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A category of artistic composition, as in music or literature, characterized by similarities in from, style, or subject matter.

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The standard photographic film format for analog single lens reflex (SLR) still cameras and motion picture cameras.

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a type of camera with two objective lenses of the same focal length. One of the lenses is the photographic objective or "taking lens" while the other is used for the viewfinder system.

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Bigger film size. They use sheet film sized 4x5" or larger.

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The photographic process used with currently available black-and-white films and printing papers.

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a keeper or custodian of a museum or other collection.

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a public display of works of art or items of interest, held in an art gallery or museum or at a trade fair.

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The role of any rule of composition is to draw the eye into a photograph. Framing refers to using elements of a scene to create a frame within your frame.

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a room or building for the display or sale of works of art.

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the exclusive legal right, given to an originator or an assignee to print, publish, perform, film, or record literary, artistic, or musical material, and to authorize others to do the same.

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An element of art defined by a point moving in space. Line
may be two-or three-dimensional, descriptive, implied, or
abstract

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An element of art that is two-dimensional, flat, or limited to
height and width.

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An element of art made up of three properties: hue, value,
and intensity.
• Hue: name of color
• Value: hue’s lightness and darkness (a color’s value
changes when white or black is added)
• Intensity: quality of brightness and purity (high
intensity= color is strong and bright; low intensity=
color is faint and dull)

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An element of art that is three-dimensional and encloses
volume; includes height, width AND depth (as in a cube, a
sphere, a pyramid, or a cylinder). Form may also be free
flowing.

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An element of art that refers to the way things feel, or look
as if they might feel if touched.

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The lightness or darkness of tones or colors. White is the
lightest value; black is the darkest. The value halfway
between these extremes is called middle gray.

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An element of art by which positive and negative areas are
defined or a sense of depth achieved in a work of art .

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is the repeating of an object or symbol all over the work of art.

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is the part of the design that catches the viewer’s attention. Usually the
artist will make one area stand out by contrasting it with other areas. The area could
be different in size, color, texture, shape, etc.

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is the path the viewer’s eye takes through the work of art, often to focal
areas. Such movement can be directed along lines, edges, shape, and color within the
work of art.

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is the distribution of the visual weight of objects, colors, texture, and space.
If the design was a scale, these elements should be balanced to make a design feel
stable. In symmetrical balance, the elements used on one side of the design are
similar to those on the other side; in asymmetrical balance, the sides are different
but still look balanced. In radial balance, the elements are arranged around a central
point and may be similar.

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is the feeling of unity created when all parts (sizes, amounts, or number)
relate well with each other. When drawing the human figure, proportion can refer
to the size of the head compared to the rest of the body.

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is the use of several elements of design to hold the viewer’s attention and
to guide the viewer’s eye through and around the work of art.

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is the feeling of harmony between all parts of the work of art, which creates
a sense of completeness.

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symmetry around a central axis, as in a starfish or a tulip flower.

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made up of exactly similar parts facing each other or around an axis; showing symmetry.

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having parts which fail to correspond to one another in shape, size, or arrangement; lacking symmetry.

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the fact of two things being seen or placed close together with contrasting effect

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containing or using only one color.

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taking a subject and forcing the viewer to look at it in a different way.

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used to describe any color that is calm or soothing in nature. Cool colors include green, blue and violet

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Used to describe any color that is vivid or bold in nature. Warm colors include red, yellow and orange

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two colors that are on opposite sides of the color wheel.

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Neutrals such as beige, ivory, taupe, black, gray and shades of white appear to be without color

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The rule of thirds is a "rule of thumb" or guideline which applies to the process of composing visual images such as designs, films, paintings, and photographs.

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two quantities are in the golden ratio if their ratio is the same as the ratio of their sum to the larger of the two quantities.

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a technique of composition where the viewer of your photos attention is drawn to lines that lead to the main subject of the image.

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Positive space refers to the objects in the frame

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negative space is the space between and around the objects in the frame.

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an impersonal image not influenced by feelings, interpretations or prejudice.

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simply being a visual art. It is based on your perception rather than judgments from other peoples perspective.

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he process of offering valid and well-reasoned opinions about the work of others, usually involving both positive and negative comments, in a friendly manner rather than an oppositional one.

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the practice of taking someone else's work or ideas and passing them off as one's own.

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a symbol, word, or words legally registered or established by use as representing a company or product.

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relating to moral principles or the branch of knowledge dealing with these

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illumination from behind.

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Diffused light is a soft light with neither the intensity nor the glare of direct light. It is scattered and comes from all directions.

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the light that is already present in a scene, before any additional lighting is added.

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an effect of contrasted light and shadow created by light falling unevenly or from a particular direction on something.

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the dark shape and outline of someone or something visible against a lighter background, especially in dim light.

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Pairs of closely associated portraits, images or themed pictures are often used to off-set one another.

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photographs are usually arranged with a plain border between them. The work may consist of separate images that are variants on a theme, or may be one larger image split into three.

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a minute area of illumination on a display screen, one of many from which an image is composed.

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The blue hour is the period of twilight when the Sun is at a significant depth below the horizon and residual, indirect sunlight takes on a predominantly blue shade, which differs from the one visible during most of a clear day, which is caused by Rayleigh scattering.

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a standard way that information is encoded for storage in a computer file.

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A camera's raw image file contains unprocessed or minimally processed data from the image sensor of a digital camera. ... Canon's RAW file extension is .CR2, Nikon's is .NEF

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A .PSD file is a layered image file used in Adobe PhotoShop

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a format for compressing image files.

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TIF is an image format file for high-quality graphics.

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ISO measures the sensitivity of the image sensor.

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noise is random variation of brightness or color information in images, and is usually an aspect of electronic noise.

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ASA is the measurement of film speed, or sensitivity to light.

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grain or granularity is the random optical texture of processed photographic film due to the presence of small particles of a metallic silver, or dye clouds, developed from silver halide that have received enough photons.

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image sensor is an electronic device that converts an optical image into an electronic signal.

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denoting or relating to a camera that combines the optics and mechanisms of a single-lens reflex camera with a digital imaging sensor, rather than photographic film.

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a set of data that describes and gives information about other data.

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A thumbnail image is a small image that represents a larger one. Thumbnails are often used to provide snapshots of several images in a single space.

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SOOC is an abbreviation of the photography term “Straight Out Of Camera”, simply meaning that an image can be good enough to print straight from the camera without further processing.

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An AF point is a specific part of the frame where the camera is able to focus on something. When looking through the viewfinder, these points are denoted by small squares clustered around the centre of the frame.

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the general technique of taking several shots of the same subject using different camera settings.

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the vertical bar under the scale, known as the exposure level indicator, predicts a photo's exposure, relative to the standard exposure, taken with the current meter reading and using the current exposure settings.

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Exposure compensation is a technique for adjusting the exposure indicated by a photographic exposure meter, in consideration of factors that may cause the indicated exposure to result in a less-than-optimal image.

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In burst mode, several photographs are captured in quick succession by either pressing the shutter button or holding it down.

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The f-stop is the "aperture" opening of a camera lens, which allows light to come in. It also determines how much is in focus in front of and behind the subject

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Aperture is referred to the lens diaphragm opening inside a photographic lens. The size of the diaphragm opening in a camera lens regulates amount of light passes through onto the film inside the camera the moment when the shutter curtain in camera opens during an exposure process.

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bokeh is the aesthetic quality of the blur produced in the out-of-focus parts of an image produced by a lens. Bokeh has been defined as "the way the lens renders out-of-focus points of light".

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depth of field is the distance between the nearest and the farthest objects that are in acceptably sharp focus in an image. The depth of field can be calculated based on focal length, distance to subject, the acceptable circle of confusion size, and aperture

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The focal point of a lens or mirror is the point in space where parallel light rays meet after passing through the lens or bouncing off the mirror. A "perfect"lens or mirror would send all light rays through one focal point, which would result in the clearest image.

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shutter speed or exposure time is the length of time when the film or digital sensor inside the camera is exposed to light, also when a camera's shutter is open when taking a photograph. The amount of light that reaches the film or image sensor is proportional to the exposure time.

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an exposure setting that is used when seeking to use a shutter speed of more than 30 seconds. Generally, this would be used in extremely low light situations, such as taking photos of the night sky.

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s the apparent streaking of moving objects in a photograph or a sequence of frames, such as a film or animation. It results when the image being recorded changes during the recording of a single exposure, due to rapid movement or long exposure.

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a term used to define the act of accidentally shaking a camera during shooting due to unsteady hands, which results in blurry images. This generally occurs more often if you're shooting on a low shutter speed or with a heavy lens, and can be avoided by using a tripod and cable release setup.

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A tripod is a three-legged stand for supporting a camera or other apparatus.
A monopod is a single staff or pole used to help support cameras, video cameras, binoculars, rifles or other precision instruments in the field.

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White balance (WB) is the process of removing unrealistic color casts, so that objects which appear white in person are rendered white in your photo.

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When shooting outdoors on a clear day, the color temperature of the sunlight is about 5,500K, which is almost the same as that of Daylight mode (about 5,200K). As a result, if you set the WB mode to Daylight, the color tone will appear close to what you see.

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Open Shade White Balance (left) gives the scene more warmth, but AutoWhite Balance (right) results in whiter whites. © Lindsay Silverman. OpenShade White Balance (left) gives the scene more warmth, but Auto White Balance (right) results in whiter whites.

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This mode is ideal for while shooting on a cloudy day. This is because it warms up the subject and surroundings and allows you to capture better shots.

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This mode is used for light under a little bulb like tungsten, and it is often used while shooting indoors. The tungsten setting of the digital camera cools down the color temperature in photos.

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This mode is used for getting brighter and warmer shots while compensating for the cool shade of fluorescent light.

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When the flash is on most cameras automatically switch to flash white balance.

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Setting up custom white balance involves taking a photo of something white or mid-grey in the same light where you will be shooting your subject. You then select the camera's custom white balance mode and set it to use the photo of the white or mid-grey thing as reference.

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a dark area or shape produced by a body coming between rays of light and a surface.

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the surface area between the Highlights and the Shadows and they represent an area of surface that simply has less light than the Highlights.