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A category of artistic composition characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter.

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A film gauge most commonly used for motion pictures.

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A type of camera with two objective lenses of the same focal length. One of the lenses is the photographic objective or "taking lens", while the other is used for the viewfinder system

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A camera which records images in a format larger than 4 x 5 inches.

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The photographic process used with currently available black-and-white films and printing papers. A suspension of silver salts in gelatin is coated onto a support such as glass, flexible plastic or film, baryta paper, or resin-coated paper.

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A keeper or custodian of a museum or other collection.

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A public display of works of art or items of interest, held in an art gallery or museum or at a trade fair.

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Framing refers to using elements of a scene to create a frame.

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A room or building for the display or sale of works of art.

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The exclusive legal right, given to an originator or an assignee to print, publish, perform, film, or record literary, artistic, or musical material, and to authorize others to do the same.

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An element of art defined by a point moving in space. Line may be two or three dimensional, descriptive, implied, or abstract.

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An element of art that is two-dimensional, flat, or limited to height and width.

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An element of art that is three-dimensional and encloses volume; includes height, width AND depth (as in a cube, a sphere, a pyramid, or a cylinder). Form may also be free flowing.

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The lightness or darkness of tones or colors. White is the lightest value; black is the darkest. The value halfway between these extremes is called middle gray.

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An element of art by which positive and negative areas are defined or a sense of depth achieved in a work of art.

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An element of art made up of three properties: hue, value, and intensity.

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An element of art that refers to the way things feel, or look as if they might feel if touched.

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The distribution of visual weight of objects, color, texture, and space.  In symmetrical balance, the elements used on one side of the design are similar to those on the other side; in asymmetrical balance, the sides are different but still look balanced. In radial balance, the elements are arranged around a central point and may be similar.

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Catches the viewer’s eye.  Usually the artist will make one area stand out by contrasting it with other areas.

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The path the viewer’s eye takes through the work of art, often to focal areas. Such movement can be directed along lines, edges, shape, and color within the work of art.

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The repeating of an object or symbol all over the work of art.

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The feeling of unity created when all parts (sizes, amounts, or number) relate well with each other. When drawing the human figure, proportion can refer to the size of the head compared to the rest of the body.

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The use of several elements of design to hold the viewer’s attention and to guide the viewer’s eye through and around the work of art.

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The feeling of harmony between all parts of the work of art, which creates a sense of completeness.

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Symmetry around a central axis.

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Balance that is achieved by arranging elements on either side of the center of a composition in an equally weighted manner.

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Design that looks balanced despite a lack of symmetry.

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Things side-by-side with the intention of bringing out a specific quality or creating an effect.

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Color schemes that are derived from a single base hue and extended using its shades, tones and tints.

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Art that does not attempt to represent external reality, but seeks to achieve its effect using shapes, forms, colors, and textures.

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Describe any color that is calm or soothing in nature. Cool colors are not overpowering and tend to recede in space.

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Describe any color that is vivid or bold in nature. Warm colors are those that tend to advance in space and can be overwhelming.

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Pairs of colors which, when combined or mixed, cancel each other out by producing a grayscale color.

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Neutral colors can be defined as those colors to which you can't give a definite color name. These colors include beige, cream, ivory, white, grey, brown and natural wood.

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Dividing up your image using 2 horizontal lines and 2 vertical lines, then positioning the important elements along those lines, or at the intersections.

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A compositional principle of ordering the elements in a work in such a way that the end result is aesthetically pleasing to the viewer.

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A technique of composition where the viewer of your photos attention is drawn to lines that lead to the main subject of the image.

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Positive space refers to the objects in the frame.

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Negative space refers to the space between and around the objects in the frame.

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Focuses on the object's physical characteristics as the main source of information.

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Refers to personal perspectives, feelings, or opinions.

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Offering valid and well-reasoned opinions about the work of others, usually involving both positive and negative comments, in a friendly manner rather than an oppositional one.

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Taking someone else's work or ideas and passing them off as one's own.

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Intellectual property consisting of a recognizable sign, design, or expression which identifies products or services of a particular source from those of others.

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Relating to moral principles or the branch of knowledge dealing with these.

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Illumination from behind.

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Soft light with neither the intensity nor the glare of direct light. It is scattered and comes from all directions.

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Light that is already present in a scene, before any additional lighting is added.

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All about bold contrasts and emotions. Chiaroscuro means “light” and “dark.” By combining a strong light source with a lot of shadows, you can create striking portraits that look like paintings.

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Defined as a view of an object or a scene consisting of the outline and a featureless interior, with the silhouetted object usually being black.

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Pairs of closely associated portraits, images or themed pictures are often used to off-set one another.

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A group of three pictures.

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A minute area of illumination on a display screen, one of many from which an image is composed.

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The period during twilight, just before sunrise or after sunset, when indirect sunlight is evenly diffused.

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The period of daytime shortly after sunrise or before sunset, during which daylight is redder and softer than when the Sun is higher in the sky.

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Standardized means of organizing and storing digital images.Image files are composed of digital data in one of these formats that can be rasterized for use on a computer display or printer. An image file format may store data in uncompressed, compressed, or vector formats.

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A .CR2 file is Canon's proprietary file extension for its RAW images coming directly out of the camera.

The NEF is Nikon's RAW file format.

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A .PSD file (Photoshop Documents) is a layered image file used in Adobe PhotoShop.

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Stands for "Joint Photographic Experts Group." JPEG is a popular image file format. The format also supports varying levels of compression, which makes it ideal for web graphics.

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Tagged Image File Format, abbreviated TIFF or TIF, is a computer file format for storing raster graphics images

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The camera's software fully controls all aspects of the photograph.

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Allows the photographer to determine the exposure of an image.

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This allows the user to set a specific aperture value while the camera selects a shutter speed to match it that will result in proper exposure.

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This allows the user to specify a shutter speed and leaves the camera to figure out everything else.

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The camera chooses the correct aperture and shutter speed for the light available, so your shot is correctly exposed. Program mode also unlocks other functions that give you more creative control over your images.

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ISO measures the sensitivity of the image sensor. The lower the number the less sensitive your camera is to light and the finer the grain.

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A term to describe visual distortion. It looks similar to grain found in film photographs, but can also look like splotches of discoloration

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ASA and ISO are both measurements of film speed, or sensitivity to light. ASA is a scale created by the American Standards Association, but it is no longer widely used.

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Graininess refers to the amount of grain found in a photograph. Grain is a film photography term, and its digital counterpart is “noise,” though the two terms are sometimes used interchangeably in digital photography.Grain appears as tiny flecks throughout a film photograph.

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An image sensor is an electronic device that converts an optical image into an electronic signal. It is used in digital cameras and imaging devices to convert the light received on the camera or imaging device lens into a digital image.

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A digital single-lens reflex camera is a digital camera that combines the optics and the mechanisms of a single-lens reflex camera with a digital imaging sensor.

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A set of data describing and providing information about rights and administration of an image.

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A term used by graphic designers and photographers for a small image representation of a larger image, usually intended to make it easier and faster to look at or manage a group of larger images.

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“Straight Out Of Camera”, simply meaning that an image can be good enough to print straight from the camera without further processing.

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An image stabilization technology that minimizes blur caused by camera shake.

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Autofocus points are what the camera uses to focus on a subject.

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Bracketing is taking the same photo more than once using different settings for different exposures.

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The exposure level indicator predicts a photo's exposure, relative to the standard exposure, taken with the current meter reading and using the current exposure settings.

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Exposure compensation is used to alter exposure from the value selected by the camera, making photographs brighter or darker.

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Also called continuous shooting mode is a shooting mode in still cameras. In burst mode, several photographs are captured in quick succession by either pressing the shutter button or holding it down.

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An f-stop is a camera setting that specifies the aperture of the lens on a particular photograph. It is represented using f-numbers. The letter “f” stands for focal length of the lens.

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Aperture is a hole or an opening through which light travels. More specifically, the aperture and focal length of an optical system determine the cone angle of a bundle of rays that come to a focus in the image plane.

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Bokeh is the aesthetic quality of the blur produced in the out-of-focus parts of an image produced by a lens. Bokeh has been defined as "the way the lens renders out-of-focus points of light".

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Depth of field is the distance between the nearest and the farthest objects that are in acceptably sharp focus in an image.

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The focal length of the lens is the distance between the lens and the image sensor when the subject is in focus, usually stated in millimeters In the case of zoom lenses, both the minimum and maximum focal lengths are stated, for example 18–55 mm.

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The length of time when the film or digital sensor inside the camera is exposed to light

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Allows the photographer to take a picture for as long as the shutter is depressed

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The apparent streaking of moving objects in a photograph or a sequence of frames, such as a film or animation.

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The act of accidentally shaking a camera during shooting due to unsteady hands, which results in blurry images.

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A tripod is used to stabilize and elevate a camera, a flash unit, or other photographic equipment. All photographic tripodshave three legs.  A single staff or pole used to help support cameras steadier, allowing the photographer to take sharp pictures at slower shutter speeds.

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White balance is the process that the camera uses to remove color casts produced by these different color temperatures and helps your camera emulate whaty our eyes do naturally when dealing with white.

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It is a time when there is a very low level of ambient light but just enough blueness to the sky to give interest to the scene.

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comparative darkness and coolness caused by shelter from direct sunlight.

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Covered with or characterized by clouds; overcast.

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refers to an artificial lighting source (like a lamp or ceiling fixture) that emits heat and produce a “warmer” or reddish color.

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This chemical reaction involves gases and mercury vapor interacting, which produces an invisible UV light. That invisible UV light illuminates the phosphor powder coating the inside of the glass tube, emitting white "fluorescent" light.

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A flash of artificial light (typically 1/1000 to 1/200 of a second) at a color temperature of about 5500 K to help illuminate a scene.

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A manual setting for the white balance option.

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The term 'shadow' is used to describe the darkest parts of an image.

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That range of tones which lie between highlights with detail and shadows with detail.