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- We seek to determine how the current state of the world as the pandemic occurred has influenced the market’s behavior towards online shopping. We aim to further investigate the behavior patterns of these consumers in terms of their choice of products upon their purchases and in order for us to assess their buying intentions and their product preferences when it comes to the market. We want to obtain more information about how these buyers are prompted into an impulsive buying behavior when shopping for goods. We would also like to gain more knowledge about certain features of products that would appeal to them.

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- The people involved are the consumers/buyers and sellers, since they are the ones purchasing and selling tangible products. Aside from them are the manufacturers, the ones creating the tangible products to be used by the consumers or buyers. Lastly are the people who give their service and deliver the goods in order for the consumers and sellers to receive their products. 

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Where does the problem occur? Where does the phenomenon occur?

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Where does the problem occur? Where does the phenomenon occur?

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-  The pandemic came so sudden everyone had to rely online to sustain their good. The situation is rapidly changing. The amount of people deemed safe to gather in a single place has dwindled from thousands, to hundreds, to ten. Restaurants, bars, movie theaters, and gyms in many major cities are shutting down. (Meyer, 2020) She also mentioned that the global spread of COVID-19 came with uncertainty and at times contradictory information. Furthermore, according to a study conducted in India, every part of the world is affected by the virus and impacted by the pandemic, and there has been an increase shift to online shopping in just a few weeks. This phenomena is present in every country because we are all affected by the virus.

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This topic was addressed in the research article of Sheth, Jagdish entitled "Impact of Covid-19 on consumer behavior: Will the old habits return or die?" as it discusses the consumer behavior and habits of people during the lockdown caused by the pandemic. This topic was addressed in the research article as it indicates "The purpose of this research paper is to examine the impact of Covid-19 pandemic on consumer behavior." (Sheth, 2020, p. 280) And it was also concluded that "As consumers adapt to the house arrest for a prolonged period of time, they are likely to adopt newer technologies which facilitate work, study and consumption in a more convenient manner. Embracing digital technology is likely to modify existing habits." (Sheth, 2020, p. 283).

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- On a normal day, people buy in physical stores more. But with the current pandemic, the e-commerce industry has gotten a major increase in sales. Businesses are affected because they have to find ways to still cater to the needs and wants, of the consumers. Consumers are also affected because they are the ones purchasing from businesses online. Without consumers, businesses’ sales will decrease since no one will be buying from them because of the possible decrease or less earnings due to the pandemic. 

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What do we know about the problem/phenomenon?

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What do we know about the problem/phenomenon?

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- The pandemic came without a warning and this did not just affect us individually but economically as well. Businesses had no choice but to shut down or close until further notice. For this reason, businesses took online selling and transactions as an alternative to cater to the needs of the consumers. People became more open to purchasing necessities virtually, selecting their wants and needs to be delivered in their doorstep. The start of the lockdown made people prepare and be equipped for what is bound to happen not knowing how long this would be.

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Who is the decision maker/main mover in the situation?

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Who is the decision maker/main mover in the situation?

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The main mover/decision maker are the consumers or buyers since our whole research is based on the way they select and choose certain products. They are the main movers because we study the pattern of their buying/consumer behavior and how the data we collect can help the business assigned to us.

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- This problem involves each and every one of us. We are all affected by the pandemic and we all have several ways to adapt to the situation. As consumer confidence plummeted during 2020's months-long quarantine orders, so did overall retail sales. But with consumers relegated to the confines of their homes, an uptick in online purchases was a foregone conclusion, and this changed certain behaviors, at least temporarily. (Haggerty, 2020). According to an article written by Suzin Wold in marketing week.com, there has been an interesting change in shopper behavior, as it may highlight that as people get used to spending longer periods of time at home, they are moving past the necessity phase and are now looking to prioritize different categories. At the start of the pandemic people prepared to be equipped with basic goods and needs and as time past and the longer lockdown, there has been a wide variety of various goods and services that consumer purchase. Seeing that we are all in the same condition, it is important to study the factors that influence one’s purchasing decision and behavior because this can positively benefit businesses and companies cater to their needs and wants.

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- Given that the issue at hand is still ongoing, the circumstances in the market may possibly change as we go forth. As presented in the article, “Consumer Behaviour during Crises: Preliminary Research on How Coronavirus Has Manifested Consumer Panic Buying, Herd Mentality, Changing Discretionary Spending and the Role of the Media in Influencing Behavior” (Baldry et al., 2020), when facing crises, individuals experience behavioral changes. These behaviors viewed during shocks and crises of the past are said to be correlated to the consumer behavior presented in the effects of COVID-19 when indulged in panic buying, unstable spending, and many more. The study of these behaviors have yet to be studied as it can be influenced by future crises and given the market advancements, consumer behavior continues to change through time.

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- The problem started when the Covid-19 began on March 2020. It is very an unexpected pandemic and it affected many people and businesses. Because of this, many consumers started to use online when it comes to buying their necessities. According to the Bazaarvoice Survey " before the pandemic, respondents’ main priorities when purchasing were quality (48%), price (47%) and brand (24%). Now, they’re mostly focused on availability (49%), price (36%) and quality (34%)."(Wold, 2020). That is why pandemic gives a big change to the customer's loyalty and change in their priorities when buying.

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- People want to see a result on how we can slowly adapt to the new normal during this pandemic, knowing that everything has its "new normal situation" and since every sellers and consumer are more into using online recently. As said in the article, "This pandemic situation surely will pass soon, and everything will be at place by the time. But this time it will not be easy for people, business, and economies to settle. As the losses incurred by the crisis are never fulfilling and forgotten. " (Academy of Marketing Studies, 2020, p.5). We also want to see results during this time so that we would know what we can do if ever we can go back to our old normal or be living with the new normal.

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The changes in consumer behaviorism changed drastically because of the pandemic and the rules & regulations observed to overcome this virus. As stated in the  research article "the ad hoc natural disasters such as earthquakes, hurricanes, and global pandemics including the Covid-19 pandemic... significantly disrupted both consumption as well as production and supply chain." (Sheth, 2020, p. 280). The lockdown, social distancing, etc. are some factors that contribute to the drastic change in consumer behaviorism as it causes people to adapt to this thus changing their strategies and ways of choosing products.

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How can investigation into this be an opportunity?

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How can investigation into this be an opportunity?

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- An investigation into the problem can be an opportunity for businesses to continue selling their goods and services even in the midst of the pandemic. According to a discussion document about the global view of how consumer behavior is changing amid COVID-19, most consumers have experienced a decrease in their income, so the people have shifted to more mindful shopping; they spend their money more on the essentials rather than their wants. Looking at the factors that can attract customers and gain sales, businesses can cater to what consumers need/want. Depending on their market segmentations, doing this investigation will help businesses adapt to the buying habits of the consumers online.

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- A few methodologies taken from the research article “Factors Affecting Consumers’ Internet Shopping Behavior during the COVID-19 Pandemic”  (Neger, M, & Uddin, B., 2020) are; First, conducting surveys and questionnaires with close-ended questions that will give us easily analyzable answers. Second is choosing an online business that most people shop in and doing an online personal interview. It is said that the data retrieved from this method is quantitative in nature and gives insight about the stated objectives.

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What has already been done to solve the problem? 

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What has already been done to solve the problem? 

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- In coming up with solutions, a lot of researchers have been conducting studies regarding the great changes in the market and its consumers’ behavior due to COVID-19’s occurrence.  As some researchers focused on the study of several aspects that have affected consumer behavior from the impacts of the pandemic. Researchers and marketers have utilized multiple methods in investigating and identifying these issues through the use of surveys, questionnaires, further research and more in apprehending possible approaches to come up with solutions in the marketing industry and in understanding consumer behaviors.

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- ",,World Health Organization (WHO) declared the Covid-19 outbreak a global pandemic infected 2.8 million people." (Wold,2020).  Bazaarvoice had their research and gathered data globally as well and presented evidences by showing data that the change in the consumer's behavior are changing and their sudden use of online apps,  deliveries, and payments because of the pandemic happening. Covid-19 quickly spread all over the world that gave a really big impact to everyone that is why the situation exists everywhere as long as it is affected by the crisis.

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C- The information of the research article is current enough since it is in the 10 year time period as it was published on July 30, 2020.

R- This research article is relevant to our topic since the information given relates to our topic about the difference of consumer behaviorism due to the pandemic.

A- The authors are Loxton, M., Truskett, R., Scaff, B., Sindone, L., Baldry, G., and Zhao, Y. There is not much information on the authors of the article as the only information given are their schools/colleges and email accounts. Most of them were from Discipline of International Business, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia while Zhao, Y. is from School of Economics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.

A- The research article is dependable because its based on data, facts and statistics. The authors manage to provide sufficient references and sources that are valid and useful. The information stated were supported by various evidences.

P- The research article is trying to inform its readers about the topic/problem they have chosen. It is not biased because its based
on facts. The authors aren't trying to change/manipulate the perspective on the topic because they focused on the main topics/arguments given in the research paper.

https://res.mdpi.com/d_attachment/jrfm/jrfm-13-00166/article_deploy/jrfm-13-00166-v2.pdf

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CURRENCY
The information of the article is current because it was written and published in year 2020, which is in the time period of currency.

RELEVANCE
The article relates to our topic and answers our research problem/question (Factors that affected consumer behavior over the pandemic on online shopping) since it talks about the sudden shift of consumer’s purchasing preferences and methods. Which relates to our chose problem, wherein we can dig deeper and analyze what affected change in purchasing goods and sevices.

AUTHORITY
The authors are Anupam Sharma, he is an Australian film director, actor and producer, he is also specializing master’s and bachelor’s degree in films. And Deepika Jhamb, she is an business professor in Chitkara University in India and has a Post Doctoral Fellowship under the Council of Social Science Research. They are qualified to research about this topic because they have studied about Humanitaries and Social Sciences, aside from film arts and business.

ACCURACY
The research article is dependable because it is based on attained data and statistics from different companies. The information is supported by evidence since the authors managed to cite their sources. It is verifiable because the information given can also be supported by personal knowledge. Aside from that, there are no spelling, grammar, and typographical errors in the research article. Lastly, the word choice and sentence structures are unbiased and solely based on facts and evidences.

PURPOSE
The purpose of the information is to inform people about the sudden change in consumer’s buying preferences and methods. The research article was straight to the point and was able to deliver what the authors wanted to set out to the readers. In addition to that, the information remains unbiased and has no political, cultural, religious, etc opinions.

https://www.abacademies.org/articles/Changing-consumer-behaviours-towards-online-shopping-an-impact-of-covid-19-1528-2678-24-3-296.pdf

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https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0148296320303647

CURRENCY:
- The research article is of current date as it was made available online on June 4, 2020 and published on the month of September, 2020. As according to CrossMark, the said document is current.

RELIABILITY:
- The author was able to cite down sources such as articles made by google scholars in supporting his claims regarding the aspect being discussed in the article and provided all credentials of his used references. He also used some of his own previous studies in reference to his claims.

AUTHORITY:
- Author: Jagdish N. Sheth
- Publisher: Journal of Business Research
- URL: sciencedirect.com
- The author is a Charles H. Kellstadt Professor of Marketing at the Goizueta Business School at Emory University. He is well-known for his proficiency in the studies of consumer behavior, relationship marketing, competitive strategy, and geopolitical analysis.

PURPOSE/POINT OF VIEW:
- The study focuses on exploring the impact of the pandemic Covid-19 on consumer behavior. It aims to answer certain facets on the problem being discussed in the research article. Its main question seeks to acknowledge whether the old habits of consumers would return or be no more, given the current situation of this pandemic.

CITATION:
Sheth, J. (2020). Impact of Covid-19 on Consumer Behavior: Will the Old Habits Return or Die?. Journal of Business Research. 117. 10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.05.059.

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C(Current)- The article was published recently during June 2020; it also tackles what is currently happening in the world, which is the Covid-19. The reference that was used in the article is also current and even the shown data.

R(Relevant)- The article is related to our research topic and very helpful because it is very detailed on presenting the reasons, causes, and how Covid-19 affects consumer behavior and trends. It shows data that compared the consumer’s actions before the pandemic happen and during the epidemic and compares the trends that are most affected to the least affected of the COVID and how consumers and companies are adapting to the new normal.

A(Authoritative)- Monitor Deloitte provides risk advisory, tax, financial advisory, and consulting services to the private and public clients, with that they were able to come up with this article. I believe that they are qualified and reliable because it gave the related people’s contact information and the people who helped to have a successful and reliable article.

A(Accurate)- The main information shown in the article is from the Monitor Deloitte itself. They mentioned that they made surveys and expert interviews with more than 2,000 participants that helped them come up with the knowledge and conclude if the proposition is true or false. However, they also used other articles and gathered pieces of information from other works and gave all of the references they used, and it was cited correctly.

P(Purpose)- Given the information and resources shown in the article, its purpose is for the readers to be informed and see the German consumers’ difference on how their behavior was affected by the Covid-19 Pandemic before it happens and its result after the crisis. The article did not show any biased because it showed both sides of how it impacts consumers and companies.

https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/de/Documents/consumer-business/Impact%20of%20the%20COVID-19%20crisis%20on%20consumer%20behavior.pdf

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https://www.accenture.com/_acnmedia/PDF-123/Accenture-COVID19-Pulse-Survey-Research-PoV.pdf?fbclid=IwAR02iNvoqwdX-CDPSSGG0dgCuWCWMLc3RJhA63Kn3VrofbS_HgRkPt3BIpc

Current

The article was recently published by Accenture on April 2020. It was discussed over the current pandemic and it presents how consumers behaviorism will be permanently changed because of COVID-19. Moreover, the data gathered were presented with tables, charts, and percentages through consumer research conduct last April 2-6.

Relevant

The research article will be useful and effective for our topic and discussion because it shows different data that would help us in our analysis. The article provides different charts and tables to easy deliver the message of what caused the behaviorism of consumers and their priority during the pandemic.

Authority

The document was publish by Accenture, they are the leading global professional service company providing different services and information. They have team called “Accenture Covid-19 Consumer Research” who continuously monitors the behaviorism and habits of the consumers during the ongoing pandemic.

Accuracy

It was stated in their document that the survey that the company conducted on April 2-6 that included 3,704 consumers in 15 markets around the globe. They conduct surveys continuously to track the changes as the pandemic evolves. Furthermore, with the data presented were sufficient and would be efficient for researchers. They also provided their references and contacts to

Purpose

The purpose of this document is to inform the changes of consumer behavior and habits that was caused by the pandemic. This would help people understand that the shift to technology dependence became widely used. Moreover, the data presented such as the charts, tables and other visual representation made it easier for the audience to understand the situation.