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This was an essay written by Brian Doyle in June 12, 2012 and was published in the Scholar. He writes this essay of the knowledge of the world and his son was born with 3 out of 4 chambers in his heart causing Doyle the value of the heart which gave him the purpose of writing this essay.

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The reason why Doyle wrote this essay is due to his son being born with 3 out of 4 chambers in his heart. Which he uses to assert the importance of the heart and how valuable it is and how valuable life is. Doyle brought up the idea with animals how life can be either long or short depending on what decisions one makes. He also talks about pain will heal over time and your heart will become stronger emotionally and to cherish those moments with your loved ones. The reason Doyle speaks about this is because society doesn't understand the idea of life is short and how one must cherish it before it goes away.

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The author's intended audience in his essay are towards young adult society who are too preoccupied with unimportant aspects of life to realize the importance and impact of every moment no matter how big or small. He explains this to them in order for them to cherish the small moments in life and not get attached to the material aspects of life but rather the emotional and spiritual.

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The speaker of this essay is Brian Doyle. He was known for his novels and short stories. Brian Doyle grew up in Ottawa Canada in 1935 and passed away at the age of 60 due to a brain tumor. The text written provides the information that Brian Doyle was wise man and how he described how important and precious life is. He presents himself as someone who understands the meaning of life thoroughly. His message is important to help society realize the importance of life and it's value.

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Brian Doyle's purpose is to notify his audience about the importance of every moment in their lives in order to prevent them from regretting not having experienced them to their fullest in the future.

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Brian Doyle speaks in a informative matter but adds change of emotion through guilt and sadness. He shifts his tone in every paragraph to make it seem like a life lesson of gratefulness and creates a sense of guilt to one.
Death: "The price of their ambition is a life closer to death; they suffer more heart attacks and aneurysms and ruptures than any other living creature" The use of death as a tone word describes the sadness that is used to create that life is so precious and humans take it for granted.
Fragile: "that all hearts finally are bruised and scarred, scored and torn, repaired by time and will, patched by force of character, yet fragile and rickety forevermore"
The use of fragile as a tone word describes the effect of how he describes how the heart is very fragile and important.

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The author compares and contrasts how different animals' lifespans are relevant to the importance of each moment they spend in it. He also describes how humming birds would die if they ever wasted a moment in their life, making the audience grateful for having the opportunity to spend so many of those moments. Another mode of discourse that Doyle uses is cause and effect, where he contrasts the differences of each of the different animals' hearts and compares how each individual moment that the animal experiences has a form of significance, no matter how small.

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Features (devices - figurative & syntactical, word choice, sentence structure)

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Features (devices - figurative & syntactical, word choice, sentence structure)

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"If they do not soon find that which is sweet, their hearts grow cold, and they cease to be."- This is an example of euphamism used to provide the audience with the proper tone of guilt. The audience feels guilty that they have so much opportunity to take advantage of the time they have, while the hummingbird can't afford to waste any of it.

"each the most amazing thing you have never seen, each thunderous wild heart the size of an infant’s fingernail, each mad heart silent, a brilliant music stilled."- The above quote is an example of an extended metaphor; the author compared the hummingbird's heart both sizewise and in terms of sound and rhythm to both a child's fingernail and music. By comparing the bird's heart to the size of the fingernail, the author emphasizes how insignificant we might view their lives, while the comparison between its heart and music stopping illustrates the grimness of the end of a life and the end to a music piece.

"Every creature on earth has approximately two billion heartbeats to spend in a lifetime. You can spend them slowly, like a tortoise and live to be two hundred years old, or you can spend them fast, like a hummingbird, and live to be two years old."- The author uses simile to create a connection between the heartbeats and lifespans of different animals. He describes that with a faster heartbeat, the animal's lifespan would be greatly reduced, meaning that with a shorter life, a creature would have less time to create significant memories in their struggle to stay alive. Doyle also uses this to remind his audience that we have a much slower heartbeat than the hummingbird, and that because of this, we need to take the time to appreciate the things that hummingbirds can not.

"To drive those metabolisms they have race-car hearts that eat oxygen at an eye-popping rate."- Usage of hyperbole throughout the essay is very common. Brian Doyle uses this exaggeration to alert the audience of a fact he clearly finds important. In this quote, he uses eye-popping to emphasize the abnormality of the bird's oxygen consumption, causing the readers to be able to relate the fact to the author's main purpose. As the Essay continues, the emphasis on these small details begin to add up and eventually create a strong foundation for the author to stand his purpose on.

"You can brick up your heart as stout and tight and hard and cold and impregnable as you possibly can and down it comes in an instant"- The author utilizes asyndeton when describing they many forms of security that humans tend to build up inside of themselves. This emphasizes how even with all of this protection, emotion will always tear it all down. Doyle takes advantage of this device in order to convey his message that all hearts, whether human or animal, can hold many memories, however, the impacts of these memories have varying importance depending on the species they belong to.

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In his essay published in June 12, 2012, writer Brian Doyle persuades a society of young adults too preoccupied with material aspects to care for the emotional and spiritual ones to cherish the little things in life. Doyle compares and contrasts the differences between several animals' hearts and lifespans with those of a human's, describes the importance that each second might have on different species, and explains the causes and effects of wasting any given moment in the wellbeing of each creature. His purpose is to notify his audience about the significance of each moment spent in order to eliminate any sense of regret once that memory is lost. Doyle speaks in an imformative yet guilty tone to shape the audience into being grateful for the priveleges the have and the great vastness of time they get to spend to make their memories significant.

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Pathos: "When young we think there will come one person who will savor and sustain us always; when we are older we know this is the dream of a child, that all hearts finally are bruised and scarred, scored and torn, repaired by time and will, patched by force of character, yet fragile and rickety forevermore, no matter how ferocious the defense and how many bricks you bring to the wall"  The evidence shown above proves that this is a emotional appeal for it brings the aspect of melancholy and how important the idea of life is and how much the importance the heart has.  Doyle does this to make the audience realize that time on this earth and in this life is very valuable because it can be taken away in an instant. The effect created proves Doyle's point of how life is precious and how to cherish these small moments with your loved ones because it can be taken away very fast.

Logos:"Mammals and birds have hearts with four chambers. Reptiles and turtles have hearts with three chambers. Fish have hearts with two chambers. Insects and mollusks have hearts with one chamber. Worms have hearts with one chamber, although they may have as many as eleven single-chambered hearts. Unicellular bacteria have no hearts at all; but even they have fluid eternally in motion, washing from one side of the cell to the other, swirling and whirling. No living being is without interior liquid motion. We all churn inside."
Doyle uses this logical appeal to demonstrate the idea of all living organisms have heart just like humans. He uses these facts to get the idea across that everything with a heart faces ups and downs in life but get better throughout the ups and downs. The effect Doyle tries to get across is that all living things experience pain because they all contain hearts and the sense of feelings.

Ethos: "They have more mitochondria in their heart muscles—anything to gulp more oxygen. Their hearts are stripped to the skin for the war against gravity and inertia, " Doyle uses this as ethical appeal by stating scientific facts adding a sense of creditably to his essay. He provides scientific evidence by stating that humming birds have mitochondria in their hearts which allow them to inhale more oxygen. He also used this scientific reasoning of anatomy and physics to gain the trust of the audience of his source of knowledge expanding his creditably. Doyle adds the effect of science to help get his idea of what the heart does for a living organisms.