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Beads on rods to count and calculate

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Based on Napier's rule for Logarithms

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First stored program-metal cards

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-Difference engine
-Analytical Engine— Stored numbers on metal punch cards, accurate to 6 decimal places, powered by steam

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1st generation computers used Vacuum Tubes with no air inside to protect circuitry

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Moth stuck in relay switch. Grace Hopper called it debugging a computer

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Us silicon, won nobel prize, had an on and off switch

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Created UNIVAC
Recipient of computer science's first"Man of the year award".

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first fully electronic digital computer built in the U.S., Created at the University of Pennsylvania, weighed 30 tons, contained 18,000 vacuum tubes, Cost 487, 000

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2nd Generation computers replaced vacuum tubes with transistors

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Instructions for a computer that are loaded each time the computer is turned on

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3rd Generation computers used Integrated Circuits that were made of transistors, resistors and capacitors integrated into one chip

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4th Generation computers had microchips. Intel 4004 Microchip had 2,250 transistors

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256 bytes of memory, 2 MHz Intel 8080 chip, Cost $395—$495

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Apple computers released Apple ii computer that was used in most schools.
First commercial computer with Graphic User Interface GUI and Mouse

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First wide selling personal computer, 8088 Microchip, 29,000 transistors, 256 K RAM, 1 or 2 floppy disk drives

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Computers in most homes, Faster and less expensive, Windows 95 was 1st decent GUI

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Great Increase in speed, storage and memory, Networking and Internet Capabilities, CD Drives, Cell Phones & Wireless Technology