.subject
1920269 Congeita Clarke-Young Topic 2, Topic1, Core values.

# data[].attributes.body
https://i.ytimg.com/an_webp/kq8LP8TVtjo/mqdefault_6s.webp?du=3000&sqp=CLCOpJYG&rs=AOn4CLDEyNMre0I3_yi6c-HO85uCWEqQFg

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https://byjus.com/commerce/what-is-entrepreneurship/

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Concept of Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship is the ability and readiness to develop, organize and run a business enterprise, along with any of its uncertainties in order to make a profit. The most prominent example of entrepreneurship is the starting of new businesses.

In economics, entrepreneurship connected with land, labour, natural resources and capital can generate a profit. The entrepreneurial vision is defined by discovery and risk-taking and is an indispensable part of a nation's capacity to succeed in an ever-changing and more competitive global marketplace.

Meaning of Entrepreneur

The entrepreneur is defined as someone who has the ability and desire to establish, administer and succeed in a startup venture along with risk entitled to it, to make profits. The best example of entrepreneurship is the starting of a new business venture. The entrepreneurs are often known as a source of new ideas or innovators, and bring new ideas in the market by replacing old with a new invention.

It can be classified into small or home business to multinational companies. In economics, the profits that an entrepreneur makes is with a combination of land, natural resources, labour and capital.

In a nutshell, anyone who has the will and determination to start a new company and deals with all the risks that go with it can become an Entrepreneur.
Also Refer: Top 8 Difference Between Businessman and Entrepreneur
What are the 4 Types of Entrepreneurship?

It is classified into the following types:
Small Business Entrepreneurship-
These businesses are a hairdresser, grocery store, travel agent, consultant, carpenter, plumber, electrician, etc. These people run or own their own business and hire family members or local employee. For them, the profit would be able to feed their family and not making 100 million business or taking over an industry. They fund their business by taking small business loans or loans from friends and family.
Scalable Startup Entrepreneurship-
This start-up entrepreneur starts a business knowing that their vision can change the world. They attract investors who think and encourage people who think out of the box. The research focuses on a scalable business and experimental models, so, they hire the best and the brightest employees. They require more venture capital to fuel and back their project or business.
Large Company Entrepreneurship-
These huge companies have defined life-cycle. Most of these companies grow and sustain by offering new and innovative products that revolve around their main products. The change in technology, customer preferences, new competition, etc., build pressure for large companies to create an innovative product and sell it to the new set of customers in the new market. To cope with the rapid technological changes, the existing organisations either buy innovation enterprises or attempt to construct the product internally.
Social Entrepreneurship-
This type of entrepreneurship focuses on producing product and services that resolve social needs and problems. Their only motto and goal is to work for society and not make any profits.

Characteristics of Entrepreneurship:

Not all entrepreneurs are successful; there are definite characteristics that make entrepreneurship successful. A few of them are mentioned below:

Ability to take a risk- Starting any new venture involves a considerable amount of failure risk. Therefore, an entrepreneur needs to be courageous and able to evaluate and take risks, which is an essential part of being an entrepreneur.

Innovation- It should be highly innovative to generate new ideas, start a company and earn profits out of it. Change can be the launching of a new product that is new to the market or a process that does the same thing but in a more efficient and economical way.

Visionary and Leadership quality- To be successful, the entrepreneur should have a clear vision of his new venture. However, to turn the idea into reality, a lot of resources and employees are required. Here, leadership quality is paramount because leaders impart and guide their employees towards the right path of success.

Open-Minded- In a business, every circumstance can be an opportunity and used for the benefit of a company. For example, Paytm recognised the gravity of demonetization and acknowledged the need for online transactions would be more, so it utilised the situation and expanded massively during this time.

Flexible- An entrepreneur should be flexible and open to change according to the situation. To be on the top, a businessperson should be equipped to embrace change in a product and service, as and when needed.

Know your Product-A company owner should know the product offerings and also be aware of the latest trend in the market. It is essential to know if the available product or service meets the demands of the current market, or whether it is time to tweak it a little. Being able to be accountable and then alter as needed is a vital part of entrepreneurship.

Importance of Entrepreneurship:

Creation of Employment- Entrepreneurship generates employment. It provides an entry-level job, required for gaining experience and training for unskilled workers.

Innovation- It is the hub of innovation that provides new product ventures, market, technology and quality of goods, etc., and increase the standard of living of people.

Impact on Society and Community Development- A society becomes greater if the employment base is large and diversified. It brings about changes in society and promotes facilities like higher expenditure on education, better sanitation, fewer slums, a higher level of homeownership. Therefore, entrepreneurship assists the organisation towards a more stable and high quality of community life.

Increase Standard of Living- Entrepreneurship helps to improve the standard of living of a person by increasing the income. The standard of living means, increase in the consumption of various goods and services by a household for a particular period.

Supports research and development- New products and services need to be researched and tested before launching in the market. Therefore, an entrepreneur also dispenses finance for research and development with research institutions and universities. This promotes research, general construction, and development in the economy.

The above-mentioned concept 'Entrepreneurship' is elucidated in detail for Commerce students. To know more, stay tuned to BYJU'S.

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What is Entrepreneurship? Meaning, Types, Characteristics, Importance

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Entrepreneurship is the ability and readiness to develop, organize and run a business enterprise, along with any of its uncertainties in order to make a profit. The most prominent example of entrepreneurship is the starting of new businesses. In economics, entrepreneurship connected with land, labour, natural resources and capital can generate a profit.

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Greta Thunberg full speech at UN Climate Change COP24 Conference

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sir James Dyson is an English inventor, industrial designer, farmer and billionaire entrepreneur who founded Dyson Ltd. He is best known as inventor of the dual cyclone bagless vacumm cleaner

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Online learning offers teachers an efficient way to deliver lessons to students. Online learning has a number of tools such as videos etc. Another advantage is it allows students to attend classes from any location of their choice. Another advantage is reduced financial costs. It is far more affordable as compared to physical learning.

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Image source: Getty Images

No matter what kind of business you’re starting, you’re an entrepreneur. But what kind do you want to be? This guide lays out the five types and how to decide which you should choose.

People love starting businesses these days. A staggering 472 million entrepreneurs around the world launched 100 million startups in 2019.

But other figures are a bit more sobering, like the fact that nine out of every 10 startups fail, with a third of them closing in the first two years.

New businesses fail for a lot of reasons, mostly because of undercapitalization. But sometimes they fail because they have the wrong vision.

From the outset, it's important to decide what kind of entrepreneur you are. And that's not an easy question to answer.

Whether you’re looking to start an online business or move into a brick-and-mortar storefront and work for yourself, you must first decide what kind of entrepreneur you’re going to be, because it will guide how you set your goals and lay out your company’s future.

What is entrepreneurship?

At its most fundamental level, entrepreneurship is setting up a business and taking on financial risk with the goal of making a profit, but the term can encompass so much more than that.

Entrepreneurship is possible whether you’re a big business or a sole proprietorship. At the heart of entrepreneurship is the concept of innovation -- that by developing something totally new that solves a problem, a business can change the way people live for the better.

As a result, entrepreneurship sometimes focuses on bigger ideas than it does on money, although profit is ultimately the chief motivator driving the lion’s share of businesses.

Here are five types of entrepreneurs with real-world examples to help you get an idea of which route you should pursue.

1. Social entrepreneurship

A socially conscious business is focused on solving social problems, such as access to food, money, and education. The stated goal of these companies is to make the world better (although, for most, the ultimate purpose is still to make money). Such companies develop products and services with the goal of achieving these lofty goals. This model sometimes describes nonprofit organizations as well.

Real-world example: Seventh Generation, which sells eco-friendly cleaning and personal care products, was launched in 1988 in response to growing societal concerns about the environment since many household products of the day included harsh chemicals. The firm donates 10% of pre-tax profits to community- and environment-focused nonprofits and businesses. Despite lower profit margins, the company reportedly managed to pull in $200 million in 2015 -- proving that creating a responsible corporate image can also make money.

2. Innovation entrepreneurship

Innovation entrepreneurship is rooted in new inventions and ideas, which are then transformed into ventures. These firms aim to change how people live and seek ways to make products and services stand out, thereby accomplishing something that other companies haven’t.

Products such as the iPhone show how innovation can completely alter how people go about their daily routines. This kind of entrepreneurship is ambitious and often requires significant investment to get off the ground.

Real-world example: Founded in 2003, Tesla sought to innovate the automobile market by launching a line of affordably priced cars that were entirely electric, which hadn't been done successfully on a large scale until then. By 2019, Tesla had reportedly sold 367,849 units globally, a 50% increase over the year before. Because of how early Tesla was to the market, the company enjoys massive market share in a rapidly growing industry.

While Teslas are still largely unaffordable to working-class families -- prices start at around $36,000 -- the market is expanding, and continued innovation may bring prices down to where it becomes a more widely available mode of transportation.

3. Big business entrepreneurship

One major disadvantage for a business when it gets larger is that it starts to move slowly. As a result, big businesses often try to jump-start entrepreneurship by snatching up a smaller company and delegating innovation to the new acquisition.

The larger company may leverage limited product or service life cycles and have experienced professionals take the reins of new projects. Massive tech firms such as Google and Microsoft often do this by buying out a small developer with promising technology as part of its long-term focus.

Real-world example: After being partners for years, Disney finally purchased animation studio Pixar in 2006. Rather than create its own studio to compete with Pixar, Disney decided it would simply buy the up-and-coming studio behind Toy Story and other hit movies. It has proven to be quite the lucrative arrangement for Disney, which has cashed in on other blockbuster successes from Pixar since the acquisition, including WALL-E, Coco, Up, Brave, and sequels to Toy Story.

4. Small business entrepreneurship

When you don’t have the resources of a big business and have to be more conservative in your accounting, your entrepreneurship has to be more dependent on good, old-fashioned elbow grease.

In small business entrepreneurship, innovation is typically more modest and based on a new twist on currently available products and services -- or simply on doing a job well -- while profits are used to support the company’s family rather than being poured into more expansion. These small businesses are often made up of family members and friends. Local restaurants, dry cleaners, and mom-and-pop stores are good examples.

Real-world example: Chances are you don’t have to go far to find a good example of small business entrepreneurship. Many local businesses represent a family that decided to put its hard-earned cash into launching a store to serve the surrounding community. Restaurants are typical examples, with hard-working families serving delicious meals day in and day out. Many fail, some succeed, and a few others go on to expand to additional locations. Some even create regional empires.

5. Scalable start-up business entrepreneurship

As defined by Steve Blank, the father of the lean startup concept, scalable startup business entrepreneurship begins with a founder’s belief that they can change the world. Venture capitalists often swoop in to fund these sorts of startups in the hope of landing massive returns. They then hire highly skilled and educated professionals to run them, seeking to address market holes or disrupt entire industries.

Real-world example: Uber started as an idea to revolutionize the taxi industry and, after attracting investment, the company exploded and grabbed massive market share in a very short time. Critics have since questioned the company’s business practices -- did Uber skirt taxi regulations and pay its “independent contractor” drivers artificially low wages to create an unsustainable business model in order to grab an early foothold in a growing market? But no one can argue that the company hasn’t dramatically changed how people get around.

Decide what you want before launching your business

Regardless of which form of entrepreneurship you choose, it's all about what you're hoping to accomplish in the end. Do you just want to make money? Do you want to make money but help the world at the same time? Or do you just want to be your own boss?

Answering these questions will help you decide what kind of entrepreneur you want to be. Until you've decided that, it's unwise to push forward with your idea. You've also got to have a vision, so set aside some time to think it over and get it down on paper. Then draw up a road map on how you'll get there. It could mean the difference between success and failure for your fledgling company.

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5 Types of Entrepreneurship With Real-World Examples

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Are you interested in becoming an entrepreneur but not sure which route to take? Here we outline five types of entrepreneurship that will help you decide.

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Congeita

Without Values their no meaning each individual all value something in life, everything has value depends, on which way you look at what Value means in every day life.

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Congeita Clarke-Young

Salem to improve health and well-being of people and communities we serve, are values are communicating the ethics and ideas looking at the past and also the future were we want to be in the future. thriving to achieve that vision.

Salem values is to improve the health and well-being of people and communities we serve.

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1920269 Salem Sydney Curnow Vosper picture year he died.

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1920269 Salem Sydney Curnow Vosper picture year he died.

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Brian Lonsway: Entrepreneurship/Entredonneurship: Design Innovation as Public Good

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Concept of Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship is the ability and readiness to develop, organize and run a business enterprise, along with any of its uncertainties in order to make a profit. The most prominent example of entrepreneurship is the starting of new businesses.

In economics, entrepreneurship connected with land, labour, natural resources and capital can generate a profit. The entrepreneurial vision is defined by discovery and risk-taking and is an indispensable part of a nation's capacity to succeed in an ever-changing and more competitive global marketplace.

Meaning of Entrepreneur

The entrepreneur is defined as someone who has the ability and desire to establish, administer and succeed in a startup venture along with risk entitled to it, to make profits. The best example of entrepreneurship is the starting of a new business venture. The entrepreneurs are often known as a source of new ideas or innovators, and bring new ideas in the market by replacing old with a new invention.

It can be classified into small or home business to multinational companies. In economics, the profits that an entrepreneur makes is with a combination of land, natural resources, labour and capital.

In a nutshell, anyone who has the will and determination to start a new company and deals with all the risks that go with it can become an Entrepreneur.
Also Refer: Top 8 Difference Between Businessman and Entrepreneur
What are the 4 Types of Entrepreneurship?

It is classified into the following types:
Small Business Entrepreneurship-
These businesses are a hairdresser, grocery store, travel agent, consultant, carpenter, plumber, electrician, etc. These people run or own their own business and hire family members or local employee. For them, the profit would be able to feed their family and not making 100 million business or taking over an industry. They fund their business by taking small business loans or loans from friends and family.
Scalable Startup Entrepreneurship-
This start-up entrepreneur starts a business knowing that their vision can change the world. They attract investors who think and encourage people who think out of the box. The research focuses on a scalable business and experimental models, so, they hire the best and the brightest employees. They require more venture capital to fuel and back their project or business.
Large Company Entrepreneurship-
These huge companies have defined life-cycle. Most of these companies grow and sustain by offering new and innovative products that revolve around their main products. The change in technology, customer preferences, new competition, etc., build pressure for large companies to create an innovative product and sell it to the new set of customers in the new market. To cope with the rapid technological changes, the existing organisations either buy innovation enterprises or attempt to construct the product internally.
Social Entrepreneurship-
This type of entrepreneurship focuses on producing product and services that resolve social needs and problems. Their only motto and goal is to work for society and not make any profits.

Characteristics of Entrepreneurship:

Not all entrepreneurs are successful; there are definite characteristics that make entrepreneurship successful. A few of them are mentioned below:

Ability to take a risk- Starting any new venture involves a considerable amount of failure risk. Therefore, an entrepreneur needs to be courageous and able to evaluate and take risks, which is an essential part of being an entrepreneur.

Innovation- It should be highly innovative to generate new ideas, start a company and earn profits out of it. Change can be the launching of a new product that is new to the market or a process that does the same thing but in a more efficient and economical way.

Visionary and Leadership quality- To be successful, the entrepreneur should have a clear vision of his new venture. However, to turn the idea into reality, a lot of resources and employees are required. Here, leadership quality is paramount because leaders impart and guide their employees towards the right path of success.

Open-Minded- In a business, every circumstance can be an opportunity and used for the benefit of a company. For example, Paytm recognised the gravity of demonetization and acknowledged the need for online transactions would be more, so it utilised the situation and expanded massively during this time.

Flexible- An entrepreneur should be flexible and open to change according to the situation. To be on the top, a businessperson should be equipped to embrace change in a product and service, as and when needed.

Know your Product-A company owner should know the product offerings and also be aware of the latest trend in the market. It is essential to know if the available product or service meets the demands of the current market, or whether it is time to tweak it a little. Being able to be accountable and then alter as needed is a vital part of entrepreneurship.

Importance of Entrepreneurship:

Creation of Employment- Entrepreneurship generates employment. It provides an entry-level job, required for gaining experience and training for unskilled workers.

Innovation- It is the hub of innovation that provides new product ventures, market, technology and quality of goods, etc., and increase the standard of living of people.

Impact on Society and Community Development- A society becomes greater if the employment base is large and diversified. It brings about changes in society and promotes facilities like higher expenditure on education, better sanitation, fewer slums, a higher level of homeownership. Therefore, entrepreneurship assists the organisation towards a more stable and high quality of community life.

Increase Standard of Living- Entrepreneurship helps to improve the standard of living of a person by increasing the income. The standard of living means, increase in the consumption of various goods and services by a household for a particular period.

Supports research and development- New products and services need to be researched and tested before launching in the market. Therefore, an entrepreneur also dispenses finance for research and development with research institutions and universities. This promotes research, general construction, and development in the economy.

The above-mentioned concept 'Entrepreneurship' is elucidated in detail for Commerce students. To know more, stay tuned to BYJU'S.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
What is Entrepreneurship? Meaning, Types, Characteristics, Importance

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Entrepreneurship is the ability and readiness to develop, organize and run a business enterprise, along with any of its uncertainties in order to make a profit. The most prominent example of entrepreneurship is the starting of new businesses. In economics, entrepreneurship connected with land, labour, natural resources and capital can generate a profit.

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Name: Tsvyatko Dorovski
UNI: td2177

Schneider and Gersting
Chapter 1
Problem 10

Biography
John Vincent Atanasoff

John Vincent Atanasoff is known as the father of the computer. With the help of one of his students Clifford E. Berry, in Iowa State College, during the 1940s, he created the ABC (Atanasoff-Berry Computer) that was the first electronic digital computer.

John Vincent Atanasoff was born in Hamilton, New York on 4 of October 1903. His father Ivan Atanasov was born in a country village named Boiajik, in Bulgaria. Ivan Atanasov's parents were killed in 1876 in the Bulgarian war against the Turkish slavery when he was 1 year old. 12 years later in 1889 he immigrated in United States with his uncle. In USA, they arrived in Ellis Island where his last name was changed to Atanasoff. There he married a mathematics schoolteacher Iva Lucena Purdy, who was the mother of John Vincent Atanasoff. Together they had 9 more children.

After John Vincent Atanasoff was born, his father accepted a position as a senior electrical engineer in Osteen, Florida and later they moved in Brewster, Florida. This was the place where John Vincent completed grade school and started to get first understanding of the various electricity concepts. At 9 years he was fixing broken electricity wires in his home, which was the first house with electricity they lived so far.

John Vincent Atanasoff was a very good student. He was also interested in various sports and especially in baseball. Overall, his school years were normal until the day when his father bought a new Dietzgen slide rule for his work. Atanasoff was fascinated by this mathematical tool. He quickly learned how to use it and was really amazed how he was able to get correct results using the rule. Not later after this, he became very interested in the mathematics behind the rule and at 9 years, he started to study trigonometric functions and logarithms. With the help of his mother, he read various mathematic books for collage students. He quickly became familiar with differential equations and other fairly difficult mathematical concepts. His mother introduced the young boy to the number systems based on a different number than 10. This is how he first learned about the base-two number system.

In 1919 the Atanasoff's family moved to a farm in Old Chicora, Florida. This is where he entered into the Mulberry high school. He completed the entire school course, with concentration in science and mathematics, in two years with straight A's. And he already knew that he wanted to study theoretic physics. After this, in 1921 he was accepted in the University of Florida in Gainesville. However, the university didn't offer a specific program in theoretic physics and Atanasoff signed for electrical engineering degree. In 1925 he graduated, again with straight A's, with a Bachelor of Science in electrical engineering. Although, offered a various scholarships from some of the best schools in the country, including Harvard University, the 22 years than old John Vincent Atanasoff, decided to accept the offer from the Iowa State College, which was famous with its engineering and science programs. This was where, later he invented the first digital computer in the world.

During his master's in the university, John had a very busy schedule. He was working towards his degree and in the same time he was teaching two undergraduate courses in mathematics. However, he found time to meet with Lura Meeks, who soon after his graduation became his wife.

In June 1926 John graduated from the Iowa State College with Masters of Science in mathematics. He accepted an offer from the university to teach mathematics. At first, his wife was teaching in a school in Montana, but soon she quit her job and moved back to Ames. So in 1929 their first child was born, a daughter called Elsie. Later, they had 2 more children, a boy and a girl. After Elsie was born, they moved to Madison, Wisconsin where John was taking his doctorate in theoretical physics. During his work on his final thesis, "The Dielectric Constant of Helium" Atanasoff had his first experience with serious computing. He was working with Monroe calculator, which was one of the best calculators at that time, but still it gave him a really hard time and he had to spend hours performing various calculations. It was this experience that made Atanasoff to think strongly in the course of developing a better computing machine. So after he received his Ph.D. in 1930, he accepted an offer from the Iowa State College as an assistant professor in mathematics and physics, and the family moved back to Ames.

In the university, Atanasoff started to make various experiments with vacuum tubes and radio signals as well as various electronic devices and was really determined to develop an advanced computing machine. In the mean time he was promoted to an associate-professor in physics and mathematics.

In the following years Atanasoff continued to examine various mathematical devices and he classified them into two groups: analog and digital devices. The main problem that the inventor found was that the analog devices were slow and their accuracy was dependent upon the performance of all the parts in them.

Around year 1937 John was still obsessed with the computer problem he was trying to solve. As the story in various sources tells including the Iowa State Collage archives:

"...in the winter months of 1937. One night, frustrated after many discouraging events, he got into his car and started driving without destination. Two hundred miles later, he pulled onto a roadhouse in the state of Illinois. Here, he had a drink of bourbon and continued thinking about the creation of the machine. No longer nervous and tense, he realized that this thoughts were coming together clearly. He began generating ideas on how to build this computer! After receiving a grant of $650 from Iowa State College in March 1939, Atanasoff was ready to embark in this exciting adventure. To help him accomplish his goal, he hired a particularly bright electrical engineering student, Clifford E. Berry. From 1939 until 1941 they worked at developing and improving the ABC, Atanasoff-Berry Computer, as it was later named."

Source: ( http://www.scl.ameslab.gov/Projects/ABC/Biographies.html)

The ABC computer was the first electronic digital computing device. It was designed with a specific purpose, to solve systems of simultaneous up to 29 linear equations. The machine exact operation was to accept two linear equations at a time with up to 29 variables and a constant, using this data it could eliminate one of the variables. Following this way, the machine could continue by eliminating each time one variable, until the entire system of equations was solved.

Although, as one can see above, the ABC was not a general-purpose computer (its function was fixed), meaning that it did not implemented the stored program architecture (Von Neumann architecture). It still was the first to implement 3 of the most important ideas used in computers now-days. The first and probably most important was using binary digits (1's and 0's) to represent all the numbers in a given data. The second was to perform all the calculations using electronics instead of mechanical switches and wheels. And the third was using the principle from the Von Neumann architecture where the memory and the computations were separate. The ABC also implemented another important idea using a regenerative capacitor memory that is still used now-days in Dynamic Random Access Memory. This means that since the capacitors are loosing their charge pretty quickly they need to be given a new electronic charge every few milliseconds.

The exact specifications and physical characteristics of the ABC as given in http://www.wikipedia.org/ were:

"The system weighed more than seven hundred pounds (320 kg). It contained approximately 1 mile (1.6 km) of wire, 280 dual-triode vacuum tubes, 31 thyratrons, and was about the size of a desk.

...

The memory of the Atanasoff-Berry Computer was a pair of drums, each containing 1600 capacitors that rotated on a common shaft once per second. The capacitors on each drum were organized into 32 "bands" of 50 (30 active bands and 2 spares in case a capacitor failed), giving the machine a speed of 30 additions/subtractions per second. Data was represented as 50-bit binary fixed point numbers. The electronics of the memory and arithmetic units could store and operate on 60 such numbers at a time (3000 bits).

The AC power line frequency of 60 Hz was the primary clock rate for the lowest level operations.

The logic functions were fully electronic, implemented with vacuum tubes. The family of logic gates ranged from inverters to two and three input gates. The input and output levels and operating voltages were compatible between the different gates. Each gate consisted of one inverting vacuum tube amplifier, preceded by a resistor divider input network that defined the logical function.

...

There were two forms of input and output. Primary user input and output and an intermediate results output and input. The intermediate results storage allowed operation on problems too large to be handled entirely within the electronic memory. (The largest problem that could be solved without the use of the intermediate output and input was two simulataneous equations, a trivial problem.)

Intermediate results were written onto paper sheets by electrostatically modifying the resistance at 1500 locations to represent 30 of the 50 bit numbers (one equation). Each sheet could be written or read in one second. The reliability of the system was limited to about 1 error in 100,000 calculations by these units, primarily attributed to lack of control of the sheets' material characteristics. In retrospect a solution could have been to add a parity bit to each number as written. This problem was not solved by the time Atanasoff left the university for war-related work.

Primary user input was via standard punched cards and output via a front panel display."

Source: ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atanasoff_Berry_Computer)

As seen above, although a fascinating for its time invention and huge step for the computers, the ABC was not able solve an entire system of equations automatically. It needed an operator to set up the different functions like addition, subtraction, reading, writing, converting from binary to decimal, etc. Now-days, this is implemented with the use of boot programs.

Here I want to explain exactly why we say that ABC was not a general-purpose computer. The main problem was that its function (its program) was fixed. In other words, it did implement part of the Von Neumann architecture where the processor is separate from the memory, but it didn't implement the stored-program part. Meaning that the memory was used only to be fed with data, the actual program was not in the memory, but it was physically implemented. This is why when we say "stored-program" it means that both the program and the data are in the memory and they both could be changed and we call such a computer a "general purpose computer", meaning that it could be reprogrammed for a different purpose. The ABC could be used only for what it was initially created for (solving a system of linear equations with up to 29 variables). So its data could be changed, but not its function.

It is important to mention that the Atanasoff-Berry Computer was never patented and this is way it was not know until 1960's. Before this, the ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) computer was considered as the first computer in modern words. The problem rose because at the end of his project John Atanasoff was called on duty for the Second World War and no one from the university did a patent on the ABC. However, in 1973 a U.S. District Court ruled that the ENIAC principals were taken from the ABC and stated the Atanasoff-Berry Computer as the first computer in the world.

Later for his work on the ABC on November 13, 1990, John Vincent Atanasoff was awarded the National Medal of Technology by the President George H. W. Bush.

The exact conditions around the patent issue are well described in http://www.wikipedia.org/ as follows:

" John Atanasoff met John Mauchly at the December 1940 meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in Philadelphia, where Mauchly was demonstrating his "harmonic analyzer". This was an analog calculator for analysis of weather data. Atanasoff told Mauchly about his new digital device and invited him to see it. Also during the Philadelphia trip, Atanasoff and Berry visited the patent office in Washington, where their research assured them that their concepts were new. A January 15, 1941 story in the Des Moines Register announced the ABC as "an electrical computing machine" with more than 300 vacuum tubes that would "compute complicated algebraic equations. In June 1941 Mauchly visited Atanasoff in Ames, Iowa to see the ABC. During his four day visit as Atanasoff's houseguest, Mauchly thoroughly discussed the prototype ABC, examined it, and reviewed Atanasoff's design manuscript in detail. Up to this time Mauchly had not proposed a digital computer. In September 1942 Atanasoff left Iowa State for a wartime assignment as Chief of the Acoustic Division with the Naval Ordnance Laboratory (NOL) in Washington D.C. He entrusted his patent application for the ABC to Iowa State College administrators. It was never filed. Mauchly visited Atanasoff multiple times in Washington during 1943 and discussed Atanasoff's computing theories, but did not mention that he was working on a computer project himself until early 1944. (Mollenhoff, p. 62-66). John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert's construction of ENIAC, the first general purpose electronic computer, during 1943-1946 was to lead to a legal dispute two decades later over who was the actual inventor of the computer.

By 1945 the Navy, too, had decided to build a large scale computer, on the advice of John von Neumann. Atanasoff was put in charge of the project, and he asked Mauchly to help with job descriptions for the necessary staff. However, Atanasoff was also given the responsibility for designing acoustic systems for monitoring atomic bomb tests. That job was made the priority, and by the time he returned from the testing at Bikini Atoll in July of 1946, the NOL computer project was shut down due to lack of progress, again on the advice of von Neumann.

Mauchly and Eckert applied for a patent on a "General-Purpose Electronic Computer" in 1947, which was finally granted in 1964. The rights to the patent had been sold in 1951 to Remington Rand (to become Sperry Rand); that company started demanding royalty payments from other computer manufacturers in the late 1960's.

The dispute over patent royalties eventually resulted in a lawsuit filed on May 26, 1967 by Honeywell Inc. against Sperry Rand in U.S. District Court in Minneapolis, Minnesota challenging the validity of the ENIAC patent. The trial, one of the longest and most expensive in the federal courts to that time, began on June 1, 1971, lasted until March 13, 1972, had 77 witnesses, plus 80 depositions and 30,000 exhibits. Atanasoff's machine was introduced as prior art. The case was legally resolved on Friday, October 19, 1973, when U.S. District Judge Earl R. Larson held the patent invalid, ruling that the ENIAC derived many basic ideas from the Atanasoff-Berry Computer. Judge Larson explicitly stated, "Eckert and Mauchly did not themselves first invent the automatic electronic digital computer, but instead derived that subject matter from one Dr. John Vincent Atanasoff". The decision in Honeywell Inc. v. Sperry Rand Corp. et al., was so well supported that Sperry declined to appeal. The decision received little publicity at the time, perhaps because it was overshadowed by the Watergate Era "Saturday Night Massacre" firing of special prosecutor Archibald Cox by President Richard Nixon the next day. While legally vindicated, Atanasoff's victory was incomplete as the ENIAC, rather than the ABC, continued to be widely regarded as the first computer until after his death."

Source: ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Vincent_Atanasoff)

As mentioned above in 1942 John Atanasoff was called on duty and he started a defense related position in the Naval Ordnance Laboratory in Washington, as a theoretical physicists. There, he was working on various projects related to mines disarming, underwater bombs, rockets commanding, etc. Because of the long separation during the Second World War, Atanasoff and his wife were divorced in 1949 and in the same year John married Alice Crosby.

In the period between 1942 and 1966, most of the scientist work was related to the Dynamics of the See Vessels. He holds patents to over 30 different devices some of them like a device for capturing and recording seismic sound waves, a post office sorting system, automated systems for package preparation and others.

After a long sickness Atanasoff died on June 15 1995, in his home in Maryland.

In 1997 a project to develop a fully functional replica of the ABC, with a $350,000 budget, was completed in the Ames Laboratory, located in the Iowa State Collage. Right now, it can be seen on display on the first floor of the lobby of the Durham Center for Computation at Iowa State University. This is also where, most of the archives related to the development of the Atanasoff-Berry Computer, are held. There are many pictures, videos and a lot of information as well as a full documentation of the court trial led to the final decision that indeed it was the ABC - the first computer in the world.

See below a scheme of the Atanasoff-Berry Computer

Image source:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atanasoff_Berry_Computer

See on this sitehttp://www.scl.ameslab.gov/Projects/ABC/Progress.html
More pictures of the Atanasoff-Berry Computer and its different parts.

Sources:

1. http://www.cs.iastate.edu/jva/index.shtml

2. http://www.johnatanasoff.com/

3. http://www.scl.ameslab.gov/Projects/ABC/ABC.html

4. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atanasoff_Berry_Computer

5. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Vincent_Atanasoff

6. http://www.thocp.net/biographies/atanasoff_john.html

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John Vincent Atanasoff - the father of the computer

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Name: Tsvyatko Dorovski UNI: td2177 Schneider and Gersting Chapter 1 Problem 10 Biography John Vincent Atanasoff John Vincent Atanasoff is known as the father of the computer. With the help of one of his students Clifford E. Berry, in Iowa State College, during the 1940s, he created the ABC (Atanasoff-Berry Computer) that was the first electronic digital computer.

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Medical News Today regularly covers innovative work from laboratories, hospitals and universities across the world. When putting together a short list of the top medical innovations of the last century, who better to ask than the innovators themselves?

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Over the centuries, medical science's speed of advance has been breakneck.

Scientific endeavor is rooted in innovation. Without the underlying current of swarming technological advances, medicine would stagnate.

Of course, any list of "top" medical inventions is bound to come up short; the incremental ratcheting of treatments, diagnostics and equipment have formed a wealth of worthy candidates that could never be fully listed.

In order to appreciate how far we have come, it is worth glancing briefly back into the misty realms of prehistory.

One of the earliest innovative medical procedures that we know of was trepanning. This procedure involved drilling or scraping a hole into the skull, possibly to oust evil spirits or to "reduce pressure" on the brain.

At one point in time, this practice was surprisingly widespread, with evidence of its usage cropping up in Europe, Azerbaijan, China, Siberia, North and South America.
In fact, of the thousands of neolithic skulls that archaeologists have unearthed over the years, 5-10% bear the distinctive marks of trepanning.
At the time, this proto-surgery was probably considered a useful and thoroughly modern technique. Thankfully, other procedures have since removed trepanning from common use.

Moving forward in time, another regular addition to such lists is the advent of anesthesia. Anyone who has gone under the surgeon's knife owes a great debt to those innovators who first saw a use for Joseph Priestley's "different sorts of air."

Although not a medical professional, Humphrey Davy was the first to discover the anesthetic properties of nitrous oxide, and it was he who coined the term "laughing gas." However, anesthetics were not commonly used until decades after Davy's death in 1829.

Further forward still, Alexander Fleming's serendipitous discovery of penicillin in 1928 often makes it onto lists of the most historic medical innovations. Fleming's work signaled the birth of modern antibiotics and, over the years, has spared millions of patients from amputations and death by infection.

The list goes on, almost endlessly. For the purposes of this article, we contacted scientists and medical professionals whose work we have covered over recent months. We simply asked them what medical innovation (past, present or future) fascinates them the most, and why they rate it so highly.

Here are the results, in no particular order:

Dr. Garry Laverty and his team at the School of Pharmacy, Queen's University in Belfast, Ireland, recently created a peptide gel that shows promise in the fight against so-called superbug infections.

The innovation that he finds most fascinating is a gene editing technique known as CRISPR (clustered regularly-interspaced short palindromic repeats). Before this new technology saw the light of day, engineering a mutation into a gene was incredibly laborious.

Genetic modifications that would have previously taken a great deal of time and money can now be carried out swiftly and cheaply. CRISPR's influence cannot be overstated; an article in Nature says that "CRISPR is causing a major upheaval in biomedical research."

Dr. Laverty told MNT:

"This technique has only come to the forefront of research in the past few years and has the potential to significantly advance gene therapy as it is much faster than conventional methods."

The technology is derived from a mechanism that bacteria use to fight off viral infection and works in conjunction with an enzyme called Cas9.

Cas9 uses a guide RNA molecule to home in on its target DNA. It then edits the DNA to disrupt genes or insert desired sequences. Each run might cost as little as $30, compared with the many thousands of dollars that previous techniques would set laboratories back.

Dr. Laverty holds high hopes for CRISPR's future applications; he hopes that it might eventually allow us to "eradicate genetic disease by eliminating harmful DNA sequences. [...] It has the potential to allow any human genome to be edited by insertion of a tailored genetic sequence or has the ability to destroy harmful segments."

It certainly seems to be a genuine game-changer in molecular genetics. Dr. Laverty goes on:

"With further research, it could treat all kinds of established genetic-based disease, including HIV, cancers and infectious diseases. [...] In future, CRISPR could be utilized to allow our cells to become powerhouses for drugs themselves."

Our next respondent carries on the genetic theme. Ephraim L. Tsalik, assistant professor of medicine at Duke Medicine in Durham, NC, is involved in designing tests that can distinguish between virus-based and bacterial-based illnesses.

Tsalik's chosen medical innovation is point-of-care sequencing. This refers to hand-held devices that can sample tissues and read the DNA in real-time, skipping the necessity of lab-based, time-consuming tests.

These types of devices will eventually find a multitude of uses, from the doctor's office to the jungles of Borneo. Point-of-care sequencers will allow unimagined detail to be gleaned from patients within moments.

The species of bacteria or virus that are causing an infection can easily be derived, removing the chance of unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions.

For diseases such as AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome), the viral load can be ascertained there and then and treatment adjusted accordingly. As Tsalik told MNT:

"The ability to make these measurements in a manner suitable for patient care will be a tremendous asset as we strive for personalized and precision medicine."

Dr. Thomas Oxley, of the University of Melbourne, Australia, is currently working on a bionic brain implant that helps paralyzed patients control a robotic exoskeleton with the power of thought. His chosen medical innovation is the cardiac pacemaker.

The first pacemaker recipient outlived its inventor and the surgeon who installed it.

In short, the cardiac pacemaker is a medical device that uses electrical stimulation to regulate the rhythm of the beating heart.

These devices are used in cases where the body's natural pacemaker is too slow, or when there is a blockage in the heart's electrical conduction system.

Dr. Oxley describes the cardiac pacemaker as the "archetypal medical device" and "ahead of its time." The first implantable version was designed and installed by Rune Elmqvist and surgeon Åke Senning in 1958 at the Karolinska Institutet in Solna, Sweden.

Arne Larsson was the world's first implantable pacemaker patient; he went on to receive 26 different pacemakers throughout his lifetime. Larsson died in 2001 aged 86, outliving both the inventor and the surgeon.

Dr. Thomas J. Webster, of Northeastern University in Boston, MA, is currently working on a number of innovations; one of his projects involves the fascinating future possibilities of synthetic immune cells.

Dr. Webster's chosen medical innovation is the implanted nanosensor - a minute implant that can be inserted into a patient and remain there. It will eventually be able to make diagnoses from within the patient's cells.

The sensors, constructed of carbon nanotubes, could work as early warning systems for potential illnesses. Also, eventually, they will be capable of treating issues as they arise, before the patient is even aware that there is an internal problem. By picking up the tell-tale chemical signals of a variety of diseases, it will raise the alarm before symptoms arrive.

Many illnesses do not present symptoms until the disease is well underway - pancreatic cancer, for instance. The quicker a problem is signaled, the greater chance the patient has of surviving the affront.

Dr. Webster is particularly impressed by technology that makes "big jumps in health." He goes on to say that "too often today, we see small jumps in medicine when we really need revolutionary ideas."

Some of Dr. Webster's work has focused on how nanotechnology can help in the fight against impenetrable biofilms created by bacterial infections that are resilient to many drugs. He told MNT:

"We've been able to develop these nanoparticles that can actually penetrate those biofilms and then kill the biofilm, regenerating healthy tissue in the process."

The nanoscale is difficult to visualize. The diameter of a single-walled carbon nanotube is 100,000 times thinner than a human hair. This minute size allows the nanoparticle to penetrate on a cellular level; it also makes it incredibly difficult to work with and control, hence the furious research within the discipline of nanotechnology.

The future of nanotechnology will, no doubt, be an impressive place.

Our final innovation comes courtesy of Prof. Michael McAlpine, of the University of Minnesota. He works in the field of 3D printing and its applications in medical science. He recently created a 3D-printed guide that helps regrow sensory and motor functions in nerves following injury.

Prof. McAlpine's chosen medical innovation is the cochlear implant. Invented by Prof. Graeme Clark more than 30 years ago, the technology has changed the lives of thousands of people across the world. Prof. McAlpine says:

"The device is one of the earliest concepts of interweaving electronics directly with the body, and in a surprisingly simple and elegant manner, yet serves the extraordinary function of restoring hearing to people who have gone completely deaf."

To date, more than 350,000 devices have been fitted in deaf or severely hard-of-hearing individuals worldwide. According to the cochlear implant's inventor, Prof. Clark, his device very nearly did not see the light of day. He says:
"I had much criticism and was referred to as 'that clown Clark.' But I was determined to persist and see it through, and I'm so pleased I did. I cannot imagine any technology that has had such a profound effect on transforming so many peoples' lives."
The cochlear implant works differently from a hearing aid, which simply amplifies the sound entering the ear.

The implants bypass damaged portions of the ear and directly stimulate the auditory nerve.

Although the hearing afforded by the cochlear implant is different from natural hearing, it allows users to navigate the world around them with more ease and enjoy natural conversations once again, or even for the first time.

Although the inventions discussed here cover the tiniest corner of the tapestry of historical innovation, their breadth and scope serve as a reminder of how far we have come since trepanning was the brightest surgical idea.

No doubt, as the future rushes in, medical advancements will appear ever more incredible. It seems appropriate to end this article with a quote from the late, great scientific innovator and sci-fi author Arthur C. Clarke:
"Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic."

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Top five medical innovations of the past, present and future

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Medical News Today regularly covers innovative work from laboratories, hospitals and universities across the world. When putting together a short list of the top medical innovations of the last century, who better to ask than the innovators themselves? Scientific endeavor is rooted in innovation. Without the underlying current of swarming technological advances, medicine would stagnate.

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its an amazing invention as its uses are every day are excellent for day to day from checking your heart rate to steps ,calls and text its uses are mind blowing for such a small device, and most important the time .

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Top 10 Everyday Apple Watch Uses! Why You Need One

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https://www.creativelive.com/blog/what-is-creativity/

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If you're a fine artist, writer, musician, photographer, or designer, you've likely been called a 'creative person' at some point in your life. Perhaps you've figured out a new idea to a problem at your small business that you thought was creative. Maybe you've been in a class, interpreted a piece of work in a valuable way, and the professor lauded you for contributing a different perspective or different idea.

Creative ideas emerge in many situations, careers, hobbies, and works. But what exactly is creativity?

What is Creativity and Innovation?

Creativity involves transforming your ideas, imagination, and dreams into reality. When you're being creative, you can see the hidden patterns, make connections between things that aren't normally related, and come up with new ideas. Creative ability depends on creative thinking which is part hard work but largely creative problem-solving.

Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, the author of the book "Creativity: The Psychology of Discovery and Invention," gives a pretty hefty definition of the word. He said, "Creativity is a central source of meaning in our lives ... most of the things that are interesting, important, and human are the results of creativity... [and] when we are involved in it, we feel that we are living more fully than during the rest of life."
We are all born creative. Learn how to discover your inner creator and start on your own creative journey with out CEO / founder Chase Jarvis.
Aside from his book, Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi is known for his TED Talk about the creative process and flow, also known as the secret to happiness. In his TED Talk, he says that when you are completely engaged with creating something new, such as writing music, you don't even pay attention to how your body feels or any problems you may be having at home.

Referring to a person in the middle of the creative process Csikszentmihaly said, "He can't feel even that he's hungry or tired, his body disappears, his identity disappears from his consciousness because he doesn't have enough attention, like none of us do, to really do well something that requires a lot of concentration and at the same time to feel that he exists."

Is Creative Thinking Learned or Natural?

Human beings are born creative and then taught to be uncreative as they grow older. Just think about it: When you are a kid, there is an emphasis on art classes and "reaching for the stars," and when you get older, you're told to get real, take the straight and narrow path, and pay your taxes. Pursuing our creative potential tends to come to a hault when we grow up. Creative individuals don't always have the most supportive environment in the workplace because they might be said to have unusual thoughts and lack the know-how for real business innovation.

Research proves that non-creative behavior is learned overtime. According to George Land's Creativity Test, young children are creative geniuses, and become less creative as they age. His study took a group of 1,600 five-year-olds and tested to see how creative they were. Ninety-eight percent were deemed creative geniuses, thinking in novel ways similar to the likes of Picasso, Mozart, Einstein and other creative personalities. He tested them again at 10 years old. That number dropped to 30 percent. By 15 years of age, it had declined to 12 percent. He gave the same test to 280,000 adults and found that only 2 percent were creative geniuses.

The good news is: If you consider yourself uncreative as an adult, you can reteach yourself to have a whole new mind (creatively speaking) and get into the habit of practicing creativity and innovation once again.

Aside from doing simple things like traveling to a new place, taking a walk, and engaging in a new hobby, you can also train yourself to do something new and become an expert in it. It's been shown that creativity in a certain area emerges after much practice. You also need to be open to new possibilities, remain curious about the world, and easily shake off mistakes. Employ these creativity measures and you'll possess a great deal more of creative thinking soon enough.

You can also accidentally stumble upon creativity. According to one study, 72 percent of people have creative insights in the shower. Why? Solitary activities like showering, walking alone, and daydreaming get the brain moving towards a more creative place.

Creativity is like the force: It may have been in you all along. You just have to uncover it.

Who Is Creative?

Anyone can be creative. If you just dabble in painting, you're no less creative than the person who makes it her entire career. While creativity was pushed aside because of the Industrial Revolution, it's making a comeback amongst millenials in the information age, according to Hillary Grigonis. In one study of people ages 18 to 35, it was found that millennials are more likely to try a wider range of creative tasks like building a mobile app or learning how to knit than their older counterpart.

Creative people possess certain traits or skills. They are always asking questions, coming up with creative solutions to one problem, and exhibiting playfulness. They have heightened emotional sensitivity, are usually seen as nonconforming and are not afraid to be seen as different or exhibiting unusual thoughts.

As playwright George Bernard Shaw sums it up, "Some men see things as they are and say 'why?' I dream of things that never were and say 'why not.'"

Are you interested in learning more about what creativity is? Enroll in a CreativeLive class today to exercise your creative muscles and design thinking.

We are all born creative. Learn how to discover your inner creator and start on your own creative journey with our CEO / founder Chase Jarvis.

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What Is Creativity? Defining the Skill of the Future - CreativeLive Blog

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If you're a fine artist, writer, musician, photographer, or designer, you've likely been called a 'creative person' at some point in your life. Perhaps you've figured out a new idea to a problem at your small business that you thought was creative.

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A competition sponsored in 1913 by Scientific American asked for essays on the 10 greatest inventions. The rules: "our time" meant the previous quarter century, 1888 to 1913; the invention had to be patentable and was considered to date from its "commercial introduction."

Perception is at the heart of this question. Inventions are most salient when we can see the historical changes they cause. In 2013 we might not appreciate the work of Nikola Tesla or Thomas Edison on a daily basis, as we are accustomed to electricity in all its forms, but we are very impressed by the societal changes caused by the Internet and the World Wide Web (both of which run on alternating-current electricity, by the way). A century from now they might be curious as to what all the fuss was about. The answers from 1913 thus provide a snapshot of the perceptions of the time.

The airplane: The Wright Flyer for military purposes, being demonstrated at Fort Myer, Va., in 1908. Image: Scientific American - November 1, 1913

Following are excerpts from the first- and second-prize essays, along with a statistical tally of all the entries that were sent in.

The first-prize essay was written by William I. Wyman, who worked in the U.S. Patent Office in Washington, D.C., and was thus well informed on the progress of inventions. His list was:

1. The electric furnace (1889) It was "the only means for commercially producing Carborundum (the hardest of all manufactured substances)." The electric furnace also converted aluminum "from a merely precious to very useful metal" (by reducing it's price 98 percent), and was "radically transforming the steel industry."

2. The steam turbine, invented by Charles Parsons in 1884 and commercially introduced over the next 10 years. A huge improvement in powering ships, the more far-reaching use of this invention was to drive generators that produced electricity.

3. The gasoline-powered automobile. Many inventors worked toward the goal of a "self-propelled" vehicle in the 19th century. Wyman gave the honor specifically to Gottleib Daimler for his 1889 engine, arguing: "a century's insistent but unsuccessful endeavor to provide a practical self-propelled car proves that the success of any type that once answered requirements would be immediate. Such success did come with the advent of the Daimler motor, and not before."

4. The moving picture. Entertainment always will be important to people. "The moving picture has transformed the amusements of the multitude." The technical pioneer he cited was Thomas Edison.

5. The airplane. For "the Realization of an age-long dream" he gave the laurels of success to the Wright brothers, but apart from its military use reserved judgment on the utility of the invention: "It presents the least commercial utility of all the inventions considered."

6. Wireless Telegraphy. Systems for transmitting information between people have been around for centuries, perhaps millennia. Telegraph signals got a speed boost in the U.S. from Samuel Morse and Alfred Vail. Wireless telegraphy as invented by Guglielmo Marconi, later evolving into radio, set information free from wires.

7. The cyanide process. Sounds toxic, yes? It appears on this list for only one reason: It is used to extract gold from ore. "Gold is the life blood of trade," and in 1913 it was considered to be the foundation for international commerce and national currencies.

8. The Nikola Tesla induction motor. "This epoch-making invention is mainly responsible for the present large and increasing use of electricity in the industries." Before people had electricity in their homes, the alternating current-producing motor constructed by Tesla supplied 90 percent of the electricity used by manufacturing.

9. The Linotype machine. The Linotype machine enabled publishers-largely newspapers-to compose text and print it much faster and cheaper. It was an advance as large as the invention of the printing press itself was over the painstaking handwritten scrolls before it. Pretty soon we won't be using paper for writing and reading, so the history of printing will be forgotten anyway.

10. The electric welding process of Elihu Thomson. In the era of mass production, the electric welding process enabled faster production and construction of better, more intricate machines for that manufacturing process.

The electric welder invented by Elihu Thomson enabled the cheaper production of intricate welded machinery. Image: Scientific American - November 1, 1913

The turbine invented by Charles Parsons powered ships. Assembled in numbers, they provided an efficient means of driving electrical generators and producing that most useful commodity. Image: Scientific American - November 1, 1913

The second-prize essay, by George M. Dowe, also of Washington, D.C., who may have been a patent attorney, was more philosophical. He divided his inventions into those aiding three broad sectors: production, transportation and communication.

1. Electrical fixation of atmospheric nitrogen. As natural fertilizer sources were depleted during the 19th century, artificial fertilizers enabled the further expansion of agriculture.

2. Preservation of sugar-producing plants. George W. McMullen of Chicago is credited with the discovery of a method for drying sugar cane and sugar beets for transport. Sugar production became more efficient and its supply increased by leaps and bounds, like a kid on a "sugar buzz." Maybe this is one invention we could have done without. But I digress.

3. High-speed steel alloys. By adding tungsten to steel, "tools so made were able to cut at such a speed that they became almost red hot without losing either their temper or their cutting edge" The increase in the efficiency of cutting machines was "nothing short of revolutionary."

4. Tungsten-filament lamp. Another success of chemistry. After tungsten replaced carbon in its filament, the lightbulb was considered "perfected." As of 2013 they are being phased out worldwide in favor of compact fluorescent bulbs, which are four times as efficient.

5. The airplane. Not yet in wide use as transportation in 1913, but "To [Samuel] Langley and to the Wright brothers must be awarded the chief honors in the attainment of mechanical flight." In 2013 the annoying aspects of commercial airline flying make transportation by horse and buggy seem a viable alternative.

6. The steam turbine. As with Mr. Wyman, the turbine deserved credit not only "in the utilization of steam as a prime mover" but in its use in the "generation of electricity."

7. Internal combustion engine. As a means of transportation, Dowe gives the greatest credit to "Daimler, Ford and Duryea." Gottleib Daimler is a well-known pioneer in motor vehicles. Henry Ford began production of the Model T in 1908 and it was quite popular by 1913. Charles Duryea made one of the earliest commercially successful petrol-driven vehicles, starting in 1896.

8. The pneumatic tire. Cars for personal transportation were an improvement on railways. "What the track has done for the locomotive, the pneumatic tire has done for the vehicle not confined to tracks." Credit is given to John Dunlop and William C. Bartlet, who each had a milestone on the road (pun intended) to successful automobile and bicycle tires.

9. Wireless communication. Marconi was given the credit for making wireless "commercially practical." Dowe also makes a comment that could apply equally to the rise of the World Wide Web, stating that wireless was "devised to meet the needs of commerce primarily, but incidentally they have contributed to social intercourse."

10. Composing machines. The giant rotary press was quite capable of churning out masses of printed material. The bottleneck in the chain of production was composing the printing plates. The Linotype and the Monotype dispensed with that bottleneck.

The essays sent in were compiled to come up with a master list of inventions that were considered to be the top 10. Wireless telegraphy was on almost everyone's list. The "aeroplane" came in second, although it was considered important because of its potential, not because there were so many airplanes in the sky. Here are the rest of the results:

There were also mentions for Luther Burbank's agricultural work (23); Louis Pasteur and vaccination work (20); acetylene gas from carbide (17); mercury-vapor lamp (7); preservation of sugar-producing plants (7); combined motion picture and talking machine (10); Edison's storage battery (6); automatic player piano (4); Pulmotor (a respirator machine) (4); telephone (4).

The motion picture: The hard-working Thomas Edison helped make this entertainment form technically viable. Image: Scientific American - November 1, 1913

The full contents of all the prize-winning essays is available with a subscription to the Scientific American archives.

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What Are the 10 Greatest Inventions of Our Time?

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A competition sponsored in 1913 by Scientific American asked for essays on the 10 greatest inventions. The rules: "our time" meant the previous quarter century, 1888 to 1913; the invention had to be patentable and was considered to date from its "commercial introduction." Perception is at the heart of this question.

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Elon Musk is a role model change maker, as not only does he own multiple innovative companies, he has also been pushing our economy forward, and changing the environment for the better.

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Dyson hand dryers spread more germs than paper towels

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Dyson hand dryers spread more germs than paper towels

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Study found 27 times more bacteria in air around jet-air dryers than around paper towels. (Mark Von Holden/AP Images for Dyson)

NEWYou can now listen to Fox News articles!

Next time you finish washing your hands in a public bathroom, you may want to think twice when you choose between a jet hand dryer and paper towels. According to a study published in the Journal of Applied Microbiology, jet air dryers spray 1,300 times more viral plaques than paper towels.

Some viral plaques (clumps of viruses) were launched nearly 10 feet from the dryer itself, Popular Science reported. The study, which was published in January, was trending on Monday.

Researchers  at the University of Westminster compared paper towels, warm air dryers and jet dryers, specifically the Dyson Airblade. Participants were asked to dip their gloved hands into a solution of a harmless virus, MS2. They then gave their hands a quick shake and tried one of the three drying methods, Popular Science reported. Next, samples were collected from the air and surfaces at different distances from where the drying took place.

More on this...

The study authors observed that the Dyson Airblade spread 60 times more germs than the traditional hand dryers and 1,300 times more than standard paper towels.

The research did not test the different drying methods’ distribution of bacteria, which are much larger and can cause disease. A 2014 study found the Airblade spread 27 times more bacteria than paper towels. In response to the previous study, Dyson noted that participants’ hands were covered with more viruses than they would be in a real-world scenario and said paper towels are covered with germs from previous users, Popular Science reported.

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Dyson hand dryers spread more germs than paper towels, study says

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Next time you finish washing your hands in a public bathroom, you may want to think twice when you choose between a jet hand dryer and paper towels. According to a study published in the Journal of Applied Microbiology, jet air dryers spray 1,300 times more viral plaques than paper towels.

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1920269

Congeita Clarke-Young

Salem to improve health and well-being of people and communities we serve, are values are communicating the ethics and ideas looking at the past and also the future were we want to be in the future. thriving to achieve that vision.

Salem values is to improve the health and well-being of people and communities we serve.

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I choose myself as a change-maker because I decide to change my profession from a Chef to a Health and Social Care worker. I am filling more fulfilled in this sector. My name is Ancuta Daniela Tofan

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Learning new languages, the people will get acquainted with the culture of others nations, and in this way they will fill their box with knowledge.

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HeartFlow is a program designed to help patients with cardiovascular disease avoid invasive diagnostic procedures and improve the outcomes treatment. The company produces 3D models that can be rotated, the images can be enlarged so that doctors van have a variety of access on the screen. I n some cases, invasive procedures can be completely prevented.

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Who do you consider to be a changemaker? 

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Who do you consider to be a changemaker? 

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Oprah Winfrey has forged an unrivalled bond with people all around the world thanks to the power of the media. She spent 25 years entertaining, enlightening, and inspiring millions of people as host and executive producer of the top-rated, award-winning The Oprah Winfrey Show. She is now recognised as one of the most admired and respected public people in today's society thanks to her successes as a leader in the worldwide media and philanthropist.

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Some of creative work in health and social work which I think are important is dancing, sport, music, looking after pets, cooking.

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A Kondratieff Wave is a long-term economic cycle believed to be born out of technological innovation, which results in a long period of prosperity.

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In the past, gathering information through a network and having it examined by humans was standard procedure in an information society. However, in Society 5.0, everything is interconnected in cyberspace, and the best outcomes produced by AI that is more advanced than humans are fed back into the actual world. Through previously unimaginable means, this process adds new value to business and society.

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Society 5.0: What Is It & How To Achieve A Human-Centered Society

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Society 5.0 is a human-centered society that balances economic and technological advancement to solve society’s problems with AI data systems

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Who do you consider to be a Change Maker

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Who do you consider to be a Change Maker

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I consider Dr Sebi to be a change maker, because of his healthy life style choices. He self-taught and studied a wide variety of tradition. From Africa, Central America and the Caribbean. He formulated a healthy cell food diet which consist of herbals fruits and vegetables. He also had a list of celebrity clienteles from Michael Jackson to John Travolta.

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Dr. Sebi's Method for Cleansing and Revitalizing The Body - 2 Steps To Healing

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https://www.incomediary.com/30-most-influential-entrepreneurs-of-all-time-2/

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Successful entrepreneurs inspire other successful entrepreneurs and this list of 30 super successful entrepreneurs have inspired Millions! ( Perhaps Billions)

Top 30 Influential Entrepreneurs Of All Time

[updated September 21st, 2021]

Two key traits of all successful entrepreneurs are their focus and determination.

Their success has come as a result of solving problems and making the world a better place.
They made money while making a difference.
That is why they take the risks they do.

Who is your top entrepreneurial influence?

Mine is Sir Richard Branson.

His adventurous entrepreneurial spirit appeals to me.

Andrew Carnegie would be a close second. He is a great example of an entrepreneur who attained huge success despite his humble beginnings.
Use this list to inspire you in your own entrepreneurial journey.
#1 Andrew Carnegie

Age: 83yrs (Died: 11 th August 1919)

Birth Place: Dunfermline, Scotland.

Industry: Steel Manufacturing.

Influence: Pioneered many manufacturing processes.

Net Worth: About $380 million. [around $309 billion by today's standards.]

Why this historical entrepreneur made the list...

Andrew Carnegie was born into a typical lower-class family in Scotland and lived in a weaver's cottage; a tiny house.

The main room served not only as the living quarters but also the dining room and the bedroom for the whole family.

His family was suffering from near starvation and poverty when William; his father emigrated the family to Allegheny, Pennsylvania in the USA. The area in which they lived was very poor but better than their previous community in Fife.

His first job was that of a bobbin boy, paid $1.20-a-week, where he helped change spools for 12hrs each day.

Feeling this wasn't the career for him, he became a telegraph messenger for $2.50 per week. This job came with a couple of perks too, such as gaining free entry to the local theater.

He soon progressed to $4.00 per week at the age of 18yrs and through hard work and rapid development, Andrew climbed swiftly through the ranks.

Eventually, he became an investor, investing the money he had saved over the years into Adams Express Company, a messenger service.

Carnegie later received shares in a car business after helping to safeguard the shares of another business for a friend; he used this to his advantage and reinvested all his money into the railway industry. During the civil war Carnegie made a fortune through investments he had made; one of which had him investing $40,000 of his own money into Story Farm; a creek rich in oil. By the end of the year, the investment had paid off in dividends to the tidy sum of $1 million, with more profits coming in from the petrol and oil goods.

After the civil war had finished Carnegie gave $40,000 to help build a library in his native Dunfermline, he also gave $50,000 of his money to a hospital college to help teach more nurses and save more lives.

Now an investor in both oil and steel, Carnegie was becoming very wealthy and wrote his first book, which sold over 40,000 copies. His writing style and intelligence helped Carnegie become known as a great author and journalist, which helped him earn another hefty fortune in doing so.

By 1888 Carnegie was worth more than $20 million and famously offered $20,000,000 to buy the Philippines from Spain to allow them independence.

Upon retiring at the age of 66 as the world's richest man, Andrew Carnegie became a philanthropist. He believed in the "Gospel of Wealth," which meant that wealthy people were morally obligated to give their money back to others in society.

The Andrew Carnegie "Gospel of Wealth" has inspired other entrepreneurs to do more with their considerable wealth.

As an example Charles "Chuck" Feeney , who co-founded airport retailer Duty-Free Shoppers with Robert Miller in 1960 and amassed billions has succeeded in giving away most of his fortune in his lifetime.

Conor O'Clery, who wrote a biography of Chuck Feeney, said:

He read and was very impressed by Carnegie's famous essay 'Wealth', which says such things as 'to die rich is to die disgraced.

The Chuck Feeney approach - called Giving While Living means that he has donated more than $8 billion to charities, universities, and foundations worldwide through his foundation, the Atlantic Philanthropies.

By the time of his death in 1919, Carnegie was famous for his investments, his oil, his writings, and his incredible entrepreneurial streak.

According to the Carnegie Corporation, Carnegie's personal peak wealth was about $380 million, or around $309 billion by today's standard.

Andrew Carnegie is perhaps the most influential philanthropist in history.

He did manage to give most of his money away (some estimate 95% of it) - building some 2,811 lending libraries around the world and help found one of the world's great research universities.

Recommended Autobiography : The Autobiography of Andrew Carnegie and the Gospel of Wealth

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Are you looking for the "secret sauce" that takes your blogging to the next level?

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Just facts and a roadmap THAT WORKS.

#2 Steve Jobs

Birth Place: San Francisco, California, USA

Industry: computer technology, computer science

Influence: Advancement in Computers and Media Devices

Net Worth: $6.1 billion

Why Steve made the list...

Steve Jobs, you either love him or hate him but there's one thing that is certain; you will definitely know who is.

One thing that you might not know about Steve Jobs is that he was adopted. But that didn't stop him from becoming one the most successful people in the world and why should it.

When Jobs graduated from high school in 1972, one of his first jobs out of high school was as a technician for the computer company Atari. This was a big turning point for Steve.

In 1974, the same year Jobs first worked with Atari, jobs went into business with his old friend Steve Wozniak. Jobs had convinced Steve Wozniak that it would be a good idea to assemble computers and sell them on for a profit. It seemed a decent idea as they soon started making a profit from the computers they were making, and on April 1, 1976, Apple Computer company was founded as a partnership with Steven Jobs and Steve Wozniak as the co-founders.

Within just 4 years of the Apple Computer Company being founded, Apple became a publicly traded corporation, and in 1983 jobs lured John Scully away from the Pepsi-Cola company. Jobs went on in leaps and bounds, and in 1984 on January 26th jobs introduced the first Apple Macintosh. It wasn't all pleasantries, though; in May 1985, following an internal power struggle between the board of directors, Jobs lost control of the Apple computer company and was forced out; although he did still have shares in the business.

Steve Jobs then formed another company - NeXT computers which did well. Then in 1986, he bought "The Graphics Group" which was later named Pixar Animation, for $10 million.

Sometime later, in 1996, Apple computers company bought the NeXT company for approximately $429 million, bringing Steve Jobs back to Apple as the company's interim CEO. In 2000 Apple announced publicly that Steve Jobs was to become the permanent CEO of the company.

Recommended Steve Jobs Entrepreneurial Video

There are many great videos featuring Steve Jobs - but this for us, is one of the exceptional ones!

It is from the 1997 Worldwide Developer Conference. Steve Jobs has just returned to Apple as an advisor and was guiding sweeping change at the company. We are not commenting on the rights or wrongs of the question that was asked. In business, you will often have to make tough decisions that will upset others.

One of our favorite Steve Jobs quotes is this one that he made, aged 33.

It seems a perfect question to ask oneself, no matter what age you are.

For the past 33 years, I have looked in the mirror every morning and asked myself:

'If today were the last day of my life, would I want to do what I am about to do today?'

And whenever the answer has been 'No' for too many days
in a row, I know I need to change something.

In 2007 Apple changed its name to Apple Inc. On a side note In January 2006 jobs announced the Disney had purchased Pixar in an all stock transaction; worth approximately $7.4 billion, so as you can see Steve Jobs did very well for himself.

Recommended Biography: Steve Jobs: The Exclusive Biography

Recommended: 20 Movies Every Entrepreneur Should Watch

Hey Entrepreneur - 3 Special Features For You To Enjoy!

Want to sell more of your product or service? Then, you need to perfect the art of writing sales copy that converts vague interest into a paying customer.

#3 Henry Ford

Age: 83yrs (Died April 7 th, 1947)

Birth Place: Greenfield Township, Dearborn, Michigan, USA

Industry: Auto-motive manufacturer

Influence: Modern Transport Pioneer

Net Worth: $1.1 billion

Website: www.thehenryford.org

Why this historical entrepreneur made the list...

Henry Ford, one of the few men that made mainstream automobiles a reality. He was born into a family of farmers who originated from England and Ireland. Not the wealthiest of families, but not poverty-stricken either.

Henry Ford was a dyslexic entrepreneur.

Because of this, he would repeat certain actions over and over, until he mastered them.

In his teenage years, his father had given him a timepiece which he later took to pieces just to see if he could piece it together again successfully, which he did. He then did the same with other people's timepieces and eventually, he repaired them too. Even though Henry Ford had Dyslexia he did not allow this "hurdle" to be a reason to give up.

He completed an apprenticeship with James F. Flower & Bros, and also with the Detroit Dry Dock Company. In 1891 he met with Thomas Edison, who liked his concept of an automobile, so he allowed him to use his warehouses to manufacture two vehicles.

Ford was grateful but later built his own company so he could build the cars on his own terms backed by William H. Murphy and in 1899 he founded the Detroit Automobile Company.

This was short-lived, however, as the vehicles produced lacked the quality and precision Ford wanted and were horribly expensive. The business went under, but it didn't stop him. Ford went on to build the Cadillac Automobile company.

After almost failing a second time because of lack of sales and high debts, more partners came into the business and the name was changed to the Ford Motor Company. The Ford Motor Company generated around 156 billion U.S. dollars in revenue in 2019.

#4 Mark Zuckerberg

Birth Place: White Plains, New York, USA

Industry: Social Media Mogul

Influence: Revolutionized Online Social Media and Networking

Net Worth: About $68 billion (August 2019)

Website: www.Facebook.com

Why this famous entrepreneur made the list...

Mark Zuckerberg, is known for co-founding Facebook, Inc. and serves as its chairman, chief executive officer, and controlling shareholder.

Not only is he one of the richest men on the planet, but he's also had his business story portrayed by the Hollywood giants in a movie entitled the Social Network.

Zuckerberg launched Facebook from his dormitory room, on 4 February 2004, whilst attending Harvard University.

It has been rumored, that the inspiration for Facebook came from his former high school the Phillips Exeter Academy which had its own student directory known as "The Photo Address Book" which the students nicknamed The Facebook.

Mark Zuckerberg was joined by fellow Harvard university students Dustin Moskovitz and Chris Hughes as he wanted to evolve the Facebook website.

To begin with, Facebook wasn't available to everybody and because of this, competitors such as; MySpace and Bebo seemed to be the clear winners in terms of social networking.

However, that soon changed when Zuckerberg and the co-founders of Facebook dropped out of the Harvard University in a bid to make Facebook succeed.

By then the 2004 Facebook had received over 1 million users for the website.

In 2005, the capital venture firm Accel Partners invested $12.7 million into the business to help them evolve further.

Soon Facebook was being approached by massive brands and companies who wanted to buy out Zuckerberg. However, we know that Zuckerberg didn't sell Facebook, and he still is CEO of it although his some of his venture partners have moved on.

According to Forbes magazine, Zuckerberg is worth approximately $68 billion (August 2019).

Recommended Reading: Think Like Zuck: The Five Business Secrets of Facebook's Improbably Brilliant CEO Mark Zuckerberg

Mark Zuckerberg along with Jeff Bezos are the two richest Internet Generation Entrepreneurs to make this list.

For even more inspiration, we list 100 of the world's richest Internet Entrepreneurs in this post.

#5 Jeff Bezos

Birth Place: Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA

Industry: online retail

Influence: Revolutionized E-Commerce

Net Worth: $117.2 billion (April 2020)

Why Jeff Bezos made the list...

Jeff Bezos was born in 1964 and is the founder of the president and the chief executive officer and the Chairman of the board for one of the most popular and well-known websites/e-commerce sites in the world, Amazon.com. He is also according to Forbes the richest Billionaire in the world.

Jeff Bezos mother was just a teenage girl when he was born in Albuquerque New Mexico, she married his father which lasted only one year, and when Jeff was just five years old; she remarried the man he recalls his father - Miguel Bezos.

They moved to Texas, and Miguel became an engineer for Exxon. Jeff Bezos was very interested in scientific projects at an early age and got into a lot of trouble by setting small electric alarms to keep his siblings out of his bedroom. He persuaded his parents to convert their garage into his own personal laboratory, which suited him just fine.

He was highly regarded through his school and college years and was awarded an honorary doctorate in science and technology from Carnegie Mellon University in 2008.

After finally graduating from Princeton University, Jeff Bezos decided he wanted to work in computer science field and began working on Wall Street.

In 1994 after having an idea on a cross-country trip from New York to Seattle Jeff Bezos came up with a business plan for what would be called, Amazon.

He got some backing and started the Internet business that very year - which as we know it is now one of the most successful e-commerce sites in the world. Amazon.com has a revenue of around $280.52 billion.

Not bad, for an idea he came up with, in the back of a car on a road trip.

Think Like Amazon: 50 1/2 Ideas to Become a Digital Leader

[ "Reading this book is like having Jeff Bezos advise me." - Eric Martinez, Founder and CEO of Modjoul]

Special Feature: The Ultimate Billionaires List!

I enjoy creating lists of top entrepreneurs, bloggers, etc - and we have our own Internet Entrepreneurs Rich List - but the list I look forward to reading most each year is Forbes's annual list of the world's billionaires.

2021 - 35th annual Forbes list of the world's billionaires

The 2021 list included 2,755 billionaires with a total net wealth of $13.1 trillion, up 660 members from 2020.

86% of these billionaires had more wealth than they possessed last year.

#6 William "Bill" Gates

Birth Place: Seattle, Washington, USA

Industry: Information Technology, Computer Science

Influence: Changed the Personal Computer Forever

Net Worth: As of February 2022, Bill Gates had an estimated net worth of US $130 billion, making him the fourth-richest person in the world.

Website: www.gatesfoundation.org

Why this entrepreneur made the list...

Bill Gates, the second richest Billionaire on the planet, one of the most recognized names in the world, as much a celebrity as the pop stars and movie stars because of his high public profile.

Bill has always been in the limelight since he began his career way back, aged 13yrs. This is when Bill, Paul Allen, and some others from high school started using computers for the first time. The DEC PDP-10 was one of those early computers.

Bill, Allen, and their friends studied the inner workings and made notes of coding language, and tried to decipher it to understand how a computer worked.

They were eventually banned from the DEC PDP-10 after they were caught exploiting code "bugs" which allowed them to extend the time they had been allocated on the machine.

In 1973, after completing high school with a 1600 (top score) in his SAT's, he enrolled at the University of Harvard. While studying at Harvard Bill made a new friend in Steve Ballmer. They have continued to be friends to this day and Ballmer took over as CEO of Microsoft upon Gate's early retirement.

After spending much of his study time at the helm of the University's computer systems, Bill left Harvard to start his own business. This was partly because of the launch of the Altair 8800, which used Intel's new cpu 8080. This had gotten Bill excited by the prospects of what he could do with this new technology.

Many people call Bill Gates a college drop-out, or that he failed college, this is not true at all; it was a decision he made himself; he did not fail or give in he saw an opportunity the same as many entrepreneurs and he took a huge leap of faith that eventually paid off.

Having gained interest from MIT's director Bill and Allen, created an emulator that ran on a microcomputer to simulate a computer they had no access to (but had said they had) to show to Ed Roberts (MIT). They received a deal from MIT and began working on their new business in 1975 with the company name "Micro-Soft" although in 1976 they changed it to Microsoft, dropping the hyphen.

Success is a lousy teacher. It seduces smart people into thinking they can't lose.

Throughout the year's Bill and Allen made some amazing advancements in computer technology and partnered with some massive businesses to gain the capital they needed to start the manufacturing of their own products and software. IBM approached Microsoft in 1980 asking for them to develop code for their BASIC (computer language) computer the IBM PC, MS DOS was created and this made Microsoft a big player in the industry overnight. In 1985, a decade after beginning their business, they launched the first-ever copy of MS Windows.

As we know Microsoft became the standard in computer technology and has now become the largest computer information and technology business in the world. Bill Gates has a personal fortune of around $98 Billion which he uses to help very worthy causes and charities; including his own, the Gates Foundation.

It's fine to celebrate success but it is more important to heed the lessons of failure.

#7 Larry Page

Birth Place: East Lansing, Michigan, USA

Industry: I.T entrepreneur, Computer Science

Influence: Revolutionized Online Searching and Media

Net Worth: $58.3 billion (2020)

Why this entrepreneur made the list...

Co-Founder of one of the most recognized search engine in the world: Google.

It's no wonder why Larry became interested and later an entrepreneur within the computer science industry.

His parents were both computer science professors at the University of Michigan. Being of quite a wealthy background, Larry was a very lucky person. He attended the Montessori Radmoor School (formerly the Okemos Montessori School) and later completed a degree in the science of computer engineering (BA Honors Degree) and completing a Masters Degree in Computer Science from Stanford University.

In 1995 Larry met Sergey Brin, who was a fellow Stanford student. They became close friends and eventually went into business together in 1996, forming the company Google Incorporated. Larry alongside his partner Brin ran Google Inc. as co-presidents of the company until hiring the CEO Eric Schmidt.

Larry and Brin got their first financial backing from Andy Bechtolsheim, one of the co-founders of Sun Microsystems, with the sum of $100,000. It was here that Page's "Web Crawler" was soon to become the search engine we know today.

Starting from his Stanford University home page, the web crawler searched the internet for web pages, with the home page being the only starting point. To assess the importance of the information which the Web Crawler had found; Page and Brin created a complex algorithm which the late named PageRank.

In 1999, just three years since they went into business, Larry and Brin, after being hounded by investors, accepted $25 million investment from Kliener Perkins Caufield and Sequoia Capital.

By 2001 Google, now global; was producing profits of over $100 million, and by 2003 had raised those profits to $960 million a massive amount growth in just two years!

In 2020, Google is worth $632 billion or there abouts.

Google Parent Company: Alphabet Passes $1 Trillion In Market Value

How much do you really know about Google's founders, Larry Page and Sergey Brin? The Google Guys skips past the general Google story and focuses on what really drives the company's founders.

#8 Sergey Brin

Birth Place: Moscow, Russia

Industry: I.T , Computer Science

Influence: Revolutionized Online Searching and Media

Net Worth: $56.2 billion (2020)

Why this entrepreneur made the list...

As you'll already know (at least if you read about Larry Page, above) Sergey Brin is one of the co-founders of Google Inc.

Brin immigrated to the United States of America with his family aged just 6yrs old, and although he is both Russian in terms of ethnicity and background, he is a citizen of America, with his nationality set as American.

His grandfather and his father both had studied mathematics in the past and Sergey was also keen on the topic, more than likely after seeing his father and grandfather work on various equations and projects as a child.

He graduated from the University of Maryland with a degree in mathematics and computer science. He then began studying at Stanford University for a PH.D in computer science, a topic Sergey was keen to explore further. It was at Stanford that Sergey met Larry Page, another student of computer science.

Sergey and Larry worked together, and even though they had relatively mediocre computer systems available, they frantically worked at developing new search engine designs and algorithms.

They started doing this basically because they wanted to cause disruption to the Stanford online website infrastructure, but in doing so, they had masterfully created a search engine with massive potential, and all by accident.

They upped their game and the inner workings of the code further and further; perfecting the algorithms and creating the unique PageRank system.

The pair suspended their studies and went on to co-found the company Google Inc. the same Google which we love and hate today.

#9 Sir Richard Branson

Born: 18 July 1950

Birth Place: Blackheath, London, England, UK

Industry: British industrialist

Influence: Music, Travel, Charity

Net worth?: ?US$4.4 billion (April 2020)

Website: www.virgin.co.uk

Richard Branson is a well-known British industrialist, probably best known for his company the Virgin Group, which holds over 360 different companies.

Richard Branson started his education at Scaitcliffe school in 1963 continued by his attendance at Stowe School in 1965. In 1966 Branson started his first successful business venture; a Student Magazine.

In 1970, Branson created another company; which was a mail-order retail business. Its first major success came when Mike Oldfield signed the Virgin Group and had a record which went platinum quickly.

Following the success of Mike Oldfield, more bands signed with the Virgin Group, including The Sex Pistols, which was one of the biggest.

You don't learn to walk by following rules. You learn by doing, and by falling over.

In 1984 Richard Branson formed the Virgin Atlantic Airways company, or as we know today, virgin Airways; which has been a great success just like many of his previous companies before it.

Probably one of Branson's most notorious business ventures to date is Virgin Galactic, which is aiming to take passengers into space, which he calls space tourism.

The Virgin Galactic company according to rumor will license the technology behind the so-called spaceship one which is being funded by Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen and Burt Rutan who is an American engineer well-known for his aeronautical work.

Sir Richard Branson is one of the greatest entrepreneurs the UK has ever produced. Without him a lot of things wouldn't be how they are today, such as the music we listen to, the charities we support, and quite possibly soon space travel.

Related Post: What Do Super-Rich People Spend Their Money On?

My favorite Richard Branson book: Losing My Virginity: How I Survived, Had Fun, and Made a Fortune Doing Business My Way

#10 Thomas Alva Edison

Birth Place: Milan, Ohio, USA

Industry: Science

Influence: His Inventions Changed the World

Net worth: $12,000,000

Wikipedia Page | Website: www.thomasedison.com

Why this historical entrepreneur made the list...

I felt obligated to add Thomas Edison to this list due to his motivation and persistence, which makes him a true entrepreneur, even after thousands of failures.

Although Thomas didn't have a terrible upbringing in terms of the money sense, he was a poorly child. Ill a lot of his early life, he suffered from a severe ear infection that rendered him deaf in one of his ears, although some say he was deaf in both. He also developed scarlet fever as a boy, nearly dying because of it.

After becoming a minor celebrity for saving a toddler from being hit by a train, Thomas was offered a job as telegraph operator.

Thomas created thousands of inventions and patents, failing a lot more times than succeeding. However, his first taste of glory came when he developed the tinfoil phonograph. After working as a telegraph operator, he wanted to create a way of making a telegraph transmitter to work in a more efficient way. He did this by realising that it sounded very similar to spoken words when the tape from the machine was played at a fast pace.

Developing his idea further he recorded a message through this means creating his first successful invention that lead the way for many more. Thomas Edison was a very patient and passionate man, motivated by success he tried and failed many times before getting some of his inventions to work. Some of his inventions we still use today, and many of them changed the world.

This staggering new biography, portrays the unknown Edison-the philosopher, the futurist, the chemist, the botanist, the wartime defense adviser and founder of nearly 250 companies.

NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER * From Pulitzer Prize-winning author Edmund Morris comes a revelatory new biography of Thomas Alva Edison, the most prolific genius in American history.

# 11 Ariana Huffington

Birth Place: Athens, Greece
Industry: Blogging Columnist and Author

Influence: A Pioneer in Blogging and Online News

Net Worth: Arianna Huffington has an estimated net worth of $60 million

Website: www.HuffingtonPost.com

Why Ariana made the list...

Arianna Huffington has become one of the most influential in blogging.

Some of you may not know this, but she is also an off-line author, writing a biography of Maria Callas in 1981 and a biography about Picasso eight years later in 1989.

She became better known in the early 90s because of her support for conservative causes during her ex-husband's unsuccessful bid for the Senate in (1994).

She later co-founded the Huffington Post with Ken Lerer and Jonah Peretti.

One of the greatest skills of leadership is being unflappable. Anytime you do anything in the world; there's going to be criticism.

The website provides a mass of valuable information regarding politics, business, lifestyle, and environmental causes and media and entertainment news.

In 2000 they launched their very first local versions of The Huffington Post called HuffPost Chicago, and soon afterwards came New York, Denver and Los Angeles versions.

Besides writing articles for the blog herself, she also has the help from many of her famous supporters such as Rosie O'Donnell and Harry Shearer.

She has also won many awards through the Huffington post; such as winning the People's Voice Award in the 2010 webby awards, she also won the 2006 and 2007 webby award for best politics blog and in 2009 the blog was named second in the best 25 blogs of 2009 in Time magazine.

#12 Matthew Boulton

Age: 80yrs (Died: 17 th August 1809)

Birth Place: Birmingham, West Midlands UK

Industry: Entrepreneurial Manufacturer

Influence: Pioneered many manufacturing processes.

Net Worth: Unknown

Why this historical entrepreneur made the list...

Matthew Boulton was a pioneer in manufacturing. He was not born into wealthy circumstances; his father was a toy maker at the time of his birth.

Matthew attended a local school and upon leaving; he joined his father's business. At the age of 21yrs Matthew married Mary Robinson, the daughter of a wealthy Mercer (Mercer; a silk, linen and fustian textile merchant).

Eventually, he took charge of his father's business (1757). When his father died, he took an interest in precious metals; leaving the toy trade behind.

With a new trade under his belt, Matthew traveled throughout the United Kingdom, selling his goods wherever he could.

After a short time, he negotiated with a highly regarded friend to present a sword to Prince Edward as a gift, however, it was Prince Edward's older brother; Prince George III, the heir to the throne of England and later the King of England, that was truly interested in the gift.

In 1761, after using most of his wealth which had accumulated from his two marriages, and the inheritance he received from his father, he bought a larger property for his growing business.

That property was Soho House, a very large premises in Staffordshire, England. He began production at Soho and introduced modern production methods and pioneered an "insurance scheme" for his workers.

He became widely known for his perfectionist characteristics and his many technological advancements within manufacturing processes.

Soho House was a must-visit place for the rich and powerful and he regularly had people of royal stature coming to stay with him so they could see and learn more about his work and techniques.

Later in life Matthew became infatuated with science and astronomy. He became well known for this work. He was made the Sheriff of Staffordshire before his death in 1809.

By the time he died, Matthew had become one of the wealthiest and most pioneering manufacturers and entrepreneurs in the UK. Quite the achievement for someone who started out as the son of a humble toy maker.

Recommended Entrepreneurial Reading:

=> 15 Success Habits you must adopt to live the life of your dreams

=> 21 Ways Successful Entrepreneurs Think Differently

#13 Peter Jones

Birth Place: Maidenhead, Berks, United Kingdom

Industry: Telecommunications

Influence: Investing in young entrepreneurs

Net Worth: £485 million (2019)

Website: www.peterjones.tv

Why this entrepreneur made the list...

Peter Jones CBE is probably best known by the public for his role on Dragon's Den, a British television programme which is broadcast on the BBC.

He is a British entrepreneur whose main business dealings have been within the mobile telecommunication, media and leisure industries.

We know him in the USA for his television programme the American Inventor, on which he judges businesses in an almost X-factor style show for business.

His first business venture to earn him money was a tennis academy, which he set up aged 16.

His second and also successful business venture was different, in that it was a technological company that manufactured PCs. However, the business went bankrupt after failing to receive payment from his customers.

This led to him having to give up his three-bedroom house and his cars, forcing him to move back in with his parents.

He then joined the company Siemens Nixdorf, and at 20 years of age he became the youngest ever head of a business unit in United Kingdom. After leaving Siemens Nixdorf he worked within the telecommunications industry and after a year of hard saving he set up his next business venture which was Phones International Group.

Times were obviously hard in the beginning as he has stated he had to sleep on the office floor until his business grew enough for him to find somewhere suitable to live. His business became successful and is revenue totalled nearly £14 million by the end of his first year which more than doubled in his second year when it nearly reached £45 million.

Peter James undoubtedly brought telecommunications to new heights and new levels within United Kingdom, and in doing so has made brave leaps of faith within business proving to be a true entrepreneur. ?

Since starting his second business venture he has been part of many other investments through the Dragon's Den programme on the BBC with most notable ones probably being; Reggae Reggae Sauce, Visual Talent, and Worthenshaws (now known as Kristy's).

# 14 Penny Streeter

Birth Place: Zimbabwe

Industry: Recruitment

Influence: Creating Employment Opportunities

Net Worth: £208 million

Website: www.a24group.com

Why Penny Streeter made the list...

Penny Streeter is not one of the better know entrepreneurs - but her story of success is one that inspires me.

After becoming homeless when she lost her job and her first marriage broke down, Penny Streeter turned her life around and became a successful businesswoman, now worth £208 million.

Penny Streeter was born in 1967, in Zimbabwe, and later attended the Alberton High school in Johannesburg, where she graduated in 1983. She then left South Africa and moved to the UK where she launched a recruitment business.

Unfortunately, in 1989 she was left penniless and homeless after the business failed and she went through a divorce.

But she didn't let that hold her back.

Six years later in 1995, after getting out of the terrible situation she was in previously, she set up business again, confident that this time she could be successful.

Her confidence and passion was rewarded when she launched a venture called Ambition 24hours. This was partially funded by working evenings as a party entertainer.

Ambition 24Hours turned out to be a significant success - specializing in recruitment of temporary staff to fulfill the need in sectors such as nursing, social workers, teachers, lecturers and carers.

In 2004 she made an £11 million investment plan in South Africa, launching a nursing agency. Just two years later in 2006 the company made its first major acquisition; making it the largest agency for temporary nursing personnel.

Her company is currently expanding in the UK and South Africa.

#15 Charles Kemmons Wilson

Birth Place: Osceola, Kansas, USA

Net Worth: $100 million

Website: holidayinn.com

Why this entrepreneur made the list...

Charles Kemmons Wilson is best known for his commitment and passion for the hotelier business.

Supposedly, Charles came up for his idea of his business venture after a road trip brought to his attention the fact that many of the roadside motels were definitely not up to scratch in both quality and consistency for the era.

He became a hotelier; he wanted to make hotels and motels; more friendly, consistent, of a higher quality, and be somewhere that people really enjoy coming back to again and again.

He and his business partner Wallace E. Johnson named the business Holiday Inn of America, rumored to have come from one of his architects as a joke referring to the Bing Crosby movie.

In 1957 Wilson franchised chain, and it grew dramatically. By 1958 Wilson and Johnson had managed to create 50 different Holiday Inns all across the country and by the following year that had double to 100.

Within five years the number of Holiday Inns had reached a level of 500 (1964). ?

Remarkably Wilson had reached the magic number 1000 different Holiday Inn's across the country by 1968, just over a decade from starting a business from scratch.

Wilson created some innovative ways to leverage the market, which puts a lot of pressure financially on traditional hotels and its bigger competitors such as Howard Johnson's, Best Western, and even the Ramada Inn Company.

There were 1400 holiday Inn hotels across the world by 1972, which funnily enough was the same year that Charles Wilson appeared on the cover of Time magazine.

In 1979 Charles Wilson retired from the hotelier business, and in doing so retire and The Holiday Inn Corporation (Holiday Corporation), was taken over by the UK-based company Bass PLC.

However, it wasn't until 1990 that Charles Wilson sold the rest of his shares to Bass PLC and that company gained full control became known worldwide.

#16 Simon Nixon

Birth Place: Chester, Wales, UK

Industry: Financial

Influence: Revolutionized Online Financial Systems

Website: www.moneysupermarket.com

Why this entrepreneur made the list...

Simon Nixon is one of those entrepreneurs that likes to keep his cards close to his chest, and his personal life private. Therefore, until 2008, there wasn't much information on Simon Nixon.

If you don't already know who he is, Simon Nixon is best known as the man who founded Money Supermarket.

Moneysupermarket.com Group PLC is a British price comparison website-based business specialising in financial services. The website enables consumers to compare prices on a range of products, including energy car insurance, home insurance, travel insurance, mortgages, credit cards and loans.

Simon Nixon established the business in 1993 while still a student at the Nottingham University in the United Kingdom.

A contact - Duncan Cameron, who was also an off-line mortgage adviser, liked the idea and invested a little in Simon Nixon's idea.

In 1999 Nixon took the business online, providing online mortgage information and expanding to provide services within the credit card and personal loans sector.

With a combination of brilliant and refreshing customer service the business grew beyond his wildest dreams and in 2003 he opened up another website under the money supermarket brand called insuresupermarket.com

Then in 2004 he launched travelsupermarket.com.

The business was growing and in 2007 Duncan Cameron had sold his share of 47% which Simon Nixon bought for approximately £162 million.

In the same year, the company listed on the London stock exchange and has now grown into on of the UK's best know businesses - famous in part for their amusing TV commercials, staring among others comedian Omid Djalili.

#17 Anita Roddick

Birth Place: Littlehampton, UK

Industry: cosmetics

Influence: Green Product Pioneer.

Net Worth: $1.03 billion

Why this entrepreneur made the list...

Dame Anita Roddick created The Body Shop in 1976 with just 15 products that she had sourced herself from around the world.
Anita had traveled extensively before opening up her business and with her husband and two girls in tow she set off to create something special.

Unlike today, it was a massive task of get shoppers to part with money for "Greener" products. Fortunately, with motivation, a dollop of passion and a pinch of luck, Anita succeeded. ?

Soon, she opened another store, and another, and another. The Body Shop just seemed to grow and grow.

Anita had built her empire to a whopping 1,980 The Body Shop stores, with over 75 million customers worldwide in 50 different countries by 2003 when she was then bought out in a very controversial deal with L'Oreal.

It was controversial due to The Body Shop not using ANY products tested on animals, as opposed to L'Oreals company, which did.

The deal made her £652.3 million ($1.03 billion) better off. A well-deserved reward for her many years of service to "green consumerism".

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#18 Donald Trump

Birth Place: New York City, New York, USA

Industry: Real Estate

Influence: Pioneer in Real Estate, Empowering Entrepreneur, and 45th President of the United States.

Why this entrepreneur made the list...

Some people love him. Some people hate him.

Just about everyone has an opinion of him.

There may well have been no other entrepreneur in history, quite like Donald Trump!

Donald Trump was born and raised in Queens, a borough of New York City.

He has experienced significant success and failure.

But when failure came, he overcomes it again and again.

Donald Trump began working for his father in the late 1960s.

It was here that he first shined and showed the world just where he was headed.

He started his career by successfully revamping a failing complex with an appalling occupancy percentage, turning it into a comfortable complex with 100% occupancy.

He succeeded again a few years later when he took on a massive project that the city of New York had failed to complete. He completed the project using less than a third of the remaining budget.

Donald Trump as we know has not been just a successful businessman, he's had his difficulties, and he's been to a point where most entrepreneurs would have given up.

In 1992 Donald Trump had to sign a bankruptcy plan because he could not make payments towards his debts - which were accumulating at quite a speed. His personal debt (not a business debt), was an incredible $900 million! Can you seriously imagine being in debt by that much money?

However, not want to disappoint; Trump managed to not only get out of his debt and get his business out of debt, but he also climbed straight back up that ladder and become a multi-billionaire.

Since this article was first posted in 2010, Donald Trump has gone on to become The 45th President of the United States (2017 - 2021) making him the head of state and head of government of the United States of America.

Quite the achievement for an entrepreneur, no matter what your political leanings are.

#19 Oprah Gail Winfrey

Birth Place: Kosciusko, Mississippi, USA

Industry: Media and Entertainment

Influence: Empowering People, Female Media Pioneer

Net Worth: $2.8 billion

Why this entrepreneur made the list...

This is not the first time I have spoken about Oprah Winfrey and it probably won't be the last.

Oprah often appears in discussions about entrepreneurs.

The reason Oprah is an influential entrepreneur, is that she's been through so much - yet accomplished so much more.

After being the subject of vicious sexual attack at the age of nine, she later became pregnant and lost the child at birth when she was only 14 years of age.

In 1986 she famously revealed this to her shocked viewers on her live show. Her fame came to fruition in 1983, when her seductive character and genuine love of people gained her the job of her dreams; as a talk-show host.

The following exposure was explosive, and she soon became one of the most famous, most loved, and most professional people in the entertainment industry.

However, she did not want to stop there as she felt there was another side to her, a side of which she wanted to pursue, her entrepreneurial side. In 1988 following her instincts she founded the company Harpo Studios, which for those of you not realised is Oprah spelt backwards.

This business grew in leaps and bounds, most likely because of her television career, which gave her a massive amount of advertising is every day. The company now has over 250 employees and is growing every year. She also co-founded oxygen media, which helps attract over 50 million viewers. Because of all the skills she possesses, and her entrepreneurial side, she's created reported personal wealth of $2.8 billion.

#20 Steve Case

Birth Place: Honolulu, Hawaii, USA

Industry: Internet Services

Influence: Helped Pioneer Online Services

Net Worth: US$1.37 billion (December 2015)

You may or you may not know Steve Case. He's one of those rich and successful entrepreneurs, with a gigantic company who likes his privacy.

He was born, and he grew up in Honolulu, Hawaii and graduated in 1976 from a private school. Later he attended Williams College in Williamstown, Massachusetts, and graduated with a degree in political science.

In 1982, after having worked as an assistant brand manager at Procter and Gamble, he joined the Pizza Hut incorporation in Kansas, and served as one of the Pizza Hut marketing managers.

In 1983 he met Bill Von Meister, who was a contact of his older brother. His company was creating a marketing service to the Atari game console, which allowed the users to download certain games using only a phone line and a modem.

This was considered an amazing advancement in technology. Later in the same year Von Meister hired Steve Case to become a marketing consultant for a business, which at the time was almost going bankrupt.

In 1985 Steve Case co-founded a business called Quantum Computer Services, where he became Vice President of marketing.

His entrepreneurial character, and passion meant he eventually became Chairman and CEO of the company in 1991 and 1995, respectively.

In 1988 his business began working with Apple and PC link, helping create online services for both.

Later in 1991 Case changed the company's name to America online, and later that same year integrated the Apple and PC services under the name AOL. ?

Over the following years Steve Case along with his team made many innovative online games, most of them being very successful.

After 10 years with amazing growth throughout the business, AOL and Time Warner merged.

The mergers were worth approximately $164 billion, and they completed it in 2000. Over the course of the next five years the business seemed to take a very sudden downturn due to the recession of the dot-com boom.

In 2005 Case left AOL and Time Warner so he could spend more time on his own business, Revolution LLC, (an American investment firm) which is a company he co-founded in 2005. Notable investments include LivingSocial and Zipcar.

#21 George Eastman

Birth Place: Waterville, New York, USA

Industry: Photographic

Influence: A Pioneer in Photography

Net Worth: $100 million

Why this historical entrepreneur made the list...

Many of you will know the company Kodak, and many of you have probably used some of their products whether it be a digital camera, 35mm film, or even their processing services. ?

What you may not know or rather who you may not know is the man he made it all happen.

George Eastman was a self-educated man born in Waterville, New York, and is most notable legacy alongside his massive generosity, donating literally millions of dollars of his own personal wealth to charities and hospitals, is the invention of a roll of film.

He played a leading role in transforming photography as a form, bringing it from a very expensive hobby into the public domain so that anybody could take photographs and keep their memories forever.

The Kodak company was founded in 1884, and although Eastman had founded the business, he was more intrigued with the inventions within the photography industry rather than running the business.

Because of this, he hired Henry Strong as the president of Eastman Kodak.

In 1885, Eastman invented the roll film, which was used worldwide for over 100 years. It was also the basis for the motion picture camera film which early filmmakers such as Thomas Ava Edison used.

In 1888 Eastman registered Kodak as an official Trademark. He also came up with the "phrase You Press the Button and We Do the Rest". ?

Eastman died in 1932 but not before donating masses of his personal fortune to many causes, such as the University of Rochester and the Royal Free Hospital.

# 22 Carlos Slim Helu

Birth Place: Mexico City, Mexico

Industry: Telecommunication

Influence: Investments and Telecommunications

Net Worth: $49.4 billion USD (2020)

Website: www.carlosslim.com

Carlos started in business at aged eight when his father asked him to help with the family store, however his personal wealth began after he inherited a large amount of real estate from his parents. He leveraged the capital in the real estate to create the huge company he has today.

In the 1970s some of his assets became part of a group called Grupo Galas S. A, which was later Grupo, Carso.

This business had many departments such as restaurants, real estate, mining, tobacco, railways, and also department stores. Later in the 1980s a further 30+ companies joined his group, some of them very well known and well respected. Carlos Slim Helú also took control of the majority of shares of Cigatam, a tobacco business.

Cigatam, for those of you that don't know, are the manufacturers of Marlboro cigarettes and many other brands of cigarettes. In the 1980s Carlos Slim Helú sold a massive 50% of his shares in this business just as the market was at its peak, giving him a considerable fortune.

He used the money from this sale to purchase a business chain called Sanborns, which again included restaurants, music stores and bookshops to name a few. In the 1990s he got Sears one of the country's largest department stores to join his group.

Later he won a bid for the privatization of Teléfonos de México, also known as Telmex. With Telmex he incorporated a partnership with France Telecom and Bell Canada which brought him great success.

His business now controls 90% of all landlines within Mexico. With his fortune he has been an amazing example of what an investor should be, investing in companies such as Apple Computer Inc, MSN, and Red Uno (a national Bolivian television network) and Coca-Cola.

# 23 Walt Disney

Birth Place: Samur, France

Industry: Entertainment

Influence: Pioneered Entertainment

Net Worth: $1.1 billion

Website: www.Disney.go.com

I'm 100% certain every reader today, reading this will know of Walt Disney.

He is one of the finest examples of a successful entrepreneur.

His first break in entertainment came when he was hired by the Kansas City film Ad Company, where he learned to make animations from cut-outs.

He was then given a massive inspiration after reading the book by Edwin G. Lutz; Animated Cartoons: how they are made.

Upon reading it and getting quite excited about the prospects of becoming a professional animator he left Kansas City Film Ad Company. Laugh-O-Grams his second business went bankrupt; which was mainly down to the studio costs, staff costs and and lack of business to bring in revenue to pay for them. Which meant he wasn't a bad businessman, he was just bad with money.

Having really learned his lesson from failing so miserably, Walt and his brother Roy went to Hollywood where they managed to secure a distributor deal to help with the business. Things grew more and more successful and the business started to go from strength to strength.

His unique characters and his ability to bring animation to life really brought the fans to the cinemas and theatres. Walt Disney received an Academy award in 1932 for his efforts in animation, thanks to his new found fans who were demanding more cartoons featuring Mickey Mouse.

Walt Disney continues his success for another 34 years before his death they left behind a legacy which is now called the Walt Disney Co.

In 2019, the Walt Disney Company held assets worth a total of over 193.98 billion U.S. dollars. In the same year, the company generated global revenue of 69.57 billion U.S. dollars, marking the highest figure to-date

# 24 Adam D'Angelo

Birth Place: USA

Title: CEO of Quora and investor

Net Worth: In 2016 quoted as having a net worth of $600 million dollars

Wikipedia Entry | Website: https://www.quora.com

Adam D'Angelo is an American internet entrepreneur. He is best known as the co-founder and CEO of Quora, based in Mountain View, California. He was chief technology officer of Facebook, and also served as its vice president of engineering, until 2008. In June 2009, he started Quora.

D'Angelo was an advisor to and investor in Instagram before its acquisition by Facebook in 2012.

In 2018, he joined the board of directors of OpenAI

#25 Linda Bennett

Birth Place: Somerset, UK

Industry: Clothing and Retail

Influence: Inspiring Fashion and Entrepreneurs

Website: www.lkbennett.com

Linda Kristin Bennett is an English clothing designer and entrepreneur, best known for founding the fashion retailer L.K.Bennett.

Linda Bennett is truly a remarkable entrepreneur, not only has she made it in a very saturated industry but she has made it by working her way from the bottom to the top.

Her passion is in the clothing industry. Bennett started LK Bennett fashion group in 1990, selling a 70% stake 18 years later to two private equity groups in a £100m deal.

The reason she it named LK Bennett was because her middle name is Kristin and she thought it would make for a more professional sounding business name.

Bennett trained at Hackney's cordwainer's College and at Reading University, where she studied land management as well. Bennett still likes to design many of her brand items and is constantly creating new shoes for her brand.

Aged 26 she opened an accessories shop in Wimbledon with just £13,000 worth of savings and a £15,000 bank loan. Her goal was to produce "something in-between the designer footwear you find in Bond Street and those on the high street"

Because of her equal emphasis on comfort and glamour, LK Bennett earned the nickname "Queen of the Kitten Heel".

She turned this into one of the most stylistic and high end brands within the clothing industry, creating shoes for the likes of the Duchess of Cornwall, which she wore for her wedding in 2005 to Prince Charles.

With an entrepreneurial streak Bennett has placed all the stores in very prime locations, just in reach of her ideal customer base. In 2004 she wanted to sell the business and asked for £75 million ($117.8 million) however the asking price was not met and she kept hold of the business.

Just four years on she sold the business to a private equity firm called Phoenix Equity partners and Sirius Equity. The deal was for a rumoured £70 million ($110 million). Bennett remained on the board of the company as a non-executive director and retained a stake of about 30 per cent.

In 2006, Bennett was awarded an OBE for services to the fashion industry in the UK New Year Honours list.

# 26 Madame C. J. Walker

Birth Place: Delta, Louisiana, USA

Industry: Haircare

Influence: Hair Care Pioneer, Empowered Female Entrepreneurs

Net Worth: She Had a Net Worth of $600,000 When She Died

Madame CJ Walker was an American entrepreneur, philanthropist, and political and social activist. She is recorded as the first female self-made millionaire in America in the Guinness Book of World Records.

Although her fortune of $600,000 may not seem alot compared to others the reason why we included her was because of the inspirational life she lived. She built an empire, through hard work and determination, and because of that she was an inspiration to other female would-be entrepreneurs.(at at time when they were quite rare)

Walker, born Sarah Breedlove, is best known for being America's first African-American entrepreneur, and being one of the wealthiest women of her era.

A lot of the women in her era experienced hair loss. It's thought this was because of a lack of indoor plumbing and electricity, which made it hard for them to bathe every day.

Walker had experienced this also (hair loss) and so she experimented with some of own home-made remedies. They work so well that she decided that it was worth investing in and creating a business out of it.

The products were an instant hit, and soon stores all across the country were selling them. In 1908 she opened a College for hair care trainees, and in 1910 she moved to Indianapolis and established a factory which she used as her main headquarters.

Later in her life she taught and lectured female entrepreneurs to help them build their own businesses and to gain their own freedom and independence.

This made quite a name for her and she later joined the National Association of the advancement of coloured people also known as the NAACP. She joined them to stop hate crimes and to ban lynching, making it a federal crime.

She died in 1919 because of apparent kidney failure, leaving behind her fortune and the manufacturing business to her daughter A'Lelia Walker.

But though the doors of her manufacturing company have long since shut, Madam C.J. Walker's original brand still lives on. In 2013, Sundial Brands-the company that owns popular hair-care labels like Shea Moisture- purchased Madam C.J. Walker Enterprises

# 27 Coco Chanel

Birth Place: Samur, France

Industry: Fashion

Influence: Fashion and Perfume Pioneer

Net Worth: $160 million

Why this entrepreneur made the list...

Coco Chanel is one of those names that slips off the tongue, doesn't it? It's one of those names that we all know and probably one of those names we associate with the world of fashion and her perfumery.

Known worldwide, Coco Chanel was one of the most creative and successful entrepreneurs of her era. Her first chosen career was that of a singer, although she couldn't get the work whether that was because she had a poor voice or because there was such excellent singers at the time I'm not quite sure.

However, it spurred her into becoming the entrepreneur we know her as today. In 1910 she became a hat maker and opened up her own beauty in the Paris, France. The business was a success and in 1913 she opened a boutique in Deauville, where she began introducing a luxury line of casual clothing which were apparently suitable for leisure or sport.

In 1921, after concocting a perfume for herself, she found other people enjoyed it so much that she introduced it to her boutique and she called it Chanel No. 5.

This perfume was the first of its kind, by that I mean that it was the first perfume that was ever sold worldwide and not just within a singular state or country.

1939 at the beginning of World War II, Chanel closed her, now many, boutiques as she believed it to be the wrong time to sell fashion. However, after four years without working, she decided it was time to renew her passion.

1945 after moving back to Paris (she had previously moved to Switzerland), she continued with their collections of luxury clothing and perfumes, and although her new collections at first did not have much success with the Parisians she was very successful with the British and American customers.

In 2019, her legacy, the Chanel brand was valued at approximately 11.5 billion.

# 28 Martha Stewart

Birth Place: Jersey City, New Jersey, USA

Industry: Television, magazine publisher

Influence: Health, Entertainment, Advice

Website: www.MarthaStewart.com

Why Martha made the list...

As founder of Martha Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia Inc, she has enjoyed enormous success in multiple business ventures. Helen Stewart is an American businesswoman and television personality .

Today, Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia Inc. is a diversified media and merchandising company and is owned by Marquee Brands LLC since April 2019.

Martha Stewart created incredible success for herself through a plethora of business ventures such as publishing, merchandising, presenting and also broadcasting.

Perhaps the most recognizable thing that many of you will think of when you think of Martha Stewart is her prison time. In 2004 she was convicted of lying to an investigator regarding a stock sale and served only five months in prison. (Just so the British readers understand, lying to an investigator in the US is a federal offense punishable by up to 5 years in prison.)

Many people thought inside the prison she would deteriorate and possibly have a mental breakdown however that did not happen, and on her return from prison, she bounced back massively and became even more successful than before.

In 2005 she released a book that was highly publicized because of her comeback. It became a best seller.

On TV she had the Martha Stewart show and also appeared on The Apprentice: Martha Stewart. Today, with her merchandise in many stores around the US, her lucrative television deals and her many books and magazines, she has an approximate net worth of $800million.

#29 Simon Fuller

Birth Place: Dhekelia, Cyprus

Industry: Music

Influence: Television and Music Pioneer

Net Worth: $600 Million (2020)

Website: www.industrial-media.com/19Entertainment

Why this entrepreneur made the list...

Simon Fuller, although born in Cyprus, is a British artist manager and television producer manager. He's also the television producer and the founding creator of the Pop Idol franchise.

Pop Idol first appeared in the UK and there are now over 100 different versions including American Idol and Australian Idol to name just a few.

He has also being a manager for some talented performers - the most notable ones being Annie Lennox, the Spice Girls, and S Club 7.

He was the chief executive in 19 Entertainment, which has offices in London, LA, and New York. He founded that business in 1985 after leaving Chrysalis Ltd, where he worked with some of the most profound names in the music industry, such as Madonna.

In 1985, aged only 25 years old, he signed the musician Paul Hardcastle and his first song went to number one in both the UK and the US charts with his Vietnam song,"19".

In 1999 he got his first taste of working in television after he had auditioned over 10,000 people to form a new pop band. That band became known as S Club 7.

The band later became one of the most popular pop bands of the era, taking many number one places in the UK and the US charts. ?

Fuller came up with the idea for Pop Idol following the success of S Club 7. The process was a fun way to decide which musicians and singers to have in a band.

Pop Idol became an enormous success and later went over the waters to America where it was just as successful. Fuller persuaded some of the best presenters and judges in the entertainment industry to appear on the show, which created more hype and made the program even more successful.

#30 Michael Newton

Birth Place: Cheshire, UK

Industry: CCTV, Retail

Influence: Brought Revolutionary CCTV to the UK

Net Worth: The Sunday Times Rich List, Mike's wealth was estimated at £385m

Why this entrepreneur made the list...

Mike Newton, the founder and chief innovator at successful CCTV company NetVu - a pioneer of innovative technology and surveillance.

Michael changed the UK in big ways back in 1982 when he started with a CCTV system that monitored how long a person was at a snooker table (in a bar).

He soon introduced a line of multi-channel systems able to view across a broad range of areas all at once and not just in a singular location. He continued to add new systems to his arsenal and introduced them all to the UK.

Today, using Michael's CCTV systems, over 7 million images are recorded a second!

If it wasn't for his ingenuity and passion for what he did, it may have been another few years until the introduction of a similar CCTV device in the UK.

Not only did he make a fortune through his business; he also helped to make the UK a more secure and safe place to be.

In 1994 due to his enthusiastic interest in aviation, he learned how to fly, and soon passed his pilot's license. Being an entrepreneur, he decided to go into the aviation industry to try his hand at a new sector.

In 1998 he made the move into the commercial airline sector of the industry, which eventually led to the AD Aviation company he is now the CEO. Michael Newton was named Britain's Top Entrepreneur by Management Today magazine in 2005.

Related Reading: Mike's big break!

Are you looking to become an influential entrepreneur in your niche?

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30 Most Influential Entrepreneurs Of All Time

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30 of the most successful and influential entrepreneurs of all time. Both historical entrepreneurs, and modern entrepreneurs who have inspired many a person to become an entrepreneur. Famous entrepreneurs who changed the world. Inspiring stories of success and achievement from incredible business leaders.

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We live in an increasingly fast-changing and interconnected world. A world where many of the jobs of today will be obsolete tomorrow. A world where we need to equip our youth to have the skills and confidence to tackle some of the biggest problems facing our human family...we need a generation of changemakers.

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Who Is A Changemaker? - Changemaker International

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We live in an increasingly fast-changing and interconnected world. A world where many of the jobs of today will be obsolete tomorrow. A world where we need to equip our youth to have the skills and confidence to tackle some of the biggest problems facing our human family...we need a generation of changemakers.

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Who do you consider to be a changemaker?

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Who do you consider to be a changemaker?

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Dr. Nakeema Stefflbauer

The Brooklyn native spent a lot of time in North Africa and the Middle East throughout her twenties before finishing degrees at Harvard University with a focus on migration and integration, eventually honing her attention in on the marginalized community of the tech set up of Berlin. She realized that the city was very international and she wished to create a program that encouraged both gender and ethnic diversity in tech, thereby founding FrauenLoop. The organization helps to include refugee/immigrant/women with children in the tech industry and coaches and mentors girls and women by conducting various classes and career workshops.

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1920269

Congeita

When interacting with people it is best to listen first before answering , has sometime we are quick to say things before understanding. Also it is good to weigh up who you are speaking to first think about how you appear to others and how other come across to you.

Reply

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UUukBV82P9A

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Social Interaction & Performance: Crash Course Sociology #15

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tTb3d5cjSFI

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The secret to self control | Jonathan Bricker | TEDxRainier

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Things i need to do to take control of my own life is to focus me about me and think sometimes less of what people think of me,
I am in control of the ability to do what i want when i want. And should be able to contain mytself.

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https://i.ytimg.com/an_webp/H14bBuluwB8/mqdefault_6s.webp?du=3000&sqp=CKuawJUG&rs=AOn4CLBFZdkBfWgGyDsOvT3An2Qldu-xPA

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Topic 2
1920269

Congeita clarke-Young

Topic 2, 6 Basic emotions of who i am how i see myself and how others see me.

1, I sometimes keep all my emotions to myself,

2, i tend to observe people first then take my time getting to know them.

Hard working, passionate to who is really passionate to me.

3, i enjoy being alone at, i think a lot about different things all time.

4, i am aware of when my brain wonders, i also know my determination towards my success in future is to pass my assignments to do this.

5, having the passion to do things i enjoy i have to love doing it.

6, I am also slow at learning, but once i have mastered what i need to know then i try finish what i have to do has i do not like things that are left.

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https://youtu.be/AM5vBraC1X0

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Emotional
Logical
Moody
Tolerant

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Creativity is a process involving the generation of new ideas or concepts, new associations between existing ideas or concepts, and their substantiation into a product that has novelty and originality. From a scientific point of view, the products of creative thought (sometimes referred to as divergent thought) are usually considered to have both “originality” and “appropriateness.” An alternative, more everyday conception of creativity is that it is simply the act of making something new.

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Creativity expert Sir Ken Robinson challenged the way we educate our children, championing a radical rethink of how our school systems cultivate creativity and acknowledge multiple types of intelligence.

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the things that i have control over :
1.  my thoughts
2. my actions
3. my attitude

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1. Passion fuels motivation.

2. Passion boosts focus.

3. Passion pushes to be more creative.

4. Passion makes you happier

5. Passion drives towards goals

6. passion gives enthusiasm

7. passion inspires loyalty

8. passion eventually turns to success

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Japan's new blueprint for a super-smart society, Society 5.0, is a more far-reaching concept than the Fourth Industrial Revolution, for it envisions completely transforming the Japanese way of life by blurring the frontier between cyberspace and the physical space. Here, the author of the chapter on Japan in the last UNESCO Science Report (2015), Professor Yasushi Sato from Niigata University, explains why both the government and business leaders have high hopes for this strategy.
At year's end, Shinzo Abe is expected to become the first Japanese prime minister ever to serve more than eight years in office. During his record-breaking tenure, he has sought to revitalize Japan's economy by promoting 'Abenomics', which consists of 'three arrows': monetary easing, fiscal stimulus and a growth strategy.

These arrows were analysed by the UNESCO Science Report: towards 2030 (2015). The first two arrows have helped Japan's economy to stay afloat but it is the last component that will be all-important in the long run. After the Abe Cabinet issued its first growth strategy in 2013, this was revised every year until 2017, when it was overhauled to include the new concept of 'Society 5.0'.

The term refers to the idea that Society 5.0 will follow Society 1.0 (hunter-gatherer), Society 2.0 (agricultural), Society 3.0 (industrialized), and Society 4.0 (information). Also called the 'super-smart society', Society 5.0 envisions a sustainable, inclusive socio-economic system, powered by digital technologies such as big data analytics, artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things and robotics. The 'cyberphysical system', in which cyberspace and the physical space are tightly integrated, becomes a pervasive technological mode supporting Society 5.0. To some, the concept sounded like a lofty vision at first, with no clear prospect of how it would actually unfold. Today, it inspires enthusiasm.

The transition to Society 5.0 is deemed similar to the ' Fourth Industrial Revolution ', in that both concepts refer to the current fundamental shift of our economic world towards a new paradigm. However, Society 5.0 is a more far-reaching concept, as it envisions a complete transformation of our way of life.

In Society 5.0, any product or service will be optimally delivered to people and tailored to their needs. At the same time, Society 5.0 will help to overcome chronic social challenges such as an ageing population, social polarization, depopulation and constraints related to energy and the environment.

In Society 5.0, autonomous vehicles and drones will bring goods and services to people in depopulated areas. Customers will be able to choose the size, colour and fabric of their clothing online directly from the garment factory before having it delivered by drone. A doctor will be able to consult her patients in the comfort of their own home via a special tablet. While she examines them from a distance, a robot may be vacuuming the carpet. At the nursing home down the road, another robot may be helping to care for the aged. In the nursing home's kitchen, the refrigerator will be monitoring the condition of stocked foods to cut down on waste. The town will be powered by energy supplied in flexible and decentralized ways to meet the inhabitants' specific needs. On the outskirts, autonomous tractors will be toiling in the fields while, downtown, advanced cyberphysical systems will be maintaining vital infrastructure and standing by to replace retiring technicians and craftspeople, should there not be enough young people to fill the gap.

Society 5.0 has turned STI policy into a mainstream political agenda

The grand and somewhat nebulous concept of Society 5.0 has gradually become a centerpiece of the Abe Cabinet's growth strategy - which means that science, technology and innovation (STI) policy has now become a mainstream political agenda. Japan's regular budget for science and technology, which had remained in stasis over the financial years from 2002 to 2017 at around 3.6 trillion yen (US$33 billion), suddenly shot up to 3.8 trillion yen (US$35 billion) in 2018 then to 4.2 trillion yen (US$38 billion) in 2019. Although this is partly due to technical changes in the way in which the budget is calculated, such a substantial increase would have been inconceivable only a few years ago. Spurred by such a political driving force, Japan's investment in the development and application of digital technologies, as well as in basic research, has just got a significant boost.

Looking back, it was in 2016 that the concept of Society 5.0 first appeared in the Fifth Science and Technology Basic Plan, a five-year national strategy formulated by the Council for Science, Technology and Innovation (CSTI). The plan incorporated the findings of intensive deliberations by expert committees that had been administered by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) and the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) since 2014. This process led to Society 5.0 being established as a government-wide vision for the future of Japan. Of course, the longevity of the Abe cabinet has also created an environment that is conducive to fine-tuning the government's vision over time.

Robust support from industry for Society 5.0

At the same time, Society 5.0 has enjoyed robust support from industry. In 2015 and 2016, relevant ministers and business leaders met several times to discuss the direction that Japan should take. Just a few months after CSTI published the Fifth Science and Technology Basic Plan, the Japan Business Federation (Keidanren), which groups the nation's biggest corporations, published its own policy proposal for Society 5.0. A close relationship developed between the government and industry, particularly with Keidanren, giving Society 5.0 the momentum to move forward at a fast pace.

Government-industry collaboration has extended to a wide range of fields. Under the Growth Strategy Council - Investing for the Future, which is composed of ministers, company CEOs and academicians, Industry-Government Committees have been established for five key themes: (1) next-generation mobility/smart city, (2) smart public services, (3) next-generation infrastructure, (4) FinTech (financial technology)/cashless society, and (5) next-generation healthcare. These committees are made up of business representatives and divisional directors from ministries.

Within this structure, visions and strategies for deploying digital technologies are discussed, as are challenges with regard to human resources, regulatory reform, open data and cybersecurity. The Council has also begun discussing the need for legislation to regulate the digital data market. This ties in with Prime Minister Shinzo Abe's announcement at the World Economic Forum in Davos last January that Japan would be using its chairmanship of the Group of 20 nations (G20) Summit on 28-29 June 2019 to promote the idea of expanding World Trade Organization rules beyond goods and services to encompass trade in data, as well. He said he would 'like Osaka G20 to be remembered as a summit that started worldwide data governance'.

Japan's Artificial Intelligence Technology Strategy is a key pillar of Society 5.0. It characterizes AI as a service and foresees three phases for AI development and use: (1) expanding use of data-driven AI in each service domain, (2) general use of AI and data across services, and (3) the formation of ecosystems through a complex merger of these services. The Artificial Intelligence Technology Strategy applies this framework to three priority areas of Society 5.0, namely health, mobility and productivity.

The strategy was published in March 2017 - thereby becoming only the second national strategy for AI, after that of Canada - by the Council for Artificial Intelligence Technology Strategy, which had been set up by CSTI in April 2016 to develop a roadmap for the industrialization of artificial intelligence. The council was comprised of presidents of universities and national research corporations, as well as business moguls like the former Chairman of Toyota.

More recently, CSTI has been deliberating on ethical principles related to research, development and use of AI. It will be putting the final touches to its Principles of a Human-centric AI Society in March this year.

Society 5.0 geared towards Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development

More recently, Society 5.0 took on a new significance. Both the Abe Cabinet's growth strategy and Keidanren's own policy proposals expect Society 5.0 to make a major contribution to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

As Society 5.0 is geared towards addressing societal challenges and realizing a sustainable, inclusive, human-centered society, the Japanese government and Keidanren deduce from this that Society 5.0 and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are pointing in the same direction.

Keidanren even revised its Charter of Corporate Behavior in November 2017, calling for its member corporations to 'proactively deliver on the SDGs through the realization of Society 5.0'.

Why is Japanese society committed to Society 5.0?

Japan as a whole seems to be increasingly committed to the vision of Society 5.0. Why? Behind the growing zeal for Society 5.0, there appears to be an ardent wish on the part of the Japanese government and business community to seize this golden opportunity to reverse lingering adverse trends. The economy grew by less than 2% in 2017 for the sixth year in a row. As recalled by the UNESCO Science Report (2015), Japan has experienced prolonged economic stagnation since the 1990s, owing to a combination of factors: ever-intensifying global competition, the changing structure of value creation in the new digital economy, depopulation and ageing, and growing fiscal pressure from rising government expenditure on social security.

Japan might be able to overcome such disadvantages by pursuing Society 5.0. Even though Japan has not been much of a leading light in digital industries so far, the nation may be able to take advantage of its traditional strengths in mechanical and material engineering to develop advanced cyberphysical systems. By actively introducing AI into the workplace, depopulation and ageing might cease to be disadvantages - or even become advantages - in a less labour-intensive economy.

Japan is facing some tough problems but the government and business leaders see the concept of Society 5.0 as being a way to overcome these. They reason that Japan might then be in a position to share its own experience with the rest of the world, given that other countries may encounter similar problems sooner or later. Already, Japan is not the only high-income country facing an ageing population and sluggish demographic growth, while struggling to compete in the new digital economy.

The Japanese government is now preparing to present its vision for Society 5.0 and the link between Society 5.0 and the SDGs to the G20 Summit in Osaka in June. EXPO 2025, which willbe held in Osaka on the themes of the SDGs and Society 5.0, should offer Japan another opportunity to share its novel vision for the future with the world.

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Japan pushing ahead with Society 5.0 to overcome chronic social challenges

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Japan's new blueprint for a super-smart society, Society 5.0, is a more far-reaching concept than the Fourth Industrial Revolution, for it envisions completely transforming the Japanese way of life by blurring the frontier between cyberspace and the physical space.

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