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a cycle of economic expansion and contraction

Sentence: The U.S. is currently in the expansion period of the business cycle.

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economy as a whole is in decline

Sentence: Germany is currently in contraction because their economy is not doing so well.

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highest point in an economy

Sentence: The U.S. is doing so well I'm afraid they will hit their peak and start declining.

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the incline of an economy, from trough to peak

Iceland's economy is doing very well, they must be in the expansion period.

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The lowest point in an economy

Italy is doing so bad they must be in the trough and will start expansion soon.

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a business cycle contraction

The U.S. isn't doing so well they are in recession.

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another word for the trough in a business cycle

Our economy is doing terrible right now, we are definitely in a depression.

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policy adopted by the monetary authority of a country that controls either the interest rate payable on borrowing or the money supply

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central bank of the U.S.

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monetary policy that increases the money supply usually by lowering interest rates

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course of action undertaken by a central bank such as the Federal Reserve to slow down overheated economic growth

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central bank regulation employed by most of the world's central banks that sets the minimum amount of reserves that must be held by a commercial bank

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fiscal policy is the use of government revenue collection and expenditure to influence a country's economy

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total amount of money that the country's government has borrowed

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budgets more spending than there is revenue available to pay for the spending

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period when income or receipts exceed outlays or expenditures

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a tax in which the average tax rate increases as the taxable amount increases

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a tax imposed in such a manner that the average tax rate decreases as the amount subject to taxation increases

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a tax imposed so that the tax rate is fixed

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businesses or other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale

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the amount by which the cost of a country's imports exceeds the value of its exports

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the amount by which the value of a country's exports exceeds the cost of its imports

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the ability of an individual or group to carry out a particular economic activity more efficiently than another activity

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the ability of an individual or group to carry out a particular economic activity more efficiently than another individual or group

Sentence: Jack has an absolute advantage over Bill because he can fix cars way better than Bill can.

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The value of a nation's exports in excess of the value of its imports

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difference between the value of a country's exports and the value of its imports such that imports exceed exports

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The practice of having certain job functions done outside a company instead of having an in-house department or employee handle them

A window installation company has outsourcing because they have some people performing their jobs outside of the main company building

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an agreement among the United States, Canada and Mexico designed to remove tariff barriers between the three countries

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Britain's unofficial policy to relax the enforcement of strict regulations
Ex: people were allowed to do more without there being big restrictions.

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the act of being taxed by an authority without the benefit of having elected representatives
Ex: England would tax the colonists without the colonists having elected representatives.

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The original constitution of the U.S. It didn't last.
Ex: The A of C gave the states too much power and the central government not enough.

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Book by Thomas Paine advocating for independence from Britain.
Ex: This book helped sway people into joining the revolution.

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Rights that believe it is important for all animals or even living beings to have out of natural law.
Ex: The Declaration of Independence mentions the three natural rights which are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.

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An implicit agreement among the members of a society to cooperate for social benefits
Ex: the people of the U.S. obey the law in exchange for protection from the government.

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Philosopher and known as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers.
Ex: John Locke implemented the 3 natural rights into the Declaration of Independence.

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Philosopher famous for his articulation of the theory of separation of powers.
Ex: He believed the government should be divided into 3 branches.

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Philosopher who came up with the social contract beliefs.
Ex: He believed that people should obey the law in exchange of protection from the government.

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The first ten amendments of the constitution.
Ex: Guarantees rights like freedom of speech, assembly and worship.

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Used to explain the purpose of the new constitution.
Ex: this was proposed to the people in New York in hopes of persuading people to ratify the new Constitution.

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They wanted the new constitution.
Ex: federalists did not like the A of C so they wanted a new constitution making a strong central government.

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Opposed the new constitution.
Ex: they liked the strong states and weak central government.

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Gathering for the purpose of writing a new constitution or revising an existing constitution.
Ex: Different compromises were at the Constitutional Convention such as the Great Compromise.

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An agreement made between large states and small states regarding how much power states would have under the United States Constitution.
Ex: This compromise made the 3/5 compromise about the black people in the South.

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Allowed a state to count three fifths of each Black person in determining political representation in the House.
Ex: Doing this helped the anti-federalists ratify the new constitution.

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An armed rebellion in Western Massachusetts in increased efforts of taxes.
Ex: 4 people died in this rebellion and they were the first casualties of the rebellion

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The New Jersey Plan called for each state to have one vote in Congress instead of the number of votes being based on population.
Ex: this helped with the smaller states not having as much say in Congress.

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A proposal to establish a bicameral legislature in the newly-founded United States.
Ex: this made the strong central government have 3 different branches.

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The House of Burgesses was the elected representative element of the Virginia General Assembly.
Ex: This was the first legislative assembly in the American colonies.

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the authority of a state and its government are created and sustained by the consent of its people, through their elected representatives.
1. Ex: Article 2 of the 1993 constitution of the Czech Republic says ‘‘All state power derives from the people
2. Ex: Amendment nine states that "the enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be constructed to deny or disparage others retained by the people."

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a state's government is divided into branches, so that the powers of one branch are not in conflict with the powers associated with the other branches
1. Ex: while federal judges are appointed by the President, and confirmed by the Senate, they can be impeached by the legislative branch
2. Ex: A husband and wife can be an example of separation of powers. He has a job and is the breadwinner and she takes care of the house and raises the children.

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The page you requested could not be found. Try refining your search, or use the navigation above to locate the post.

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an organization or system is regulated ensuring that political power is not concentrated in the hands of individuals or groups
1. ex: the presidents can veto the congress
2 ex: Executive and Judicial impeachment by congress

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a general government with regional governments in a single political system
1. ex: the U.S. is a federalism country
2. ex: Argentina has 9 states inside its government.

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restriction of the arbitrary exercise of power by subordinating it to well-defined and established laws
1. ex: rule of law is “freedom of the press,” which is the law in the USA per the First Amendment to our Constitution
2. ex: The U.S. has the rule of law

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Powers that are specifically explained in the Constitution
1. ex: Article 1 expresses the powers of the legislative branch
2. ex: Article 2 expresses the powers of the executive branch

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powers authorized by the Constitution that, while not stated, seem implied by powers that are expressly stated
1. ex: "lay and collect" implies
2. ex: "Raise and support armies" implies

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powers reserved for the state governments
1. ex: state governments maintain public schools
2. ex: state governments regulate alcohol

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Powers shared by the national and state governments
1. ex: both national and state governments collect taxes
2 ex: both national and state governments establish court system

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process under which executive or legislative actions are subject to review by the judiciary
1. ex: The Supreme Court ruled that state laws prohibiting abortion were unconstitutional
2. ex: An example of Judicial Review is based on precedent determined in a previous case in another court, the judge finds the defendant guilty

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a procedure for ending a debate and taking a vote

example: The House of Representatives was done having the argument so they motioned cloture.

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one or more members of congress debate over a proposal so as to delay or prevent a decision being made on the proposal

example: One of the House of Representative members motioned a filibuster so they could delay a decision of the proposal that was made.

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temporarily formed for the purpose of reconciling differences in legislation that has passed both chambers

example: the conference committee was formed to help with the issue of differences between the HoR and Senate.

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being a voting member of a community or organization

example: when you turn 18, you can become a constituent for voting for the president.

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the act of attempting to influence the actions, policies, or decisions of officials

example: the president tries to persuade the Congress to pass bills that he believes is necessary.

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indirect veto of a legislative bill by the president or a governor by retaining the bill unsigned until it is too late for it to be dealt with during the legislative session

example: the president can pocket veto a bill if he doesn't like it but doesn't actually want to veto it.

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use various forms of advocacy in order to influence public opinion and ultimately policy

examples: the Sierra Club focuses on protecting the environment

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a permanent committee that meets regularly

examples:  the Appropriations Committees recommend legislation to provide budget authority for federal agencies and programs

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a constitutional right to reject a bill

example: the President can veto bills sent from Congress

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the power to hear a case for the first time

example: Case of State of New Jersey v. State of New York was an original jurisdiction

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the power of an appellate court to review, amend and overrule decisions of a trial court

example: United States v. Klein was an Appellate Jurisdiction

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the series of steps a legal dispute goes through in the court system

example: Part of the Judicial Process is initial hearing/arraignment

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the relative number of prisoners who, after being released, return to prison or jail because they have committed another crime

example: Inmates released from state prisons have a five-year recidivism rate of 76.6%.

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law that regulates the operation and procedures of government agencies

example: public laws pertaining to rules, procedures, and regulations of a government agency

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law concerned with private relations between members of a community

example: Murder, assault, theft,and drunken driving are all ways of breaking civil law.

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rights stated in the federal and state constitutions.

example: Restrictions on free speech is illegal according to Constitutional Law.

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body of law that relates to crime

example: endangering one's property, health, or safety is illegal according to Criminal Law.

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the power to make legal decisions and judgments

example: The court has the jurisdiction to apply federal law.

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A legal case that establishes a principle or rule

example:  the legal decision in Brown v. Board of Education guiding future laws about desegregation is a precedent.

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A law that is created by the Government and is applied to everyone.

example: Tax laws is a statutory law.

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law derived from judicial decisions of courts

example: a rule that a judge made that says that people have a duty to read contract

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a wrongful act leading to civil legal liability

example: Assault is considered a tort.