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In honor of Elder Pride, we bring this Virtual LGBT Timeline to our community so that while we are apart, our history and community can continue to grow, celebrate, and be united.

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In honor of Elder Pride, we bring this Virtual LGBT Timeline to our community so that while we are apart, our history and community can continue to grow, celebrate, and be united.

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You are a part of the change, a part of the story, an integral piece to a better future. 

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You are a part of the change, a part of the story, an integral piece to a better future. 

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Find the year you came out - perhaps the year you accepted your truth, or the year you shared your truth with others - and put yourself on the timeline by clicking the "comment" symbol on that year.

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1924: Society for Human Rights forms and is shut down by police. 

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1924: Society for Human Rights forms and is shut down by police. 

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Encyclopedia of Sexual Knowledge illustrates first “sex change” procedures. 

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Encyclopedia of Sexual Knowledge illustrates first “sex change” procedures. 

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US military bans gays and lesbians from serving in the Armed Forces. 

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US military bans gays and lesbians from serving in the Armed Forces. 

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1945: First known female-to-male sex change surgery, on Michael Dillon in Britain.      

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1945: First known female-to-male sex change surgery, on Michael Dillon in Britain.      

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The Quaker Emergency Committee of New York City opens the first social welfare agency for gay people, serving young people arrested on same-sex charges.

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Did you know? The Mattachine Society is founded in Los Angeles, CA. Curious about this infamous society? Check out the podcast "A Queer Serial" (link below).

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Did you know? The Mattachine Society is founded in Los Angeles, CA. Curious about this infamous society? Check out the podcast "A Queer Serial" (link below).

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What is Mattachine? Why are they anonymous? Our case opens with a postal worker in 1920s Chicago.

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1955: The kidnap and murder of a boy in the Sioux City, IA, area in 1955 led to the mass detention of all known Gay men in the area. Twenty-nine men were sent to asylums under the 'sexual psychopath' law, even though they had not been convicted of any crime.

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1955: The kidnap and murder of a boy in the Sioux City, IA, area in 1955 led to the mass detention of all known Gay men in the area. Twenty-nine men were sent to asylums under the 'sexual psychopath' law, even though they had not been convicted of any crime.

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1960: First US public gathering of lesbians at the San Francisco’s Daughters of Bilitis national convention.

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1960: First US public gathering of lesbians at the San Francisco’s Daughters of Bilitis national convention.

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First openly gay person runs for U.S. public office (drag queen Jose Sarria, running for San Francisco city supervisor).

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First openly gay person runs for U.S. public office (drag queen Jose Sarria, running for San Francisco city supervisor).

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1962: Illinois becomes first state to make consensual same-sex acts legal in Illinois. 

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1962: Illinois becomes first state to make consensual same-sex acts legal in Illinois. 

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1966: First US gay community center opens, in San Francisco, led by The Society for Individual Rights.

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1966: First US gay community center opens, in San Francisco, led by The Society for Individual Rights.

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Historical Essay

by Bill Brent, Black Sheets magazine, 1998

Society for Individual Rights Pocket Lawyer

As queer San Franciscans began to reap the hard-earned benefits of past two decades of organizing, the United States began to experience a profound social upheaval. The Society for Individual Rights (with the delightfully dominant acronym of "SIR") was formed in September 1964.

SIR represented a new breed of homophile organization, one which was assertive and self-confident. Where earlier political bodies such as the Mattachine Society and Daughters of Bilitis had been assimilationist out of necessity, SIR was liberationist out of righteousness. It was also more democratic and inclusive, and this new style would become a model for gay political organizations to follow.

One remarkable aspect of SIR, which seems obvious only in retrospect, was that it recognized the need to create a "community feeling." This was the first time that large numbers of gay men and women participated openly and freely in a gay political entity. SIR welcomed any activity that its members had the initiative to organize. Parties, dances, and entertainment of all kinds packed its calendars, along with bowling leagues, bridge clubs, meditation groups, art classes, and more. It operated a thrift shop stocked with goods donated by the gay male community and staffed by volunteers. In cooperation with the Public Health Department, it educated the gay male population about venereal disease. And in April 1966, SIR opened the first gay community center in the nation.

SIR's glossy monthly magazine, Vector, was widely available on newsstands throughout the City. It provided a forum for discussions and news on gay political progress. Local trends were highlighted; in 1968, Vector even published a thoughtful issue devoted to leather!

Within two years, SIR was the largest homophile organization in the country. SIR and the Tavern Guild enjoyed a mutually beneficial relationship. SIR held fundraising auctions in the bars, which attracted patrons, and bars donated food and drink for SIR's parties. SIR's effective campaign against VD was due in part to the bars' willingness to display educational brochures and posters.

The homophile movement also found allies in the socially concerned Protestant clergy, such as the Reverend A. Cecil Williams and Ted McIlvenna, a young minister who later became instrumental in San Francisco's Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Sexuality. The alliance eventually led to the formation in December 1964 of the Council on Religion and the Homosexual.

To raise funds for the fledgling organization, the ministers planned a New Year's Eve party for the gay community. In an era when the police arrested citizens and revoked liquor licenses for same-sex touching of the most innocent sort, holding a public gay dance was tantamount to a confrontation.

On the night of the dance, dozens of uniformed officers stalked California Hall, with police cars and paddy wagons parked in front. Police photographers took pictures of each of the 600 guests in a blatant attempt at harassment. Two days later, the ministers held a press conference condemning the police. They accused the police of "deliberate harassment and bad faith" and charged officers with "intimidation, broken promises, and obvious hostility." The police had overplayed their hand. ACLU lawyers, angered by the incident, took the case to trial. According to the Chronicle, "complaining officers sat with mouths agape" as the judge ordered the jury to return a verdict in favor of the gays. The ministers validated the charges of police harassment in a way that the words of a homosexual individual did not.

Compton's Cafeteria at Turk and Taylor, c. 1960s.

Photo: Shaping San Francisco

Corner of Turk and Taylor, 1971, with Compton's Cafeteria decor visible foreground right.

Photo: courtesy Phil Davies, via Facebook

In August 1966, a Tenderloin cafeteria became the site of a showdown between gays and police. Compton's, at the corner of Turk and Taylor, was frequented by hustlers and queens, One night, a policeman grabbed at one of the queens, and rather than tolerating the harassment, she threw her coffee in his face. Fighting erupted as angry young gays broke out the windows, threw dishes and trays at the officers, and burned down a nearby newsstand. The next day, drag queens were barred from the cafeteria, and a picket line sprang up. That night, protesters smashed the premises' newly installed plate-glass windows.

Screaming Queens: The Riot at Compton's Cafeteria clip from Frameline on Vimeo.

Thus, almost three years before Stonewall, San Francisco's gay militancy was born.

Corner of Turk and Taylor, old Compton's Cafeteria site, seen here in 2015.

Photo: Chris Carlsson

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Historical Essay by Bill Brent, Black Sheets magazine, 1998 Society for Individual Rights Pocket Lawyer As queer San Franciscans began to reap the hard-earned benefits of past two decades of organizing, the United States began to experience a profound social upheaval. The Society for Individual Rights (with the delightfully dominant acronym of "SIR") was formed in September 1964.

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1966: First transgender public uprising at San Francisco’s Compton’s Cafeteria.

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1966: First transgender public uprising at San Francisco’s Compton’s Cafeteria.

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1969: The Stonewall uprisings were a series of spontaneous, violent demonstrations by members of the gay community in response to a police raid that began in the early morning hours of June 28, 1969, at the Stonewall Inn in the Greenwich Village, NYC.

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1969: The Stonewall uprisings were a series of spontaneous, violent demonstrations by members of the gay community in response to a police raid that began in the early morning hours of June 28, 1969, at the Stonewall Inn in the Greenwich Village, NYC.

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The Stonewall Riots, also called the Stonewall Uprising, began in the early hours of June 28, 1969 when New York City police raided the Stonewall Inn, a gay club located in Greenwich Village in New York City. The raid sparked a riot among bar patrons and neighborhood residents as police roughly hauled employees and patrons out of the bar, leading to six days of protests and violent clashes with law enforcement outside the bar on Christopher Street, in neighboring streets and in nearby Christopher Park. The Stonewall Riots served as a catalyst for the gay rights movement in the United States and around the world.

Constant Raids at Gay Bars

The 1960s and preceding decades were not welcoming times for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) Americans. For instance, solicitation of same-sex relations was illegal in New York City.

For such reasons, LGBT individuals flocked to gay bars and clubs, places of refuge where they could express themselves openly and socialize without worry. However, the New York State Liquor Authority penalized and shut down establishments that served alcohol to known or suspected LGBT individuals, arguing that the mere gathering of homosexuals was "disorderly."

Thanks to activists' efforts, these regulations were overturned in 1966, and LGBT patrons could now be served alcohol. But engaging in gay behavior in public (holding hands, kissing or dancing with someone of the same sex) was still illegal, so police harassment of gay bars continued and many bars still operated without liquor licenses-in part because they were owned by the Mafia.
READ MORE: How the Mob Helped Establish NYC's Gay Bar Scene
Gay Rights Before Stonewall

The first documented U.S. gay rights organization, The Society for Human Rights (SHR), was founded in 1924 by Henry Gerber, a German immigrant. Police raids forced them to disband in 1925, but not before they had published several issues of their newsletter, "Friendship and Freedom," the country's first gay-interest newsletter. America's first lesbian rights organization, The Daughters of Bilitis, was formed in San Francisco on September 21, 1955.

In 1966, three years before Stonewall, members of The Mattachine Society, an organization dedicated to gay rights, staged a "sip-in" where they openly declared their sexuality at taverns, daring staff to turn them away and suing establishments who did. When The Commission on Human Rights ruled that gay individuals had the right to be served in bars, police raids were temporarily reduced.
READ MORE: What Happened at the Stonewall Riots? A Timeline of the 1969 Uprising

Stonewall Inn

The crime syndicate saw profit in catering to shunned gay clientele, and by the mid-1960s, the Genovese crime family controlled most Greenwich Village gay bars. In 1966, they purchased Stonewall Inn (a "straight" bar and restaurant), cheaply renovated it, and reopened it the next year as a gay bar.

Stonewall Inn was registered as a type of private "bottle bar," which did not require a liquor license because patrons were supposed to bring their own liquor. Club attendees had to sign their names in a book upon entry to maintain the club's false exclusivity. The Genovese family bribed New York's Sixth Police Precinct to ignore the activities occurring within the club.

Without police interference, the crime family could cut costs how they saw fit: The club lacked a fire exit, running water behind the bar to wash glasses, clean toilets that didn't routinely overflow and palatable drinks that weren't watered down beyond recognition. What's more, the Mafia reportedly blackmailed the club's wealthier patrons who wanted to keep their sexuality a secret.

Nonetheless, Stonewall Inn quickly became an important Greenwich Village institution. It was large and relatively cheap to enter. It welcomed drag queens, who received a bitter reception at other gay bars and clubs. It was a nightly home for many runaways and homeless gay youths, who panhandled or shoplifted to afford the entry fee. And it was one of the few-if not the only-gay bar left that allowed dancing.

Raids were still a fact of life, but usually corrupt cops would tip off Mafia-run bars before they occurred, allowing owners to stash the alcohol (sold without a liquor license) and hide other illegal activities. In fact, the NYPD had stormed Stonewall Inn just a few days before the riot-inducing raid.

The Stonewall Riots Begin

When police raided Stonewall Inn on the morning of June 28, it came as a surprise-the bar wasn't tipped off this time.

Armed with a warrant, police officers entered the club, roughed up patrons, and, finding bootlegged alcohol, arrested 13 people, including employees and people violating the state's gender-appropriate clothing statute (female officers would take suspected cross-dressing patrons into the bathroom to check their sex).

Fed up with constant police harassment and social discrimination, angry patrons and neighborhood residents hung around outside of the bar rather than disperse, becoming increasingly agitated as the events unfolded and people were aggressively manhandled. At one point, an officer hit a lesbian over the head as he forced her into the police van- she shouted to onlookers to act, inciting the crowd to begin throw pennies, bottles, cobble stones and other objects at the police.

Within minutes, a full-blown riot involving hundreds of people began. The police, a few prisoners and a Village Voice writer barricaded themselves in the bar, which the mob attempted to set on fire after breaching the barricade repeatedly.

The fire department and a riot squad were eventually able to douse the flames, rescue those inside Stonewall, and disperse the crowd. But the protests, sometimes involving thousands of people, continued in the area for five more days, flaring up at one point after the Village Voice published its account of the riots.
READ MORE: 7 Surprising Facts About the Stonewall Riots and the Fight for LGBT Rights
Stonewall's Legacy

Though the Stonewall uprising didn't start the gay rights movement, it was a galvanizing force for LGBT political activism, leading to numerous gay rights organizations, including the Gay Liberation Front, Human Rights Campaign, GLAAD (formerly Gay and Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation), and PFLAG (formerly Parents, Families and Friends of Lesbians and Gays).

On the one-year anniversary of the riots on June 28, 1970, thousands of people marched in the streets of Manhattan from the Stonewall Inn to Central Park in what was then called "Christopher Street Liberation Day," America's first gay pride parade. The parade's official chant was: "Say it loud, gay is proud."

In 2016, then-President Barack Obama designated the site of the riots-Stonewall Inn, Christopher Park, and the surrounding streets and sidewalks-a national monument in recognition of the area's contribution to gay rights.
READ MORE: How Activists Plotted the First Gay Pride Parades
Sources

A History of Gay Rights in America. CBS.
LGBTQ Activism: The Henry Gerber House, Chicago, IL. NPS.gov.

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The Stonewall Riots, also called the Stonewall Uprising, took place on June 28, 1969, in New York City, after police raided the Stonewall Inn, a local gay club. The raid sparked a riot among bar patrons and neighborhood residents as police roughly hauled employees and patrons out of the bar, leading to six days of protests and violent clashes.

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1972: The Rev. William R. Johnson becomes the first openly gay minister to be ordained in the United Church of Christ.

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1972: The Rev. William R. Johnson becomes the first openly gay minister to be ordained in the United Church of Christ.

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Rev. Dr. William R. Johnson: journey to ordination as an openly gay pastor

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1973: American Psychiatric Association removes homosexuality from its list of mental illnesses.

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1973: American Psychiatric Association removes homosexuality from its list of mental illnesses.

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1974: First state-level openly gay person elected: Elaine Noble of Massachusetts.

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1974: First state-level openly gay person elected: Elaine Noble of Massachusetts.

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Elaine Noble, the first openly gay or lesbian candidate elected to a state office (in 1974, as a state representative in Massachusetts), was reflecting on LGBT progress in a 2012 interview. She was undoubtedly being too modest. Happy Women's History Month!

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1975: US Civil Service Commission stops banning gay men and lesbians from federal jobs.

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1975: US Civil Service Commission stops banning gay men and lesbians from federal jobs.

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1976: San Francisco Bisexual Center opens.

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1976: San Francisco Bisexual Center opens.

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1979: The first National March on Washington for Lesbian and Gay Rights took place on October 14, 1979 in response to Reagan's imminent presidency, LGBTQ intolerance, and the recent assassination of Californian politician Harvey Milk.

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1979: The first National March on Washington for Lesbian and Gay Rights took place on October 14, 1979 in response to Reagan's imminent presidency, LGBTQ intolerance, and the recent assassination of Californian politician Harvey Milk.

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1980: The first Harry Benjamin Standards are produced for therapists working with transgender persons.

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1980: The first Harry Benjamin Standards are produced for therapists working with transgender persons.

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1981: The first reported US cases of what came to be called AIDS.

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1981: The first reported US cases of what came to be called AIDS.

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1982: Parents & Friends of Lesbians and Gays (PFLAG) founded & the Gay Men’s Health Crisis formed.

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1982: Parents & Friends of Lesbians and Gays (PFLAG) founded & the Gay Men’s Health Crisis formed.

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1982: Wisconsin enacts first statewide gay civil rights legislation.

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1982: Wisconsin enacts first statewide gay civil rights legislation.

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1984: Berkeley, CA, becomes first US city to extend domestic partnership benefits to lesbian and gay employees.

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1984: Berkeley, CA, becomes first US city to extend domestic partnership benefits to lesbian and gay employees.

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1985: First school for openly lesbian and gay teenagers opens in New York City - Harvey Milk High School.

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1985: First school for openly lesbian and gay teenagers opens in New York City - Harvey Milk High School.

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We are accepting applications for the Fall Semester. Please call our Parent Coordinator, Ms. Rocio Torres @ (646) 265-5760 to schedule an appointment.

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1987: Second National March on Washington for Lesbian and Gay Rights; Names Project AIDS Memorial Quilt was displayed.

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1987: Second National March on Washington for Lesbian and Gay Rights; Names Project AIDS Memorial Quilt was displayed.

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At a November 20, 2019 ceremony in Washington D.C., House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, Representative John Lewis, and Representative Barbara Lee announced that the National AIDS Memorial will become the new steward of The AIDS Memorial Quilt. Click here to watch the announcement.

Since 1987, The NAMES Project Foundation ("the NAMES Project") has cared for The AIDS Memorial Quilt ("The Quilt") and its associated archives. As the stewards of this memorial and vast cultural repository over the past eighteen years, the NAMES Project was dedicated to the mission of remembrance, education and conscience. The NAMES Project's Board of Trustees' vision had long been to transfer the care of The Quilt, its related archival collections and programs to new institutional partners, and in doing so, secure the legacy of The Quilt, for future generations.

It was widely agreed that the natural future home for The Quilt was the National AIDS Memorial, whose mission is to provide, in perpetuity, a place of remembrance so that the lives of people who died from AIDS are not forgotten and the story is known by future generations. The National AIDS Memorial had already embarked on a long-term planning process that includes building a Center for Social Conscience, that would serve as a place for grief, healing, truth, education, inspiration and action. The Quilt would be an integral part of the Center.

The NAMES Project formerly transferred The Quilt and its archival materials under the care and stewardship of the National AIDS Memorial in early 2020. Under a special arrangement with the National AIDS Memorial, The American Folklife Center at The Library of Congress in Washington, DC now serves as the stewards of the vast archival collections associated with The Quilt, and will make them digitally accessible to the public through the world's largest library.

The Quilt Archive totals more than 200,000 items. It includes biographical records of the people listed on the Quilt panels, including correspondence, photographs, tributes, epitaphs, news clippings and artifacts submitted by panel makers to add context about the lives of the people memorialized in the quilt. The archive also includes correspondence, printed materials, photographs, audiovisual materials and administrative records that document the creation, marketing and exhibition of the Quilt. Digital assets in the archive include digital images of all quilt blocks and detailed information about Quilt creators, Quilt attributes and those people memorialized in its panels.
BACKGROUND
Thirty-two years ago a group of strangers gathered at a San Francisco storefront to remember the names and lives of their loved ones they feared history would forget - and with that seemingly simple act of love and defiance, the first panels of The AIDS Memorial Quilt (The Quilt) were created and The NAMES Project Foundation (NPF) created.

Three years later and just a few miles away in Golden Gate Park, another small group of San Franciscans, also representing a community devastated by the AIDS epidemic, gathered in a dilapidated grove in Golden Gate Park to restore it and create a serene place where people seeking healing could gather to express their collective grief through a living memorial, an AIDS memorial, which is now known as the National AIDS Memorial.

The public response to both of these initiatives was fervent because for the first several years into the epidemic, the stigma surrounding AIDS meant there was no formal recognition of it as a national tragedy. There were no formal commemorations for those who had died as would typically occur in response to the loss of lives on such a mass scale.

The National AIDS Memorial and The Quilt, through their very existence, have had a tremendous impact in telling the story of the AIDS crisis and the AIDS movement, a story of social justice.

The cherished history, love and heartbreak that these two organizations share came together to ensure that we always remember the lives lost, we know and understand their personal stories, so that future generations never forget their sacrifice.
TWO MISSIONS BOUND BY HOPE, HEALING AND REMEMBRANCE
By their very nature, both The Quilt and the National AIDS Memorial invoke compassion and dispel discrimination and stigma. Much like the thousands of volunteers who have created and maintained the National AIDS Memorial's ten acres for nearly three decades, the panels of The Quilt have been hand-sewn by members of the public as a way to transform loss and heartbreak into healing and hope.

Since 1987, the NAMES Project cared for The Quilt and its associated archives. Headquartered in Atlanta since 2001, as the custodians of this memorial and vast cultural repository, the NAMES Project was dedicated to the mission of remembrance, education and conscience.

Today, The Quilt is a powerful visual reminder of the AIDS pandemic and continues as the largest ongoing community folk art project in the world. More than 50,000 individual 3-by-6-foot memorial panels - commemorating more than 105,000 individual lives of people who have died of AIDS - have been sewn together by friends, lovers and family members. Each year the NAMES Project has unfolded sections of The Quilt at thousands of places across the country. Wherever displayed, The Quilt provides balm for the painful wounds of grief, pours oil into the waters made turbulent by controversy, opens eyes that refuse to see and enlists every person who experiences it to play a role in stopping the pandemic. It is difficult to walk away from The Quilt unchanged.

The National AIDS Memorial is a dedicated space in the national landscape where millions of Americans touched directly or indirectly by AIDS can gather to heal, hope and remember. The National AIDS Memorial, known as "the Grove", was created twenty-eight years ago in San Francisco's Golden Gate Park at the height of the HIV/AIDS epidemic as a place where those impacted by AIDS could both grieve and begin the process of healing. In 1996, legislation sponsored by U.S. Representative Nancy Pelosi was signed into law by President Bill Clinton that elevated "the Grove" as this nation's sole federally-designated National AIDS Memorial. More than 40,000 individuals from around the world have contributed 225,000 volunteer hours to support the National AIDS Memorial and its mission.

The Quilt, like the National AIDS Memorial, is both a memorial and a storyteller. The enormity of loss they represent has a profound and lasting impact on those who experience. Both have been powerful symbols to fight prejudice, raise awareness, link hands with the global community in the fight against AIDS, promote healing; foster hope through education and prevention, and in remembrance to those who lost their lives to HIV and AIDS.

The National AIDS Memorial, whose mission is to provide, in perpetuity, a place of remembrance so that the lives of people who died from AIDS are not forgotten and the story is known by future generations, has embarked on a long-term planning process that includes building a Center for Social Conscience in San Francisco that will serve as a place for grief, healing, truth, education, inspiration and action. When built, the Center will ensure that the story of HIV/AIDS will be told in perpetuity and leveraged to advocate broadly for human rights. More than a museum or memorial, it will be a center of conscience and a platform for action.

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The AIDS Memorial Quilt >> Learn More - Welcome to Aids Memorial

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At a November 20, 2019 ceremony in Washington D.C., House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, Representative John Lewis, and Representative Barbara Lee announced that the National AIDS Memorial will become the new steward of The AIDS Memorial Quilt. Click here to watch the announcement.