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Climate Central researches and reports on the impacts of climate change, including sea level rise and coastal flooding, extreme weather and weather attribution, global warming and local temperature trends, carbon dioxide and greenhouse gas emissions.

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Cody (he/him/his) is a climate justice activist in Youngstown, Ohio, who has witnessed a rise in earthquakes due to hydraulic fracturing in his area. Hydraulic fracturing is a drilling method used to extract oil or natural gas from deep in the Earth. The fluids used in fracking are disposed of by injecting them back into wells deep underground. This process has been linked to earthquakes. Cody has taken climate action by joining a number of youth-led organizations including Zero Hour and Sunrise Movement. He has also led climate strikes and town halls in his community focusing on educating others on a green new deal. Last year, Cody founded a youth-led organization called Corporate Cleanup that works to to get corporations to become climate justice leaders and take accountability for their part in the climate crisis.

Fight climate change and stand up for your future. Join the mobile network and receive the latest news and action alerts.*
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Youth Climate Story: Fracking and Earthquakes in Ohio - Our Climate Our Future

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Cody (he/him/his) is a climate justice activist in Youngstown, Ohio, who has witnessed a rise in earthquakes due to hydraulic fracturing in his area. Hydraulic fracturing is a drilling method used to extract oil or natural gas from deep in the Earth. The fluids used in fracking are disposed of by injecting them back into wells deep underground.

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Ted-Ed | 2020

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Is the weather actually becoming more extreme? - R. Saravanan

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Meet Gabriella, a young climate justice activist from Miami, Florida.

Gabriella is taking climate action in her community as the State Lead in Florida for US Youth Climate Strike where she organizes in-person and digital actions and climate strikes to demand climate action.

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Youth Climate Story: Hurricane Damage and Climate Strikes in Florida - Our Climate Our Future

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Meet Gabriella, a young climate justice activist from Miami, Florida. Gabriella is taking climate action in her community as the State Lead in Florida for US Youth Climate Strike where she organizes in-person and digital actions and climate strikes to demand climate action.

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2020 was tied for the hottest year ever recorded -- but the disasters fueled by climate change set it apart

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2020 was tied for the hottest year ever recorded -- but the disasters fueled by climate change set it apart

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CNN | 2021

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climate crisis: 2020 was tied for the hottest year ever recorded  - cnn

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2020 was tied for the hottest year ever recorded -- but the disasters fueled by climate change set it apart

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Last year saw the highest global average temperatures ever recorded, according to data analyzed by the Copernicus Climate Change Service.

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Jewell Parker Rhodes | 2012
Amazon

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Brandon Kirk is a sixth-generation Georgia farmer whose family owns and runs a small farm in Kennesaw, GA.

Brandon talks about the impacts he's seen from climate change to his farm from both increased flooding and worse drought over his lifetime, as well as how young people can take action.

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Youth Climate Story: Drought and Flooding in Georgia - Our Climate Our Future

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Brandon Kirk is a sixth-generation Georgia farmer whose family owns and runs a small farm in Kennesaw, GA. Brandon talks about the impacts he's seen from climate change to his farm from both increased flooding and worse drought over his lifetime, as well as how young people can take action.

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It’s official: 2020 is the busiest Atlantic Hurricane Season on record

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It’s official: 2020 is the busiest Atlantic Hurricane Season on record

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Vox | Umair Irfan | 2020

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2020 has broken yet another extreme weather record: the most named tropical storms ever in an Atlantic hurricane season.

Early Tuesday morning, Subtropical Storm Theta formed in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean, according to the National Hurricane Center, making it the 29th named storm - a weather system strong enough to warrant an official designation - of the season. This beats the previous benchmark of 28 storms set in 2005. And before 2005, the most active hurricane season was in 1933, with 20 named storms.

[BREAKING] Overnight, the 2020 Atlantic Hurricane Season has broken an all time record. Subtropical Storm #Theta has formed in the Central Atlantic making it the 29th named storm of the season. This breaks the old record set in 2005 with 28 named storms. Up next, Iota? pic.twitter.com/m18P20aPfd
- NWS Weather Prediction Center (@NWSWPC) November 10, 2020

Theta is currently projected to move eastward, away from the United States. But a prior storm, Eta, is still churning in the Gulf of Mexico and may hit Florida this week as a tropical storm.

These recent storms highlight just how busy the Atlantic has been this year. Of the 29 storm systems, 12 reached hurricane strength and five reached Category 3 strength or higher, with winds topping 111 mph. In the United States, 12 storms made landfall and six did so at hurricane strength. There were so many storms this year that meteorologists ran through their entire list of official names and are now naming storms after letters of the Greek alphabet.

The record-breaking storm season comes amid a year of searing heat and unprecedented wildfires, with its damage toll worsened by human factors like building in harm's way and climate change.

Unusual weather, oceanic cycles, and climate change contributed to 2020's record-setting Atlantic hurricane season

There were some early warning signs that 2020 would be a standout year. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration anticipated back in May that the Atlantic hurricane season would be above average. But in August, they had to upgrade their forecast from between 13 and 19 named storms to between 19 and 25, and that forecast still fell short.

One key factor this year was that the Atlantic Ocean was particularly warm. Surface water needs to be at least 26°C, or 79°F, to form a hurricane, so hotter water led forecasters to conclude that more energy would be available to form storms.

Air temperatures were also warmer this year, and 2020 is currently on track to be the warmest year on record. Air can hold on to about 7 percent more water for every degree Celsius it warms up, so warmer air means more moisture is available to fuel storms.

Another variable was the phase of El Niño/Southern Oscillation, or ENSO, a periodic warming and cooling pattern in the Pacific Ocean. The ENSO pattern this year led to calmer air over the Atlantic, which allowed tropical storms to more easily form. The Atlantic Ocean also goes through a multi-decade warming and cooling pattern. The ocean is currently in its warm phase, which is linked to higher hurricane activity.

Over the long term, humans are increasing the risks from these storms. There continues to be a lot of development in coastal areas vulnerable to tropical storms, increasing the damage tolls from the flooding and winds caused by the storms that occur.

Humanity is also changing the climate. There is a lot of variability in hurricane patterns, making it tough to figure out which factors are the most significant in shaping trends. But scientists say that as average temperatures rise, the raw ingredients for tropical storms and hurricanes amplify. Warmer water, warmer air, and higher sea levels exacerbate the damage from tropical storms, though they may not necessarily affect the frequency of these events.

"As the climate warms, we expect that the upper bound of how intense a hurricane can get ... goes up at a certain rate with warming, and that's been known for 33 years," Kerry Emanuel, a professor of atmospheric science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, told Vox in August. "More recently it's also been understood that there is a cap on the rate of intensification, and that goes up faster."

Emanuel noted that other human factors, like a reduction in sulfur air pollution since the 1980s, is also affecting the formation of tropical storms in the Atlantic.

Together, these factors aligned to create a record-breaking year. And more storms may still lie ahead this season, which officially ends on November 30.
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It's official: 2020 is the busiest Atlantic Hurricane Season on record

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2020 has broken yet another extreme weather record: the most named tropical storms ever in an Atlantic hurricane season. Early Tuesday morning, Subtropical Storm Theta formed in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean, according to the National Hurricane Center, making it the 29th named storm - a weather system strong enough to warrant an official designation - of the season.

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Planet 2020: Fires And Floods Force Climate Change To The Forefront | NBC News NOW

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Does Climate Change Cause Extreme Weather?

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Does Climate Change Cause Extreme Weather?

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Sep 6, 2017 | Above The Noise

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Does Climate Change Cause Extreme Weather?

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What's the Difference Between Weather and Climate?

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What's the Difference Between Weather and Climate?

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National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)

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Take a moment and think about the weather today where you are. Is it normal or typical? Is it what you'd expect? If it's been cool the past few days but the temperature is climbing today, is that weather or climate? Are weather and climate the same thing? Though they are closely related, weather and climate aren't the same thing. Climate is what you expect. Weather is what actually happens.

What exactly is weather?

More specifically, weather is the mix of events that happen each day in our atmosphere. Even though there's only one atmosphere on Earth, the weather isn't the same all around the world. Weather is different in different parts of the world and changes over minutes, hours, days, and weeks.

Most weather happens in the part of Earth's atmosphere that is closest to the ground-called the troposphere. And, there are many different factors that can change the atmosphere in a certain area like air pressure, temperature, humidity, wind speed and direction, and lots of other things. Together, they determine what the weather is like at a given time and location.

What exactly is climate?

Whereas weather refers to short-term changes in the atmosphere, climate describes what the weather is like over a long period of time in a specific area. Different regions can have different climates. To describe the climate of a place, we might say what the temperatures are like during different seasons, how windy it usually is, or how much rain or snow typically falls.

When scientists talk about climate, they're often looking at averages of precipitation, temperature, humidity, sunshine, wind, and other measures of weather that occur over a long period in a particular place. In some instances, they might look at these averages over 30 years. And, we refer to these three-decade averages of weather observations as Climate Normals.

Looking at Climate Normals can help us describe whether the summers are hot and humid and whether the winters are cold and snowy at a particular place. They can also tell us when we might expect the warmest day of the year or the coldest day of the year at that location. But, while descriptions of an area's climate provide a sense of what to expect, they don't provide any specific details about what the weather will be on any given day.

Here's one way to visualize it. Weather tells you what to wear each day. Climate tells you what types of clothes to have in your closet.

How do weather observations become climate data?

Across the globe, observers and automated stations measure weather conditions at thousands of locations every day of the year. Some observations are made hourly, others just once a day. Over time, these weather observations allow us to quantify long-term average conditions, which provide insight into an area's climate.

In many locations around the United States, systematic weather records have been kept for over 140 years. With these long-term records, we can detect patterns and trends. And, as the Nation's official archive for environmental data, it's our job to collect, quality control, and organize these data and make them available online for scientists, decision makers, and you.

Are regional climates different from the global climate?

Like the United States, different regions of the world have varying climates. But, we can also describe the climate of an entire planet-referred to as the global climate. Global climate is a description of the climate of a planet as a whole, with all the regional differences averaged. Overall, global climate depends on the amount of energy received by the sun and the amount of energy that is trapped in the system. And, these amounts are different for different planets. Scientists who study Earth's climate look at the factors that affect our planet as a whole.

How does the climate change?

While the weather can change in just a few minutes or hours, climate changes over longer time frames. Climate events, like El Niño, happen over several years, with larger fluctuations happening over decades. And, even larger climate changes happen over hundreds and thousands of years.

Today, climates are changing. Our Earth is warming more quickly than it has in the past according to the research of scientists. Hot summer days may be quite typical of climates in many regions of the world, but warming is causing Earth's average global temperature to increase. The amount of solar radiation, the chemistry of the atmosphere, clouds, and the biosphere all affect Earth's climate.

As global climate changes, weather patterns are changing as well. While it's impossible to say whether a particular day's weather was affected by climate change, it is possible to predict how patterns might change. For example, scientists predict more extreme weather events as Earth's climate warms.

Why do we study climate?

Climate, climate change, and their impacts on weather events affect people all around the world. Rising global temperatures are expected to further raise sea levels and change precipitation patterns and other local climate conditions. Changing regional climates could alter forests, crop yields, and water supplies. They could also affect human health, animals, and many types of ecosystems. Deserts may expand into existing rangelands, and features of some of our National Parks and National Forests may be permanently altered.

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What's the Difference Between Weather and Climate?

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Though climate and weather are closely related, they aren't the same thing. The main difference between the two is time.

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Why climate change makes extreme weather worse.

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Why climate change makes extreme weather worse.

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Oct 26, 2018 | Our Changing Climate

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Why climate change makes extreme weather worse.

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NPR

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MPR News meteorologist Paul Huttner with the latest research on our changing climate.

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How Does Climate Change Affect Individual Extreme Weather Events?

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How Does Climate Change Affect Individual Extreme Weather Events?

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This week, Dr. Friederike Otto, author of Angry Weather, and acting director of the Environmental Change Institute at the University of Oxford and co-investigator on the international project World Weather Attribution, joins the show to talk about how climate change impacts individual extreme weather events like wildfires, hurricanes, droughts, heatwaves, and more.

Co-hosts Ty Benefiel and Brock Benefiel also discuss the President's ability to ban fracking and how to generate a ton of renewable jobs.

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how does climate change affect individual extreme weather events? (w/ "angry weather" author dr. friederike otto)

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‎The Climate Pod: How Does Climate Change Affect Individual Extreme Weather Events? (w/ "Angry Weather" author Dr. Friederike Otto) on Apple Podcasts

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‎This week, Dr. Friederike Otto, author of Angry Weather, and acting director of the Environmental Change Institute at the University of Oxford and co-investigator on the international project World Weather Attribution, joins the show to talk about how climate change impacts individual extreme weathe...

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Evidence of climate change abounds amid extreme weather in the Pacific Northwest

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Evidence of climate change abounds amid extreme weather in the Pacific Northwest

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Washington Post

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Seattle, known for its rain, just went a record-breaking 55 days without any. Climate change is leading to more extreme weather, and no other region has experienced that so much over the last year as the Pacific Northwest.

Kelsey Snell fills in for James Hohmann with today's political headlines.

Donald Trump often behaves as if he's first and foremost the president of the states and the people who voted for him. That's at odds with the American tradition, and it's problematic as a governing philosophy - especially in a moment of crisis.

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Evidence of climate change abounds amid extreme weather in the Pacific Northwest

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Seattle, known for its rain, just went a record-breaking 55 days without any. Climate change is leading to more extreme weather, and no other region has experienced that so much over the last year as the Pacific Northwest. Kelsey Snell fills in for James Hohmann with today's political headlines.

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Informal conversations with climate-relevant researchers

[Any opinions expressed do not necessarily reflect those of our employers or funders]

Informal conversations with climate-relevant researchers

[Any opinions expressed do not necessarily reflect those of our employers or funders]

Jeremiah Patterson

Dan Jones is a great, informative, charismatic, and intriguing person. He's been on my podcast before, and he's a great voice to have on the show. This podcast is amazing and a MUST listen!! Keep podcasting Dan!!

Love this podcast!

Thanks for your work on this podcast- please keep up the great content! Your conversation with Anna Jones is particularly helpful to me as a student contemplating what which area I want to focus on- oceanography, environmental studies, ecology, etc..

You're Doing Great Work

Hi Dan,

keep up the great work you are doing here. I'm getting a PhD in mathematics at a small school (Northern Illinois University). I don't have much reach in the science community, but I am extending the reach I do have to you. I have told a number of friends and faculty in math and science to listen and download this podcast. I feel like my math friends, in particular, will dig this format. I urge you to keep bringing on applied mathematicians that do modeling in climatology like Dr. Mcintyre. I really enjoyed that episode. I hope you can keep it going and I wish you the best of luck!

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Informal conversations with climate-relevant researchers [Any opinions expressed do not necessarily reflect those of our employers or funders] Informal conversations with climate-relevant researchers [Any opinions expressed do not necessarily reflect those of our employers or funders] Dan Jones is a great, informative, charismatic, and intriguing person.

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Whether it's sea level rise making coastal cities more prone to flooding during storm surges, warmer ocean temperatures leading to stronger winds and rains, or climate-exacerbated drought, the scientific connections between climmate change and extreme weather events are clear.

And the consequences for communities on the frontlines are massive.

Storms like Hurricanes Katrina, Andrew, Sandy, Ike, Harvey, Irma, and others have claimed hundreds of lives in the United States alone. They've displaced hundreds of thousands of people - some who still can't return home decades later - and destroyed livelihoods and businesses. The combined financial cost of these disasters is well into the billions. And while science cannot tell us that climate change caused these storms, it does tell us without a doubt that it made them more intense and more damaging.

But it turns out it's not just climate scientists who have known this was coming. The fossil fuel industry did, too - decades ago.

Exxon researchers warned management in 1982 that impacts from climate change could be catastrophic. But instead of acting to protect the public, Exxon and other fossil fuel companies waged a decades-long campaign to sow doubt about climate science, block policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and protect their own profits.

Sitting with the knowledge that climate change is real and its impacts serious, Exxon and others continued to exploit fossil fuels, worsening the problem and blocking the path to renewable energy.

Climate denial is not a victimless crime. When climate-fueled extreme weather events strike, it's those who deny science and block climate action that must answer to the victims.

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Whether it's sea level rise making coastal cities more prone to flooding during storm surges, warmer ocean temperatures leading to stronger winds and rains, or climate-exacerbated drought, the scientific connections between climmate change and extreme weather events are clear. And the consequences for communities on the frontlines are massive.

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Access climate finance mechanisms, develop and strengthen the policies, institutions, capacities, knowledge and transformative change required to build a climate-resilient zero-carbon future.

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The aim of the Climatic Research Unit (CRU) is to improve scientific understanding of the climate system and its interactions with society.

Our research is directed towards answering these key questions:

* How and why does our climate change - past, present and future - and what are the implications?
* How can we quantify, reduce and communicate the uncertainty in the climate information that is developed for society?

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The aim of the Climatic Research Unit (CRU) is to improve scientific understanding of the climate system and its interactions with society. Our research is directed towards answering these key questions: * How and why does our climate change - past, present and future - and what are the implications?